- Initial Ruby back-end implementation.

18 files changed, 2231 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/ruby.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/ruby.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f179105d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/ruby.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux #- not or and]
+  (lux (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List> Fold<List>]))))
+
+(type: #export Ruby Text)
+
+(type: #export Expression Ruby)
+
+(type: #export Statement Ruby)
+
+(def: #export nil
+  Expression
+  "nil")
+
+(def: #export bool
+  (-> Bool Expression)
+  %b)
+
+(def: #export int
+  (-> Int Expression)
+  %i)
+
+(def: #export float
+  (-> Frac Expression)
+  %f)
+
+(def: #export (string value)
+  (-> Text Expression)
+  (%t value))
+
+(def: #export splat
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (|>> (format "*")))
+
+(def: #export (array-range from to array)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (format "(" array "[" from ".." to "])"))
+
+(def: #export (array elements)
+  (-> (List Expression) Expression)
+  (format "([" (text.join-with "," elements) "])"))
+
+(def: #export (dictionary kvs)
+  (-> (List [Expression Expression]) Expression)
+  (format "({"
+          (|> kvs
+              (list/map (.function [[k v]]
+                          (format k " => " v)))
+              (text.join-with ", "))
+          "})"))
+
+(def: #export (apply func args)
+  (-> Expression (List Expression) Expression)
+  (format "(" func "(" (text.join-with "," args) ")" ")"))
+
+(def: #export (send method args object)
+  (-> Text (List Expression) Expression Expression)
+  (apply (format object "." method) args))
+
+(def: #export call
+  (-> (List Expression) Expression Expression)
+  (send "call"))
+
+(def: #export (nth idx array)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+  (format "(" array "[" idx "])"))
+
+(def: #export (set-nth! idx value array)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Statement)
+  (format array "[" idx "] = " value ";"))
+
+(def: #export (field name object)
+  (-> Text Expression Expression)
+  (format "(" object "." name ")"))
+
+(def: #export (length array)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (format "(" array ".length)"))
+
+(def: #export (set! vars value)
+  (-> (List Text) Expression Statement)
+  (format (text.join-with ", " vars) " = " value ";"))
+
+(def: #export (global var)
+  (-> Text Expression)
+  (format "$" var))
+
+(def: #export (global! var value)
+  (-> Text Expression Statement)
+  (set! (list (global var)) value))
+
+(def: #export (? test then! else!)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (format "(" test " ? " then! " : " else! ")"))
+
+(def: #export (if! test then! else!)
+  (-> Expression Statement Statement Statement)
+  (format "if " test
+          "\n" then!
+          "\n" "else"
+          "\n" else!
+          "\n" "end;"))
+
+(def: #export (when! test then!)
+  (-> Expression Statement Statement)
+  (format "if " test
+          "\n" then!
+          "\n" "end;"))
+
+(def: #export (cond! clauses else!)
+  (-> (List [Expression Statement]) Statement Statement)
+  (list/fold (.function [[test then!] next!]
+               (if! test then! next!))
+             else!
+             (list.reverse clauses)))
+
+(def: #export (block! statements)
+  (-> (List Statement) Statement)
+  (text.join-with " " statements))
+
+(def: #export (statement expression)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (format expression ";"))
+
+(def: #export (while! test body)
+  (-> Expression Statement Statement)
+  (format "while " test
+          "\n" body
+          "\n" "end;"))
+
+(def: #export (for-in! var array body)
+  (-> Text Expression Statement Statement)
+  (format "for " var " in " array "do" "\n"
+          body "\n"
+          "end;" "\n"))
+
+(def: #export (begin! body rescues)
+  (-> Statement (List [(List Text) Text Statement]) Statement)
+  (format "begin"
+          "\n" body "\n"
+          (|> rescues
+              (list/map (function [[ex-classes ex-value ex-handler]]
+                          (format "rescue " (text.join-with ", " ex-classes)
+                                  (case ex-value
+                                    "" ""
+                                    _ (format " => " ex-value))
+                                  "\n"
+                                  ex-handler)))
+              (text.join-with "\n"))
+          "\n" "end;"))
+
+(def: #export (raise message)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (format "raise " message ";"))
+
+(def: #export (return! value)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (format "return " value ";"))
+
+(def: #export (function! name args body)
+  (-> Text (List Text) Statement Statement)
+  (format "def " name "(" (text.join-with "," args) ")\n"
+          body
+          "\n" "end;"))
+
+(def: #export (lambda name args body)
+  (-> (Maybe Text) (List Text) Statement Expression)
+  (let [proc (format "lambda {" (format "|" (text.join-with ", " args) "|") " " body "}")]
+    (case name
+      #.None
+      (format "(" proc ")")
+      
+      (#.Some name)
+      (format "(" name " = " proc ")"))))
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: #export (<name> param subject)
+     (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+     (format "(" subject " " <op> " " param ")"))]
+
+  [=       "=="]
+  [<       "<"]
+  [<=      "<="]
+  [>       ">"]
+  [>=      ">="]
+  [+       "+"]
+  [-       "-"]
+  [*       "*"]
+  [/       "/"]
+  [%       "%"]
+  [pow     "**"]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: #export (<name> param subject)
+     (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+     (format "(" param " " <op> " " subject ")"))]
+
+  [or      "||"]
+  [and     "&&"]
+  [bit-or  "|"]
+  [bit-and "&"]
+  [bit-xor "^"]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: #export (<name> param subject)
+     (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+     (format "(" subject " " <op> " " param ")"))]
+
+  [bit-shl "<<"]
+  [bit-shr ">>"]
+  )
+
+(def: #export (not subject)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (format "(!" subject ")"))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/eval.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/eval.jvm.lux
index 331ec857d..c42ba0668 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/eval.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/eval.jvm.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
              (coll [array]))
        [host])
   (luxc [lang]
-        (lang (host [js #+ JS Expression Statement])))
+        (lang (host [lua #+ Lua Expression Statement])))
   [//])
 
 (host.import java/lang/Object
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/procedure/common.jvm.lux
index 2b277dec4..77e57a5db 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/procedure/common.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 
 (def: (array//remove [arrayO idxO])
   Binary
-  (runtimeT.array//remove arrayO idxO))
+  (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO runtimeT.unit))
 
 (def: array//size
   Unary
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/runtime.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/runtime.jvm.lux
index b5e2147e0..50b8008dd 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/runtime.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/lua/runtime.jvm.lux
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 (def: (flag value)
   (-> Bool Lua)
   (if value
-    (%t "")
-    "null"))
+    (lua.string "")
+    lua.nil))
 
 (def: (variant' tag last? value)
   (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 (runtime: (lux//program-args program-args)
   (lua.block! (list (lua.local! "inputs" (#.Some none))
-                    (lua.for-step! "idx" (lua.int 1) (lua.length program-args) (lua.int 1)
+                    (lua.for-step! "idx" (lua.length program-args) (lua.int 1) (lua.int -1)
                                    (lua.set! "inputs" (some (lua.array (list (lua.nth "idx" program-args)
                                                                              "inputs")))))
                     (lua.return! "inputs"))))
@@ -378,17 +378,14 @@
       (lua.block! (list (lua.set! (lua.nth idx array) value)
                         (lua.return! array)))))
 
-(runtime: (array//remove array idx)
-  (array//put array idx unit))
-
 (def: runtime//array
   Runtime
   (format @@array//sub
           @@array//concat
           @@array//copy
+          @@array//new
           @@array//get
           @@array//put
-          @@array//remove
           ))
 
 (def: #export atom//field Text "_lux_atom")
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f00c0ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                pipe
+                [monad #+ do])
+       (data [bit]
+             [maybe]
+             ["e" error #+ Error]
+             [text "text/" Eq<Text>]
+             text/format
+             (coll [array]))
+       [macro]
+       [io #+ IO Process io]
+       [host #+ class: interface: object]
+       (world [file #+ File]))
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Register]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement]))
+        [".C" io]))
+
+(host.import java/lang/Object)
+
+(host.import java/lang/String
+  (getBytes [String] #try (Array byte)))
+
+(host.import java/lang/CharSequence)
+
+(host.import java/lang/Appendable
+  (append [CharSequence] Appendable))
+
+(host.import java/lang/StringBuilder
+  (new [])
+  (toString [] String))
+
+(host.import org/jruby/embed/ScriptingContainer
+  (new [])
+  (runScriptlet [String] #? Object))
+
+(type: #export Anchor [Text Register])
+
+(type: #export Host
+  {#context [Text Nat]
+   #anchor (Maybe Anchor)
+   #interpreter (-> Text (Error Top))
+   #module-buffer (Maybe StringBuilder)
+   #program-buffer StringBuilder})
+
+(def: #export init
