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(.module:
  [library
   [lux #*
    [abstract
     [monad (#+ do)]]
    [control
     [pipe (#+ if>)]
     ["." io (#+ IO)]
     ["." try (#+ Try)]
     ["." exception (#+ exception:)]]
    [data
     [text
      ["%" format (#+ format)]]
     [collection
      ["." queue (#+ Queue)]]]
    [math
     [number
      ["n" nat]
      ["i" int]]]
    [type
     abstract
     ["." refinement]]]]
  [//
   ["." atom (#+ Atom)]
   ["." promise (#+ Promise Resolver)]])

(type: State
  {#max_positions Nat
   #open_positions Int
   #waiting_list (Queue (Resolver Any))})

(abstract: #export Semaphore
  (Atom State)

  {#.doc "A tool for controlling access to resources by multiple concurrent processes."}

  (def: most_positions_possible
    (.nat (\ i.interval top)))

  (def: #export (semaphore initial_open_positions)
    (-> Nat Semaphore)
    (let [max_positions (n.min initial_open_positions
                               ..most_positions_possible)]
      (:abstraction (atom.atom {#max_positions max_positions
                                #open_positions (.int max_positions)
                                #waiting_list queue.empty}))))

  (def: #export (wait semaphore)
    (Ex [k] (-> Semaphore (Promise Any)))
    (let [semaphore (:representation semaphore)
          [signal sink] (: [(Promise Any) (Resolver Any)]
                           (promise.promise []))]
      (exec (io.run
             (with_expansions [<had_open_position?> (as_is (get@ #open_positions) (i.> -1))]
               (do io.monad
                 [[_ state'] (atom.update (|>> (update@ #open_positions dec)
                                               (if> [<had_open_position?>]
                                                    []
                                                    [(update@ #waiting_list (queue.push sink))]))
                                          semaphore)]
                 (with_expansions [<go_ahead> (sink [])
                                   <get_in_line> (wrap false)]
                   (if (|> state' <had_open_position?>)
                     <go_ahead>
                     <get_in_line>)))))
        signal)))

  (exception: #export (semaphore_is_maxed_out {max_positions Nat})
    (exception.report
     ["Max Positions" (%.nat max_positions)]))

  (def: #export (signal semaphore)
    (Ex [k] (-> Semaphore (Promise (Try Int))))
    (let [semaphore (:representation semaphore)]
      (promise.future
       (do {! io.monad}
         [[pre post] (atom.update (function (_ state)
                                    (if (i.= (.int (get@ #max_positions state))
                                             (get@ #open_positions state))
                                      state
                                      (|> state
                                          (update@ #open_positions inc)
                                          (update@ #waiting_list queue.pop))))
                                  semaphore)]
         (if (is? pre post)
           (wrap (exception.throw ..semaphore_is_maxed_out [(get@ #max_positions pre)]))
           (do !
             [_ (case (queue.peek (get@ #waiting_list pre))
                  #.None
                  (wrap true)

                  (#.Some sink)
                  (sink []))]
             (wrap (#try.Success (get@ #open_positions post)))))))))
  )

(abstract: #export Mutex
  Semaphore

  {#.doc "A mutual-exclusion lock that can only be acquired by one process at a time."}

  (def: #export (mutex _)
    (-> Any Mutex)
    (:abstraction (semaphore 1)))

  (def: acquire
    (-> Mutex (Promise Any))
    (|>> :representation ..wait))

  (def: release
    (-> Mutex (Promise Any))
    (|>> :representation ..signal))

  (def: #export (synchronize mutex procedure)
    (All [a] (-> Mutex (IO (Promise a)) (Promise a)))
    (do promise.monad
      [_ (..acquire mutex)
       output (io.run procedure)
       _ (..release mutex)]
      (wrap output)))
  )

(def: #export limit
  (refinement.refinement (n.> 0)))

(type: #export Limit
  (:~ (refinement.type limit)))

(abstract: #export Barrier
  {#limit Limit
   #count (Atom Nat)
   #start_turnstile Semaphore
   #end_turnstile Semaphore}

  {#.doc "A barrier that blocks all processes from proceeding until a given number of processes are parked at the barrier."}

  (def: #export (barrier limit)
    (-> Limit Barrier)
    (:abstraction {#limit limit
                   #count (atom.atom 0)
                   #start_turnstile (..semaphore 0)
                   #end_turnstile (..semaphore 0)}))

  (def: (un_block times turnstile)
    (-> Nat Semaphore (Promise Any))
    (loop [step 0]
      (if (n.< times step)
        (do promise.monad
          [outcome (..signal turnstile)]
          (recur (inc step)))
        (\ promise.monad wrap []))))

  (template [<phase> <update> <goal> <turnstile>]
    [(def: (<phase> (^:representation barrier))
       (-> Barrier (Promise Any))
       (do promise.monad
         [#let [limit (refinement.un_refine (get@ #limit barrier))
                goal <goal>
                [_ count] (io.run (atom.update <update> (get@ #count barrier)))
                reached? (n.= goal count)]]
         (if reached?
           (..un_block (dec limit) (get@ <turnstile> barrier))
           (..wait (get@ <turnstile> barrier)))))]

    [start inc limit #start_turnstile]
    [end   dec 0     #end_turnstile]
    )

  (def: #export (block barrier)
    (-> Barrier (Promise Any))
    (do promise.monad
      [_ (..start barrier)]
      (..end barrier)))
  )