+  (IO Host)
+  (io {#context ["" +0]
+       #anchor #.None
+       #interpreter (let [interpreter (ScriptingContainer::new [])]
+                      (function [code]
+                        ("lux try" (io (: Top (maybe.default [] (ScriptingContainer::runScriptlet [code] interpreter)))))))
+       #module-buffer #.None
+       #program-buffer (StringBuilder::new [])}))
+
+(def: #export ruby-module-name Text "module.rb")
+
+(def: #export init-module-buffer
+  (Meta Unit)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                          (|>> (:! Host)
+                               (set@ #module-buffer (#.Some (StringBuilder::new [])))
+                               (:! Void))
+                          compiler)
+                 []])))
+
+(exception: #export No-Active-Module-Buffer)
+(exception: #export Cannot-Execute)
+
+(def: #export (with-sub-context expr)
+  (All [a] (-> (Meta a) (Meta [Text a])))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [old (:! Host (get@ #.host compiler))
+          [old-name old-sub] (get@ #context old)
+          new-name (format old-name "___" (%i (nat-to-int old-sub)))]
+      (case (expr (set@ #.host
+                        (:! Void (set@ #context [new-name +0] old))
+                        compiler))
+        (#e.Success [compiler' output])
+        (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                              (|>> (:! Host)
+                                   (set@ #context [old-name (n/inc old-sub)])
+                                   (:! Void))
+                              compiler')
+                     [new-name output]])
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (#e.Error error)))))
+
+(def: #export context
+  (Meta Text)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [compiler
+                 (|> (get@ #.host compiler)
+                     (:! Host)
+                     (get@ #context)
+                     (let> [name sub]
+                           name))])))
+
+(def: #export (with-anchor anchor expr)
+  (All [a] (-> Anchor (Meta a) (Meta a)))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [old (:! Host (get@ #.host compiler))]
+      (case (expr (set@ #.host
+                        (:! Void (set@ #anchor (#.Some anchor) old))
+                        compiler))
+        (#e.Success [compiler' output])
+        (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                              (|>> (:! Host)
+                                   (set@ #anchor (get@ #anchor old))
+                                   (:! Void))
+                              compiler')
+                     output])
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (#e.Error error)))))
+
+(exception: #export No-Anchor)
+
+(def: #export anchor
+  (Meta Anchor)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (case (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #anchor))
+      (#.Some anchor)
+      (#e.Success [compiler anchor])
+
+      #.None
+      ((lang.throw No-Anchor "") compiler))))
+
+(def: #export module-buffer
+  (Meta StringBuilder)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (case (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #module-buffer))
+      #.None
+      ((lang.fail (No-Active-Module-Buffer "")) compiler)
+      
+      (#.Some module-buffer)
+      (#e.Success [compiler module-buffer]))))
+
+(def: #export program-buffer
+  (Meta StringBuilder)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [compiler (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #program-buffer))])))
+
+(def: (execute code)
+  (-> Expression (Meta Unit))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [interpreter (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #interpreter))]
+      (case (interpreter code)
+        (#e.Error error)
+        ((lang.fail (Cannot-Execute error)) compiler)
+        
+        (#e.Success _)
+        (#e.Success [compiler []])))))
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Member)
+
+(def: #export variant-tag-field "_lux_tag")
+(def: #export variant-flag-field "_lux_flag")
+(def: #export variant-value-field "_lux_value")
+
+(def: #export unit Text "\u0000")
+
+(def: #export (definition-name [module name])
+  (-> Ident Text)
+  (lang.normalize-name (format module "$" name)))
+
+(def: #export (save code)
+  (-> Ruby (Meta Unit))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [module-buffer module-buffer
+     #let [_ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence code)]
+                                 module-buffer)]]
+    (execute code)))
+
+(def: #export (save-module! target)
+  (-> File (Meta (Process Unit)))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [module macro.current-module-name
+     module-buffer module-buffer
+     program-buffer program-buffer
+     #let [module-code (StringBuilder::toString [] module-buffer)
+           _ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence (format module-code "\n"))]
+                                 program-buffer)]]
+    (wrap (ioC.write target
+                     (format (lang.normalize-name module) "/" ruby-module-name)
+                     (|> module-code
+                         (String::getBytes ["UTF-8"])
+                         e.assume)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/case.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/case.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..016038d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/case.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Fold<List>]))
+       [macro #+ "meta/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" primitive]
+      [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: (expression-block body)
+  (-> Statement Expression)
+  (ruby.call (list)
+             (ruby.lambda #.None (list)
+                     body)))
+
+(def: #export (translate-let translate register valueS bodyS)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat ls.Synthesis ls.Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     bodyO (translate bodyS)]
+    (wrap (expression-block
+           (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list (referenceT.variable register)) valueO)
+                              (ruby.return! bodyO)))))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-record-get translate valueS path)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) ls.Synthesis (List [Nat Bool])
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)]
+    (wrap (list/fold (function [[idx tail?] source]
+                       (let [method (if tail?
+                                      runtimeT.product//right
+                                      runtimeT.product//left)]
+                         (method source (ruby.int (:! Int idx)))))
+                     valueO
+                     path))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-if testO thenO elseO)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (expression-block
+   (ruby.if! testO
+             (ruby.return! thenO)
+             (ruby.return! elseO))))
+
+(def: savepoint
+  Expression
+  "pm_cursor_savepoint")
+
+(def: cursor
+  Expression
+  "pm_cursor")
+
+(def: (push-cursor! value)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (ruby.statement (ruby.send "push" (list value) cursor)))
+
+(def: save-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (ruby.statement
+   (ruby.send "push"
+              (list (ruby.array-range (ruby.int 0) (ruby.int -1) cursor))
+              savepoint)))
+
+(def: restore-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (ruby.set! (list cursor) (ruby.send "pop" (list) savepoint)))
+
+(def: cursor-top
+  Expression
+  (ruby.nth (ruby.- (ruby.int 1)
+                    (ruby.length cursor))
+            cursor))
+
+(def: pop-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (ruby.statement (ruby.send "pop" (list) cursor)))
+
+(def: pm-error
+  Expression
+  (ruby.string "PM-ERROR"))
+
+(exception: #export Unrecognized-Path)
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching' translate path)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Code (Meta Expression))
+  (case path
+    (^code ("lux case exec" (~ bodyS)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [bodyO (translate bodyS)]
+      (wrap (ruby.return! bodyO)))
+
+    (^code ("lux case pop"))
+    (meta/wrap pop-cursor!)
+
+    (^code ("lux case bind" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)])))
+    (meta/wrap (ruby.set! (list (referenceT.variable register)) cursor-top))
+
+    (^template [<tag> <format>]
+      [_ (<tag> value)]
+      (meta/wrap (ruby.when! (ruby.not (ruby.= (|> value <format>) cursor-top))
+                             (ruby.raise pm-error))))
+    ([#.Nat  (<| ruby.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Int  ruby.int]
+     [#.Deg  (<| ruby.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Bool ruby.bool]
+     [#.Frac ruby.float]
+     [#.Text ruby.string])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <getter>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap (push-cursor! (<getter> cursor-top (ruby.int (:! Int idx))))))
+    (["lux case tuple left" runtimeT.product//left]
+     ["lux case tuple right" runtimeT.product//right])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <flag>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "temp") (runtimeT.sum//get cursor-top (ruby.int (:! Int idx)) <flag>))
+                                    (ruby.if! (ruby.not (ruby.= ruby.nil "temp"))
+                                              (push-cursor! "temp")
+                                              (ruby.raise pm-error))))))
+    (["lux case variant left" ruby.nil]
+     ["lux case variant right" (ruby.string "")])
+
+    (^code ("lux case seq" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap (ruby.block! (list leftO rightO))))
+
+    (^code ("lux case alt" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap (ruby.begin! (ruby.block! (list save-cursor!
+                                            leftO))
+                         (list [(list) "alt_error" (ruby.if! (ruby.= pm-error (ruby.field "message" "alt_error"))
+                                                             (ruby.block! (list restore-cursor!
+                                                                                rightO))
+                                                             (ruby.raise "alt_error"))]))))
+
+    _
+    (lang.throw Unrecognized-Path (%code path))
+    ))
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching translate path)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Code (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [pattern-matching (translate-pattern-matching' translate path)]
+    (wrap (ruby.begin! pattern-matching
+                       (list [(list) "alt_error"
+                              (ruby.if! (ruby.= pm-error (ruby.field "message" "alt_error"))
+                                        (ruby.raise (ruby.string "Invalid expression for pattern-matching."))
+                                        (ruby.raise "alt_error"))])))))
+
+(def: (initialize-pattern-matching stack-init)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list cursor) (ruby.array (list stack-init)))
+                     (ruby.set! (list savepoint) (ruby.array (list))))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-case translate valueS path)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) ls.Synthesis Code (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     pattern-matching (translate-pattern-matching translate path)]
+    (wrap (expression-block
+           (ruby.block! (list (initialize-pattern-matching valueO)
+                              pattern-matching))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/eval.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/eval.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bce63ce9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/eval.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [bit]
+             [maybe]
+             ["e" error #+ Error]
+             text/format
+             (coll [array]))
+       [host])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//])
+
+(host.import java/lang/Object
+  (toString [] String)
+  (getClass [] (Class Object)))
+
+(host.import java/lang/Long
+  (intValue [] Integer))
+
+(host.import org/jruby/RubyArray
+  (getLength [] int)
+  (get [int] #? Object))
+
+(host.import org/jruby/RubyHash
+  (get [Object] #? Object))
+
+(def: (tuple lux-object host-object)
+  (-> (-> Object (Error Top)) RubyArray (Error Top))
+  (let [size (:! Nat (RubyArray::getLength [] host-object))]
+    (loop [idx +0
+           output (:! (Array Top) (array.new size))]
+      (if (n/< size idx)
+        (case (RubyArray::get [(:! Int idx)] host-object)
+          #.None
+          (recur (n/inc idx) output)
+          
+          (#.Some value)
+          (case (lux-object value)
+            (#e.Error error)
+            (#e.Error error)
+
+            (#e.Success lux-value)
+            (recur (n/inc idx) (array.write idx lux-value output))))
+        (#e.Success output)))))
+
+(exception: #export Not-A-Variant)
+
+(def: (variant lux-object host-object)
+  (-> (-> Object (Error Top)) RubyHash (Error Top))
+  (case [(RubyHash::get [(:! Object //.variant-tag-field)] host-object)
+         (RubyHash::get [(:! Object //.variant-flag-field)] host-object)
+         (RubyHash::get [(:! Object //.variant-value-field)] host-object)]
+    (^multi [(#.Some tag) ?flag (#.Some value)]
+            [(lux-object value)
+             (#.Some value)])
+    (#e.Success [(Long::intValue [] (:! Long tag))
+                 (: Top (case ?flag (#.Some _) "" #.None (host.null)))
+                 value])
+
+    _
+    (ex.throw Not-A-Variant "")))
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Kind-Of-Host-Object)
+(exception: #export Null-Has-No-Lux-Representation)
+
+(def: (lux-object host-object)
+  (-> Object (Error Top))
+  (`` (cond (host.null? host-object)
+            (ex.throw Null-Has-No-Lux-Representation "")
+
+            (or (host.instance? java/lang/Boolean host-object)
+                (host.instance? java/lang/Long host-object)
+                (host.instance? java/lang/Double host-object)
+                (host.instance? java/lang/String host-object))
+            (ex.return host-object)
+
+            (host.instance? org/jruby/RubyArray host-object)
+            (tuple lux-object (:! RubyArray host-object))
+
+            (host.instance? org/jruby/RubyHash host-object)
+            (case (variant lux-object (:! RubyHash host-object))
+              (#e.Success value)
+              (#e.Success value)
+
+              _
+              (let [object-class (:! Text (Object::toString [] (Object::getClass [] (:! Object host-object))))
+                    text-representation (:! Text (Object::toString [] (:! Object host-object)))]
+                (ex.throw Unknown-Kind-Of-Host-Object (format object-class " --- " text-representation))))
+
+            ## else
+            (let [object-class (:! Text (Object::toString [] (Object::getClass [] (:! Object host-object))))
+                  text-representation (:! Text (Object::toString [] (:! Object host-object)))]
+              (ex.throw Unknown-Kind-Of-Host-Object (format object-class " --- " text-representation)))
+            )))
+
+(exception: #export Cannot-Evaluate)
+
+(def: #export (eval code)
+  (-> Expression (Meta Top))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [interpreter (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! //.Host) (get@ #//.interpreter))]
+      (case (interpreter code)
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
+                            "<< " code "\n"
+                            error))
+          ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler))
+
+        (#e.Success output)
+        (case (lux-object (:! Object output))
+          (#e.Success parsed-output)
+          (exec ## (log! (format "eval #e.Success\n"
+                ##               "<< " code))
+            (#e.Success [compiler parsed-output]))
+
+          (#e.Error error)
+          (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
+                              "<< " code "\n"
+                              error))
+            ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler)))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/expression.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/expression.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0e42c22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/expression.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                ["p" parser])
+       (data ["e" error]
+             text/format)
+       [macro]
+       (macro ["s" syntax]))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
+              [".L" extension]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" primitive]
+      [".T" structure]
+      [".T" function]
+      [".T" reference]
+      [".T" case]
+      [".T" procedure]))
+
+(exception: #export Invalid-Function-Syntax)
+(exception: #export Unrecognized-Synthesis)
+
+(def: #export (translate synthesis)
+  (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+  (case synthesis
+    (^code [])
+    (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap runtimeT.unit)
+
+    (^code [(~ singleton)])
+    (translate singleton)
+
+    (^template [<tag> <generator>]
+      [_ (<tag> value)]
+      (<generator> value))
+    ([#.Bool primitiveT.translate-bool]
+     [#.Nat  primitiveT.translate-nat]
+     [#.Int  primitiveT.translate-int]
+     [#.Deg  primitiveT.translate-deg]
+     [#.Frac primitiveT.translate-frac]
+     [#.Text primitiveT.translate-text])
+
+    (^code ((~ [_ (#.Nat tag)]) (~ [_ (#.Bool last?)]) (~ valueS)))
+    (structureT.translate-variant translate tag last? valueS)
+
+    (^code [(~+ members)])
+    (structureT.translate-tuple translate members)
+
+    (^ [_ (#.Form (list [_ (#.Int var)]))])
+    (referenceT.translate-variable var)
+
+    [_ (#.Symbol definition)]
+    (referenceT.translate-definition definition)
+
+    (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
+    (caseT.translate-let translate register inputS exprS)
+
+    (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
+    (caseT.translate-case translate inputS pathPS)
+
+    (^code ("lux function" (~ [_ (#.Nat arity)]) [(~+ environment)] (~ bodyS)))
+    (case (s.run environment (p.some s.int))
+      (#e.Success environment)
+      (functionT.translate-function translate environment arity bodyS)
+
+      _
+      (&.throw Invalid-Function-Syntax (%code synthesis)))
+
+    (^code ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS)))
+    (functionT.translate-apply translate functionS argsS)
+
+    (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
+    (procedureT.translate-procedure translate procedure argsS)
+    ## (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    ##   [translation (extensionL.find-translation procedure)]
+    ##   (translation argsS))
+
+    _
+    (&.throw Unrecognized-Synthesis (%code synthesis))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/function.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/function.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba349dedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/function.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [product]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" reference]
+      [".T" runtime]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-apply translate functionS argsS+)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) ls.Synthesis (List ls.Synthesis) (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [functionO (translate functionS)
+     argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+    (wrap (ruby.call argsO+ functionO))))
+
+(def: (input-declaration registers)
+  (-> (List Register) Statement)
+  (ruby.set! (list.concat (list (list/map (|>> n/inc referenceT.variable) registers)
+                                (list "_")))
+             "curried"))
+
+(def: (with-closure inits function-definition)
+  (-> (List Expression) Statement Expression)
+  (case inits
+    #.Nil
+    function-definition
+
+    _
+    (ruby.call inits
+               (ruby.lambda #.None
+                       (|> (list.enumerate inits)
+                           (list/map (|>> product.left referenceT.closure)))
+                       (ruby.return! function-definition)))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-function translate env arity bodyS)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+      (List Variable) ls.Arity ls.Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [[function-name bodyO] (//.with-sub-context
+                             (do @
+                               [function-name //.context]
+                               (//.with-anchor [function-name +1]
+                                 (translate bodyS))))
+     closureO+ (monad.map @ referenceT.translate-variable env)
+     #let [args-initsO+ (input-declaration (list.n/range +0 (n/dec arity)))
+           selfO (ruby.set! (list (referenceT.variable +0)) function-name)
+           arityO (|> arity nat-to-int %i)
+           limitO (|> arity n/dec nat-to-int %i)]]
+    (wrap (with-closure closureO+
+            (ruby.lambda (#.Some function-name)
+                    (list (ruby.splat "curried"))
+                    (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "num_args") (ruby.length "curried"))
+                                       (ruby.if! (ruby.= arityO "num_args")
+                                                 (ruby.block! (list selfO
+                                                                    args-initsO+
+                                                                    (ruby.while! (ruby.bool true)
+                                                                                 (ruby.return! bodyO))))
+                                                 (ruby.return! (let [recur (function [args] (ruby.call (list args) function-name))]
+                                                                 (ruby.? (ruby.> arityO "num_args")
+                                                                         (let [slice (function [from to]
+                                                                                       (ruby.array-range from to "curried"))
+                                                                               arity-args (ruby.splat (slice (ruby.int 0) limitO))
+                                                                               output-func-args (ruby.splat (slice arityO "num_args"))]
+                                                                           (ruby.call (list output-func-args)
+                                                                                      (recur arity-args)))
+                                                                         (ruby.lambda #.None
+                                                                                 (list (ruby.splat "extra"))
+                                                                                 (recur (ruby.splat (|> (ruby.array (list))
+                                                                                                        (ruby.send "concat" (list "curried"))
+                                                                                                        (ruby.send "concat" (list "extra")))))))))))))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/loop.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/loop.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4da02c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/loop.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat (List ls.Synthesis) ls.Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [loop-name (:: @ map (|>> %code lang.normalize-name)
+                   (macro.gensym "loop"))
+     initsO+ (monad.map @ translate initsS+)
+     bodyO (//.with-anchor [loop-name offset]
+             (translate bodyS))
+     #let [registersO+ (|> (list.n/range +0 (n/dec (list.size initsS+)))
+                           (list/map (|>> (n/+ offset) referenceT.variable)))]
+     _ (//.save (ruby.function! loop-name registersO+
+                                (ruby.return! bodyO)))]
+    (wrap (ruby.apply loop-name initsO+))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-recur translate argsS+)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) (List ls.Synthesis)
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [[loop-name offset] //.anchor
+     argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+    (wrap (ruby.apply loop-name argsO+))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15e68d8c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control pipe)
+       (data [number]
+             text/format)
+       [macro "meta/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc (lang (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement]))))
+
+(def: #export translate-bool
+  (-> Bool (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> %b meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-int
+  (-> Int (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> %i meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-nat
+  (-> Nat (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> (:! Int) %i meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-deg
+  (-> Deg (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> (:! Int) %i meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-frac
+  (-> Frac (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> (cond> [(f/= number.positive-infinity)]
+              [(new> "(1/0)")]
+              
+              [(f/= number.negative-infinity)]
+              [(new> "(-1/0)")]
+              
+              [(f/= number.not-a-number)]
+              [(new> "(0/0)")]
+              
+              ## else
+              [%f])
+       meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-text
+  (-> Text (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> %t meta/wrap))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7121ac98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [maybe]
+             text/format
+             (coll [dict])))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (/ ["/." common]
+     ["/." host]))
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Procedure)
+
+(def: procedures
+  /common.Bundle
+  (|> /common.procedures
+      (dict.merge /host.procedures)))
+
+(def: #export (translate-procedure translate name args)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Text (List ls.Synthesis)
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (<| (maybe.default (&.throw Unknown-Procedure (%t name)))
+      (do maybe.Monad<Maybe>
+        [proc (dict.get name procedures)]
+        (wrap (proc translate args)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/common.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fc0029eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                ["p" parser])
+       (data ["e" error]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro #+ with-gensyms]
+       (macro [code]
+              ["s" syntax #+ syntax:])
+       [host])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime]
+       [".T" case]
+       [".T" function]
+       [".T" loop]))
+
+## [Types]
+(type: #export Translator
+  (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Proc
+  (-> Translator (List ls.Synthesis) (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Bundle
+  (Dict Text Proc))
+
+(syntax: (Vector [size s.nat] elemT)
+  (wrap (list (` [(~+ (list.repeat size elemT))]))))
+
+(type: #export Nullary (-> (Vector +0 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Unary   (-> (Vector +1 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Binary  (-> (Vector +2 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Trinary (-> (Vector +3 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Variadic (-> (List Expression) Expression))
+
+## [Utils]
+(def: #export (install name unnamed)
+  (-> Text (-> Text Proc)
+      (-> Bundle Bundle))
+  (dict.put name (unnamed name)))
+
+(def: #export (prefix prefix bundle)
+  (-> Text Bundle Bundle)
+  (|> bundle
+      dict.entries
+      (list/map (function [[key val]] [(format prefix " " key) val]))
+      (dict.from-list text.Hash<Text>)))
+
+(def: (wrong-arity proc expected actual)
+  (-> Text Nat Nat Text)
+  (format "Wrong number of arguments for " (%t proc) "\n"
+          "Expected: " (|> expected nat-to-int %i) "\n"
+          "  Actual: " (|> actual nat-to-int %i)))
+
+(syntax: (arity: [name s.local-symbol] [arity s.nat])
+  (with-gensyms [g!proc g!name g!translate g!inputs]
+    (do @
+      [g!input+ (monad.seq @ (list.repeat arity (macro.gensym "input")))]
+      (wrap (list (` (def: #export ((~ (code.local-symbol name)) (~ g!proc))
+                       (-> (-> (..Vector (~ (code.nat arity)) Expression) Expression)
+                           (-> Text ..Proc))
+                       (function [(~ g!name)]
+                         (function [(~ g!translate) (~ g!inputs)]
+                           (case (~ g!inputs)
+                             (^ (list (~+ g!input+)))
+                             (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+                               [(~+ (|> g!input+
+                                        (list/map (function [g!input]
+                                                    (list g!input (` ((~ g!translate) (~ g!input))))))
+                                        list.concat))]
+                               ((~' wrap) ((~ g!proc) [(~+ g!input+)])))
+
+                             (~' _)
+                             (macro.fail (wrong-arity (~ g!name) +1 (list.size (~ g!inputs))))))))))))))
+
+(arity: nullary +0)
+(arity: unary +1)
+(arity: binary +2)
+(arity: trinary +3)
+
+(def: #export (variadic proc)
+  (-> Variadic (-> Text Proc))
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [inputsI (monad.map @ translate inputsS)]
+        (wrap (proc inputsI))))))
+
+## [Procedures]
+## [[Lux]]
+(def: (lux//is [leftO rightO])
+  Binary
+  (ruby.= leftO rightO))
+
+(def: (lux//if [testO thenO elseO])
+  Trinary
+  (caseT.translate-if testO thenO elseO))
+
+(def: (lux//try riskyO)
+  Unary
+  (runtimeT.lux//try riskyO))
+
+(def: (lux//noop valueO)
+  Unary
+  valueO)
+
+(exception: #export Wrong-Syntax)
+(def: #export (wrong-syntax procedure args)
+  (-> Text (List ls.Synthesis) Text)
+  (format "Procedure: " procedure "\n"
+          "Arguments: " (%code (code.tuple args))))
+
+(def: lux//loop
+  (-> Text Proc)
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (case (s.run inputsS ($_ p.seq s.nat (s.tuple (p.many s.any)) s.any))
+        (#e.Success [offset initsS+ bodyS])
+        (loopT.translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (&.throw Wrong-Syntax (wrong-syntax proc-name inputsS)))
+      )))
+
+(def: lux//recur
+  (-> Text Proc)
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (loopT.translate-recur translate inputsS))))
+
+(def: lux-procs
+  Bundle
+  (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+      (install "noop" (unary lux//noop))
+      (install "is" (binary lux//is))
+      (install "try" (unary lux//try))
+      (install "if" (trinary lux//if))
+      (install "loop" lux//loop)
+      (install "recur" lux//recur)
+      ))
+
+## [[Bits]]
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [bit//and ruby.bit-and]
+  [bit//or  ruby.bit-or]
+  [bit//xor ruby.bit-xor]
+  )
+
+(def: (bit//shift-left [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (ruby.bit-and "0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                (ruby.bit-shl paramO subjectO)))
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [bit//shift-right          ruby.bit-shr]
+  [bit//unsigned-shift-right runtimeT.bit//shift-right]
+  )
+
+(def: bit//count
+  Unary
+  runtimeT.bit//count)
+
+(def: bit-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "bit")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "count" (unary bit//count))
+          (install "and" (binary bit//and))
+          (install "or" (binary bit//or))
+          (install "xor" (binary bit//xor))
+          (install "shift-left" (binary bit//shift-left))
+          (install "unsigned-shift-right" (binary bit//unsigned-shift-right))
+          (install "shift-right" (binary bit//shift-right))
+          )))
+
+## [[Arrays]]
+(def: (array//new sizeO)
+  Unary
+  (ruby.apply "Array.new" (list sizeO)))
+
+(def: (array//get [arrayO idxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.array//get arrayO idxO))
+
+(def: (array//put [arrayO idxO elemO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO elemO))
+
+(def: (array//remove [arrayO idxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO ruby.nil))
+
+(def: array//size
+  Unary
+  ruby.length)
+
+(def: array-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "array")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary array//new))
+          (install "get" (binary array//get))
+          (install "put" (trinary array//put))
+          (install "remove" (binary array//remove))
+          (install "size" (unary array//size))
+          )))
+
+## [[Numbers]]
+(host.import java/lang/Double
+  (#static MIN_VALUE Double)
+  (#static MAX_VALUE Double))
+
+(do-template [<name> <const> <encode>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     (<encode> <const>))]
+
+  [nat//min                 0                           ruby.int]
+  [nat//max                -1                           ruby.int]
+
+  [frac//smallest          Double::MIN_VALUE            ruby.float]
+  [frac//min               (f/* -1.0 Double::MAX_VALUE) ruby.float]
+  [frac//max               Double::MAX_VALUE            ruby.float]
+
+  [deg//min                 0                           ruby.int]
+  [deg//max                -1                           ruby.int]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <expression>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     <expression>)]
+
+  [int//min (|> (ruby.int -2) (ruby.pow (ruby.int 63)))]
+  [int//max (|> (ruby.int 2) (ruby.pow (ruby.int 63)) (ruby.- (ruby.int 1)))]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <expression>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     <expression>)]
+
+  [frac//not-a-number      (ruby./ (ruby.float 0.0) (ruby.float 0.0))]
+  [frac//positive-infinity (ruby./ (ruby.float 0.0) (ruby.float 1.0))]
+  [frac//negative-infinity (ruby./ (ruby.float 0.0) (ruby.float -1.0))]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (ruby.bit-and "0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                   (<op> paramO subjectO)))]
+
+  [int//add        ruby.+]
+  [int//sub        ruby.-]
+  [int//mul        ruby.*]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [int//div        ruby./]
+  [int//rem        ruby.%]
+  
+  [nat//add        ruby.+]
+  [nat//sub        ruby.-]
+  [nat//mul        ruby.*]
+  [nat//div        runtimeT.nat///]
+  [nat//rem        runtimeT.nat//%]
+
+  [deg//add        ruby.+]
+  [deg//sub        ruby.-]
+  [deg//mul        runtimeT.deg//*]
+  [deg//div        runtimeT.deg///]
+  [deg//rem        ruby.-]
+  [deg//scale      ruby.*]
+  [deg//reciprocal ruby./]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [frac//add ruby.+]
+  [frac//sub ruby.-]
+  [frac//mul ruby.*]
+  [frac//div ruby./]
+  [frac//rem ruby.%]
+  [frac//=   ruby.=]
+  [frac//<   ruby.<]
+
+  [text//=   ruby.=]
+  [text//<   ruby.<]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <cmp>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<cmp> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [nat//= ruby.=]
+  [nat//< runtimeT.nat//<]
+  [int//= ruby.=]
+  [int//< ruby.<]
+  [deg//= ruby.=]
+  [deg//< runtimeT.nat//<])
+
+(do-template [<name>]
+  [(def: (<name> inputO)
+     Unary
+     inputO)]
+
+  [nat//to-int]
+  [int//to-nat]
+  )
+
+(def: frac//encode
+  Unary
+  (ruby.send "to_s" (list)))
+
+(def: (frac//decode inputO)
+  Unary
+  (ruby.call (list)
+             (ruby.lambda #.None (list)
+                     (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "input") inputO)
+                                        (ruby.set! (list "temp") (ruby.send "to_f" (list) "input"))
+                                        (ruby.if! (ruby.or (ruby.not (ruby.= (ruby.float 0.0) "temp"))
+                                                           (ruby.or (ruby.= (ruby.string "0") "input")
+                                                                    (ruby.= (ruby.string "0.0") "input")))
+                                                  (ruby.return! (runtimeT.some "temp"))
+                                                  (ruby.return! runtimeT.none)))))))
+
+(do-template [<name> <divisor>]
+  [(def: (<name> inputO)
+     Unary
+     (ruby./ <divisor> inputO))]
+
+  [int//to-frac (ruby.float 1.0)]
+  [deg//to-frac (ruby.send "to_f" (list)
+                           (ruby.bit-shl (ruby.int 32) (ruby.int 1)))]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <transform>]
+  [(def: <name>
+     Unary
+     <transform>)]
+
+  [frac//to-int (ruby.send "floor" (list))]
+  [frac//to-deg runtimeT.deg//from-frac]
+  )
+
+(def: nat//char
+  Unary
+  (ruby.send "chr" (list)))
+
+(def: nat-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "nat")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary nat//add))
+          (install "-" (binary nat//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary nat//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary nat//div))
+          (install "%" (binary nat//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary nat//=))
+          (install "<" (binary nat//<))
+          (install "min" (nullary nat//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary nat//max))
+          (install "to-int" (unary nat//to-int))
+          (install "char" (unary nat//char)))))
+
+(def: int-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "int")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary int//add))
+          (install "-" (binary int//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary int//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary int//div))
+          (install "%" (binary int//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary int//=))
+          (install "<" (binary int//<))
+          (install "min" (nullary int//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary int//max))
+          (install "to-nat" (unary int//to-nat))
+          (install "to-frac" (unary int//to-frac)))))
+
+(def: deg-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "deg")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary deg//add))
+          (install "-" (binary deg//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary deg//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary deg//div))
+          (install "%" (binary deg//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary deg//=))
+          (install "<" (binary deg//<))
+          (install "scale" (binary deg//scale))
+          (install "reciprocal" (binary deg//reciprocal))
+          (install "min" (nullary deg//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary deg//max))
+          (install "to-frac" (unary deg//to-frac)))))
+
+(def: frac-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "frac")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary frac//add))
+          (install "-" (binary frac//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary frac//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary frac//div))
+          (install "%" (binary frac//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary frac//=))
+          (install "<" (binary frac//<))
+          (install "smallest" (nullary frac//smallest))
+          (install "min" (nullary frac//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary frac//max))
+          (install "not-a-number" (nullary frac//not-a-number))
+          (install "positive-infinity" (nullary frac//positive-infinity))
+          (install "negative-infinity" (nullary frac//negative-infinity))
+          (install "to-deg" (unary frac//to-deg))
+          (install "to-int" (unary frac//to-int))
+          (install "encode" (unary frac//encode))
+          (install "decode" (unary frac//decode)))))
+
+## [[Text]]
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: <name>
+     Unary
+     (ruby.send <op> (list)))]
+
+  [text//size  "length"]
+  [text//upper "upcase"]
+  [text//lower "downcase"]
+  [text//trim  "strip"]
+  [text//hash  "hash"]
+  )
+
+(def: (text//concat [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (|> subjectO (ruby.+ paramO)))
+
+(def: (text//contains? [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (ruby.send "include?" (list paramO) subjectO))
+
+(def: (text//char [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.text//char subjectO paramO))
+
+(do-template [<name> <method>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO extraO])
+     Trinary
+     (ruby.send <method> (list paramO extraO) subjectO))]
+
+  [text//replace-all  "gsub"]
+  [text//replace-once "sub"]
+  )
+
+(def: (text//clip [subjectO paramO extraO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.text//clip subjectO paramO extraO))
+
+(def: (text//index [textO partO startO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.text//index textO partO startO))
+
+(def: text-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "text")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "=" (binary text//=))
+          (install "<" (binary text//<))
+          (install "concat" (binary text//concat))
+          (install "index" (trinary text//index))
+          (install "size" (unary text//size))
+          (install "hash" (unary text//hash))
+          (install "replace-once" (trinary text//replace-once))
+          (install "replace-all" (trinary text//replace-all))
+          (install "char" (binary text//char))
+          (install "clip" (trinary text//clip))
+          (install "upper" (unary text//upper))
+          (install "lower" (unary text//lower))
+          )))
+
+## [[Math]]
+(do-template [<name> <method>]
+  [(def: <name>
+     Unary
+     (|>> (list) (ruby.apply <method>)))]
+
+  [math//cos "Math.cos"]
+  [math//sin "Math.sin"]
+  [math//tan "Math.tan"]
+  [math//acos "Math.acos"]
+  [math//asin "Math.asin"]
+  [math//atan "Math.atan"]
+  [math//exp "Math.exp"]
+  [math//log "Math.log"]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <method>]
+  [(def: <name>
+     Unary
+     (ruby.send <method> (list)))]
+
+  [math//ceil "ceil"]
+  [math//floor "floor"]
+  )
+
+(def: (math//pow [inputO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (ruby.pow paramO inputO))
+
+(def: math-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "math")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "cos" (unary math//cos))
+          (install "sin" (unary math//sin))
+          (install "tan" (unary math//tan))
+          (install "acos" (unary math//acos))
+          (install "asin" (unary math//asin))
+          (install "atan" (unary math//atan))
+          (install "exp" (unary math//exp))
+          (install "log" (unary math//log))
+          (install "ceil" (unary math//ceil))
+          (install "floor" (unary math//floor))
+          (install "pow" (binary math//pow))
+          )))
+
+## [[IO]]
+(def: (io//log messageO)
+  Unary
+  (ruby.or (ruby.apply "puts" (list (ruby.+ (ruby.string "\n") messageO)))
+           runtimeT.unit))
+
+(def: io//error
+  Unary
+  ruby.raise)
+
+(def: io//exit
+  Unary
+  (|>> (list) (ruby.apply "exit")))
+
+(def: (io//current-time [])
+  Nullary
+  (|> "Time"
+      (ruby.send "now" (list))
+      (ruby.send "to_f" (list))
+      (ruby.* (ruby.float 1000.0))
+      (ruby.send "to_i" (list))))
+
+(def: io-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "io")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "log" (unary io//log))
+          (install "error" (unary io//error))
+          (install "exit" (unary io//exit))
+          (install "current-time" (nullary io//current-time)))))
+
+## [[Atoms]]
+(def: atom//new
+  Unary
+  (|>> [(ruby.string runtimeT.atom//field)] (list) ruby.dictionary))
+
+(def: atom//read
+  Unary
+  (ruby.nth (ruby.string runtimeT.atom//field)))
+
+(def: (atom//compare-and-swap [atomO oldO newO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.atom//compare-and-swap atomO oldO newO))
+
+(def: atom-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "atom")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary atom//new))
+          (install "read" (unary atom//read))
+          (install "compare-and-swap" (trinary atom//compare-and-swap)))))
+
+## [[Box]]
+(def: box//new
+  Unary
+  (|>> (list) ruby.array))
+
+(def: box//read
+  Unary
+  (ruby.nth (ruby.int 0)))
+
+(def: (box//write [valueO boxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.box//write valueO boxO))
+
+(def: box-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "box")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary box//new))
+          (install "read" (unary box//read))
+          (install "write" (binary box//write)))))
+
+## [[Processes]]
+(def: (process//concurrency-level [])
+  Nullary
+  (ruby.int 1))
+
+(def: process//future
+  Unary
+  runtimeT.process//future)
+
+(def: (process//schedule [milli-secondsO procedureO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.process//schedule milli-secondsO procedureO))
+
+(def: process-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "process")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "concurrency-level" (nullary process//concurrency-level))
+          (install "future" (unary process//future))
+          (install "schedule" (binary process//schedule))
+          )))
+
+## [Bundles]
+(def: #export procedures
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "lux")
+      (|> lux-procs
+          (dict.merge bit-procs)
+          (dict.merge nat-procs)
+          (dict.merge int-procs)
+          (dict.merge deg-procs)
+          (dict.merge frac-procs)
+          (dict.merge text-procs)
+          (dict.merge array-procs)
+          (dict.merge math-procs)
+          (dict.merge io-procs)
+          (dict.merge atom-procs)
+          (dict.merge box-procs)
+          (dict.merge process-procs)
+          )))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/host.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/host.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1b43da2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/procedure/host.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro "macro/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime])
+  (// ["@" common]))
+
+## (do-template [<name> <lua>]
+##   [(def: (<name> _) @.Nullary <lua>)]
+
+##   [lua//nil      "nil"]
+##   [lua//table    "{}"]
+##   )
+
+## (def: (lua//global proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list [_ (#.Text name)]))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       []
+##       (wrap name))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (lua//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& functionS argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [functionO (translate functionS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.apply functionO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: lua-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##       (@.install "nil" (@.nullary lua//nil))
+##       (@.install "table" (@.nullary lua//table))
+##       (@.install "global" lua//global)
+##       (@.install "call" lua//call)))
+
+## (def: (table//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& tableS [_ (#.Text field)] argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [tableO (translate tableS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.method field tableO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (table//get [fieldO tableO])
+##   @.Binary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//get tableO fieldO))
+
+## (def: (table//set [fieldO valueO tableO])
+##   @.Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//set tableO fieldO valueO))
+
+## (def: table-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (<| (@.prefix "table")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (@.install "call" table//call)
+##           (@.install "get" (@.binary table//get))
+##           (@.install "set" (@.trinary table//set)))))
+
+(def: #export procedures
+  @.Bundle
+  (<| (@.prefix "lua")
+      (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+      ## (|> lua-procs
+      ##     (dict.merge table-procs))
+      ))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/reference.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/reference.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9612cdb7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/reference.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux [macro]
+       (data [text]
+             text/format))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]))
+
+(do-template [<register> <translation> <prefix>]
+  [(def: #export (<register> register)
+     (-> Register Expression)
+     (format <prefix> (%i (nat-to-int register))))
+   
+   (def: #export (<translation> register)
+     (-> Register (Meta Expression))
+     (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap (<register> register)))]
+
+  [closure  translate-captured "c"]
+  [variable translate-local    "v"])
+
+(def: #export (translate-variable var)
+  (-> Variable (Meta Expression))
+  (if (variableL.captured? var)
+    (translate-captured (variableL.captured-register var))
+    (translate-local (int-to-nat var))))
+
+(def: #export global
+  (-> Ident Expression)
+  //.definition-name)
+
+(def: #export (translate-definition name)
+  (-> Ident (Meta Expression))
+  (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap (ruby.global (global name))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/runtime.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/runtime.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..190b9cf6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/runtime.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["p" parser "p/" Monad<Parser>]
+                [monad #+ do])
+       (data text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Monad<List>]))
+       [macro]
+       (macro [code]
+              ["s" syntax #+ syntax:])
+       [io #+ Process])
+  [//]
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement]))))
+
+(def: prefix Text "LuxRuntime")
+
+(def: #export unit Expression (%t //.unit))
+
+(def: (flag value)
+  (-> Bool Ruby)
+  (if value
+    (ruby.string "")
+    ruby.nil))
+
+(def: (variant' tag last? value)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (ruby.dictionary (list [(ruby.string //.variant-tag-field) tag]
+                         [(ruby.string //.variant-flag-field) last?]
+                         [(ruby.string //.variant-value-field) value])))
+
+(def: #export (variant tag last? value)
+  (-> Nat Bool Expression Expression)
+  (variant' (%i (nat-to-int tag)) (flag last?) value))
+
+(def: #export none
+  Expression
+  (variant +0 false unit))
+
+(def: #export some
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +1 true))
+
+(def: #export left
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +0 false))
+
+(def: #export right
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +1 true))
+
+(type: Runtime Ruby)
+
+(def: declaration
+  (s.Syntax [Text (List Text)])
+  (p.either (p.seq s.local-symbol (p/wrap (list)))
+            (s.form (p.seq s.local-symbol (p.some s.local-symbol)))))
+
+(syntax: (runtime: [[name args] declaration]
+           definition)
+  (let [implementation (code.local-symbol (format "@@" name))
+        runtime (code.text (format "__" prefix "__" (lang.normalize-name name)))
+        argsC+ (list/map code.local-symbol args)
+        argsLC+ (list/map (|>> lang.normalize-name code.text) args)
+        declaration (` ((~ (code.local-symbol name))
+                        (~+ argsC+)))
+        type (` (-> (~+ (list.repeat (list.size argsC+) (` ruby.Ruby)))
+                    ruby.Ruby))]
+    (wrap (list (` (def: #export (~ declaration)
+                     (~ type)
+                     (ruby.apply (~ runtime) (list (~+ argsC+)))))
+                (` (def: (~ implementation)
+                     Ruby
+                     (~ (case argsC+
+                          #.Nil
+                          (` (ruby.set! (list (~ runtime)) (~ definition)))
+
+                          _
+                          (` (let [(~' @) (~ runtime)
+                                   (~+ (|> (list.zip2 argsC+ argsLC+)
+                                           (list/map (function [[left right]] (list left right)))
+                                           list/join))]
+                               (ruby.function! (~ runtime)
+                                               (list (~+ argsLC+))
+                                               (~ definition))))))))))))
+
+(runtime: (lux//try op)
+  (ruby.begin! (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "value") (ruby.call (list unit) op))
+                                  (ruby.return! (right "value"))))
+               (list [(list) "error"
+                      (ruby.return! (left (ruby.field "message" "error")))])))
+
+(runtime: (lux//program-args program-args)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "inputs") none)
+                     (ruby.for-in! "value" program-args
+                                   (ruby.set! (list "inputs") (some (ruby.array (list "value" "inputs")))))
+                     (ruby.return! "inputs"))))
+
+(def: runtime//lux
+  Runtime
+  (format @@lux//try "\n"
+          @@lux//program-args "\n"))
+
+(runtime: (product//left product index)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "index_min_length") (ruby.+ (ruby.int 1) index))
+                     (ruby.if! (ruby.> "index_min_length" (ruby.length product))
+                               ## No need for recursion
+                               (ruby.return! (ruby.nth index product))
+                               ## Needs recursion
+                               (ruby.return! (product//left (ruby.nth (ruby.- (ruby.int 1)
+                                                                              (ruby.length product))
+                                                                      product)
+                                                            (ruby.- (ruby.length product)
+                                                                    "index_min_length")))))))
+
+(runtime: (product//right product index)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "index_min_length") (ruby.+ (ruby.int 1) index))
+                     (ruby.cond! (list [(ruby.= "index_min_length" (ruby.length product))
+                                        ## Last element.
+                                        (ruby.return! (ruby.nth index product))]
+                                       [(ruby.< "index_min_length" (ruby.length product))
+                                        ## Needs recursion
+                                        (ruby.return! (product//right (ruby.nth (ruby.- (ruby.int 1)
+                                                                                        (ruby.length product))
+                                                                                product)
+                                                                      (ruby.- (ruby.length product)
+                                                                              "index_min_length")))])
+                                 ## Must slice
+                                 (ruby.return! (ruby.array-range index (ruby.length product) product))))))
+
+(runtime: (sum//get sum wantedTag wantsLast)
+  (let [no-match! (ruby.return! ruby.nil)
+        sum-tag (ruby.nth (ruby.string //.variant-tag-field) sum)
+        sum-flag (ruby.nth (ruby.string //.variant-flag-field) sum)
+        sum-value (ruby.nth (ruby.string //.variant-value-field) sum)
+        is-last? (ruby.= (ruby.string "") sum-flag)
+        test-recursion! (ruby.if! is-last?
+                                  ## Must recurse.
+                                  (ruby.return! (sum//get sum-value (ruby.- sum-tag wantedTag) wantsLast))
+                                  no-match!)]
+    (ruby.cond! (list [(ruby.= sum-tag wantedTag)
+                       (ruby.if! (ruby.= wantsLast sum-flag)
+                                 (ruby.return! sum-value)
+                                 test-recursion!)]
+
+                      [(ruby.> sum-tag wantedTag)
+                       test-recursion!]
+
+                      [(ruby.and (ruby.< sum-tag wantedTag)
+                                 (ruby.= (ruby.string "") wantsLast))
+                       (ruby.return! (variant' (ruby.- wantedTag sum-tag) sum-flag sum-value))])
+
+                no-match!)))
+
+(def: runtime//adt
+  Runtime
+  (format @@product//left "\n"
+          @@product//right "\n"
+          @@sum//get "\n"))
+
+(runtime: (bit//count subject)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "count") (ruby.int 0))
+                     (ruby.while! (ruby.> (ruby.int 0) subject)
+                                  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "count") (ruby.+ (ruby.% (ruby.int 2) subject)
+                                                                                       "count"))
+                                                     (ruby.set! (list subject) (ruby./ (ruby.int 2) subject)))))
+                     (ruby.return! "count"))))
+
+(runtime: (bit//shift-right param subject)
+  (let [mask (|> (ruby.int 1)
+                 (ruby.bit-shl (ruby.- param (ruby.int 64)))
+                 (ruby.- (ruby.int 1)))]
+    (ruby.return! (|> subject
+                      (ruby.bit-shr param)
+                      (ruby.bit-and mask)))))
+
+(def: runtime//bit
+  Runtime
+  (format @@bit//count
+          @@bit//shift-right))
+
+(def: high (-> Expression Expression) (bit//shift-right (ruby.int 32)))
+(def: low  (-> Expression Expression) (ruby.bit-and "0xFFFFFFFF"))
+
+(runtime: (nat//< param subject)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "ph") (high param))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "sh") (high subject))
+                     (ruby.return! (ruby.or (ruby.< "ph" "sh")
+                                            (ruby.and (ruby.= "ph" "sh")
+                                                      (ruby.< (low param) (low subject))))))))
+
+(runtime: (nat/// param subject)
+  (ruby.if! (ruby.< (ruby.int 0) param)
+            (ruby.if! (nat//< param subject)
+                      (ruby.return! (ruby.int 0))
+                      (ruby.return! (ruby.int 1)))
+            (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "quotient") (|> subject
+                                                                (ruby.bit-shr (ruby.int 1))
+                                                                (ruby./ param)
+                                                                (ruby.bit-shl (ruby.int 1))))
+                               (ruby.set! (list "remainder") (ruby.- (ruby.* param "quotient")
+                                                                     subject))
+                               (ruby.if! (ruby.not (nat//< param "remainder"))
+                                         (ruby.return! (ruby.+ (ruby.int 1) "quotient"))
+                                         (ruby.return! "quotient"))))))
+
+(runtime: (nat//% param subject)
+  (let [flat (|> subject
+                 (nat/// param)
+                 (ruby.* param))]
+    (ruby.return! (ruby.- flat subject))))
+
+(def: runtime//nat
+  Runtime
+  (format @@nat//<
+          @@nat///
+          @@nat//%))
+
+(runtime: (deg//* param subject)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "sL") (low subject))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "sH") (high subject))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "pL") (low param))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "pH") (high param))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "bottom") (bit//shift-right (ruby.int 32)
+                                                                  (ruby.* "pL" "sL")))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "middle") (ruby.+ (ruby.* "pL" "sH")
+                                                        (ruby.* "pH" "sL")))
+                     (ruby.set! (list "top") (ruby.* "pH" "sH"))
+                     (ruby.return! (|> "bottom"
+                                       (ruby.+ "middle")
+                                       high
+                                       (ruby.+ "top"))))))
+
+(runtime: (deg//leading-zeroes input)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "zeroes") (ruby.int 64))
+                     (ruby.while! (ruby.not (ruby.= (ruby.int 0) input))
+                                  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "zeroes") (ruby.- (ruby.int 1) "zeroes"))
+                                                     (ruby.set! (list input) (bit//shift-right (ruby.int 1) input)))))
+                     (ruby.return! "zeroes"))))
+
+(runtime: (deg/// param subject)
+  (ruby.if! (ruby.= param subject)
+            (ruby.return! (ruby.int -1))
+            (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "min_shift")
+                                          (ruby.send "min" (list)
+                                                     (ruby.array (list (deg//leading-zeroes param)
+                                                                       (deg//leading-zeroes subject)))))
+                               (ruby.return! (|> (ruby.bit-shl "min_shift" subject)
+                                                 (ruby./ (|> param (ruby.bit-shl "min_shift") low))
+                                                 (ruby.bit-shl (ruby.int 32))))))))
+
+(runtime: (deg//from-frac input)
+  (let [->int (ruby.send "floor" (list))]
+    (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "two32") (ruby.pow (ruby.float 32.0) (ruby.float 2.0)))
+                       (ruby.set! (list "shifted") (|> input
+                                                       (ruby.% (ruby.float 1.0))
+                                                       (ruby.* "two32")))
+                       (ruby.set! (list "low") (|> "shifted"
+                                                   (ruby.% (ruby.float 1.0))
+                                                   (ruby.* "two32")
+                                                   ->int))
+                       (ruby.set! (list "high") (|> "shifted" ->int))
+                       (ruby.return! (ruby.+ (ruby.bit-shl (ruby.int 32) "high")
+                                             "low"))))))
+
+(def: runtime//deg
+  Runtime
+  (format @@deg//*
+          @@deg//leading-zeroes
+          @@deg///
+          @@deg//from-frac))
+
+(runtime: (text//index subject param start)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "idx") (ruby.send "index" (list param start) subject))
+                     (ruby.if! (ruby.= ruby.nil "idx")
+                               (ruby.return! none)
+                               (ruby.return! (some "idx"))))))
+
+(runtime: (text//clip text from to)
+  (ruby.if! ($_ ruby.and
+                (ruby.>= (ruby.int 0) from)
+                (ruby.< (ruby.send "length" (list) text) from)
+                (ruby.>= (ruby.int 0) to)
+                (ruby.< (ruby.send "length" (list) text) to)
+                (ruby.<= to from))
+            (ruby.return! (some (ruby.array-range from to text)))
+            (ruby.return! none)))
+
+(runtime: (text//char text idx)
+  (ruby.if! (ruby.and (ruby.>= (ruby.int 0) idx)
+                      (ruby.< (ruby.send "length" (list) text) idx))
+            (ruby.return! (some (ruby.send "ord" (list)
+                                           (ruby.array-range idx idx text))))
+            (ruby.return! none)))
+
+(def: runtime//text
+  Runtime
+  (format @@text//index
+          @@text//clip
+          @@text//char))
+
+(def: (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx body!)
+  (-> Expression Expression Statement Statement)
+  (ruby.if! (ruby.<= (ruby.length array)
+                     idx)
+            body!
+            (ruby.raise (ruby.string "Array index out of bounds!"))))
+
+(runtime: (array//get array idx)
+  (<| (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx)
+      (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set! (list "temp") (ruby.nth idx array))
+                         (ruby.if! (ruby.= ruby.nil "temp")
+                                   (ruby.return! none)
+                                   (ruby.return! (some "temp")))))))
+
+(runtime: (array//put array idx value)
+  (<| (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx)
+      (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set-nth! idx value array)
+                         (ruby.return! array)))))
+
+(def: runtime//array
+  Runtime
+  (format @@array//get
+          @@array//put))
+
+(def: #export atom//field Text "_lux_atom")
+
+(runtime: (atom//compare-and-swap atom old new)
+  (let [atom//field (ruby.string atom//field)]
+    (ruby.if! (ruby.= old (ruby.nth atom//field atom))
+              (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set-nth! atom//field new atom)
+                                 (ruby.return! (ruby.bool true))))
+              (ruby.return! (ruby.bool false)))))
+
+(def: runtime//atom
+  Runtime
+  (format @@atom//compare-and-swap "\n"))
+
+(runtime: (box//write value box)
+  (ruby.block! (list (ruby.set-nth! (ruby.int 0) value box)
+                     (ruby.return! ..unit))))
+
+(def: runtime//box
+  Runtime
+  (format @@box//write))
+
+(runtime: (process//future procedure)
+  (ruby.and (format "(Thread.new {"
+                    (ruby.statement (ruby.call (list ..unit) procedure))
+                    "})")
+            ..unit))
+
+(runtime: (process//schedule milli-seconds procedure)
+  (ruby.and (format "(Thread.new {"
+                    (ruby.statement (ruby.apply "sleep" (list (ruby./ (ruby.float 1_000.0) milli-seconds))))
+                    (ruby.statement (ruby.call (list ..unit) procedure))
+                    "})")
+            ..unit))
+
+(def: runtime//process
+  Runtime
+  (format @@process//future
+          @@process//schedule))
+
+(def: runtime
+  Runtime
+  (format runtime//lux "\n"
+          runtime//adt "\n"
+          runtime//bit "\n"
+          runtime//nat "\n"
+          runtime//deg "\n"
+          runtime//text "\n"
+          runtime//array "\n"
+          runtime//atom "\n"
+          runtime//box "\n"
+          runtime//process "\n"
+          ))
+
+(def: #export artifact Text (format prefix ".rb"))
+
+(def: #export translate
+  (Meta (Process Unit))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [_ //.init-module-buffer
+     _ (//.save runtime)]
+    (//.save-module! artifact)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/statement.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/statement.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f2cdef06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/statement.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       [macro]
+       (data text/format))
+  (luxc (lang [".L" module]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" reference]
+      [".T" eval]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-def name expressionT expressionO metaV)
+  (-> Text Type Expression Code (Meta Unit))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [current-module macro.current-module-name
+     #let [def-ident [current-module name]]]
+    (case (macro.get-symbol-ann (ident-for #.alias) metaV)
+      (#.Some real-def)
+      (do @
+        [[realT realA realV] (macro.find-def real-def)
+         _ (moduleL.define def-ident [realT metaV realV])]
+        (wrap []))
+
+      _
+      (do @
+        [#let [def-name (referenceT.global def-ident)]
+         _ (//.save (ruby.global! def-name expressionO))
+         expressionV (evalT.eval (ruby.global def-name))
+         _ (moduleL.define def-ident [expressionT metaV expressionV])
+         _ (if (macro.type? metaV)
+             (case (macro.declared-tags metaV)
+               #.Nil
+               (wrap [])
+
+               tags
+               (moduleL.declare-tags tags (macro.export? metaV) (:! Type expressionV)))
+             (wrap []))
+         #let [_ (log! (format "DEF " (%ident def-ident)))]]
+        (wrap []))
+      )))
+
+(def: #export (translate-program programO)
+  (-> Expression (Meta Statement))
+  (macro.fail "translate-program NOT IMPLEMENTED YET")
+  ## (hostT.save (format "var " (referenceT.variable +0) " = " runtimeT.lux//program-args "();"
+  ##                     "(" programO ")(null);"))
+  )
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/structure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/structure.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bf7c9e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/structure.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format)
+       [macro])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [synthesis #+ Synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-tuple translate elemsS+)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) (List Synthesis) (Meta Expression))
+  (case elemsS+
+    #.Nil
+    (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap runtimeT.unit)
+
+    (#.Cons singletonS #.Nil)
+    (translate singletonS)
+
+    _
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [elemsT+ (monad.map @ translate elemsS+)]
+      (wrap (ruby.array elemsT+)))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-variant translate tag tail? valueS)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat Bool Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueT (translate valueS)]
+    (wrap (runtimeT.variant tag tail? valueT))))