Almost done with PHP.

29 files changed, 1379 insertions, 479 deletions

diff --git a/compilers.md b/compilers.md
index d757f123b..ae558bbea 100644
--- a/compilers.md
+++ b/compilers.md
@@ -11,9 +11,17 @@ cd ~/lux/lux-php/ && lein clean && lein lux auto test
 
 ```
 ## Develop
+## NOTE: Must set lux/control/concurrency/thread.parallelism = 1 before compiling to make sure JPHP doesn't cause trouble.
 cd ~/lux/lux-php/ \
 && lein clean \
 && lein lux auto build
+
+## Build JVM-based compiler
+## NOTE: Must set lux/control/concurrency/thread.parallelism = 1 before compiling to make sure JPHP doesn't cause trouble.
+cd ~/lux/lux-php/ \
+&& lein clean \
+&& lein lux build \
+&& mv target/program.jar jvm_based_compiler.jar
 ```
 
 ## Try
diff --git a/lux-php/source/program.lux b/lux-php/source/program.lux
index 29fadec16..14a1646a0 100644
--- a/lux-php/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-php/source/program.lux
@@ -222,12 +222,8 @@
   (php/runtime/memory/StringMemory::new ""))
 
 (def: (lux_structure value)
-  (-> (Array java/lang/Object)
-      ## php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-      php/runtime/Memory
-      )
+  (-> (Array java/lang/Object) php/runtime/Memory)
   (`` (host.object [] php/runtime/Memory
-        ## php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
         [program/StructureValue]
         [{php/runtime/Memory$Type php/runtime/Memory$Type::ARRAY}]
         ## Methods
@@ -240,54 +236,6 @@
          java/lang/String
          (debug.inspect value))
 
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (get self {key php/runtime/Memory})
-        ##  php/runtime/Memory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#get}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (getOrCreate self {key php/runtime/Memory})
-        ##  php/runtime/memory/ReferenceMemory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#getOrCreate}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (getOrCreateAsShortcut self {key php/runtime/Memory})
-        ##  php/runtime/memory/ReferenceMemory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#getOrCreateAsShortcut}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (getByScalarOrCreateAsShortcut self {key java/lang/Object})
-        ##  php/runtime/memory/ReferenceMemory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#getByScalarOrCreateAsShortcut}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (getByScalarOrCreate self {key java/lang/Object})
-        ##  php/runtime/memory/ReferenceMemory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#getByScalarOrCreate}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
-        ## (php/runtime/memory/ArrayMemory
-        ##  [] (getByScalar self {key java/lang/Object})
-        ##  php/runtime/memory/ReferenceMemory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#getByScalar}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object key)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
         (php/runtime/Memory
          [] (valueOfIndex self
                           {trace php/runtime/env/TraceInfo}
@@ -312,16 +260,6 @@
                        ))
                  (undefined))))
 
-        ## (php/runtime/Memory
-        ##  [] (valueOfIndexAsShortcut self
-        ##                             {trace php/runtime/env/TraceInfo}
-        ##                             {index php/runtime/Memory})
-        ##  php/runtime/Memory
-        ##  (exec
-        ##    (debug.log! (format "{lux_structure#valueOfIndexAsShortcut}" text.new_line
-        ##                        (exception.construct ..unknown_kind_of_object index)))
-        ##    (error! "OOPS!")))
-
         (php/runtime/Memory
          [] (valueOfIndex self
                           {trace php/runtime/env/TraceInfo}
@@ -488,14 +426,6 @@
    (new [])])
 
 (def: (ensure_macro macro)
-  ## (-> Macro (Maybe php/runtime/lang/Closure))
-  ## (do maybe.monad
-  ##   [object_memory (|> macro
-  ##                      (:coerce java/lang/Object)
-  ##                      (host.check php/runtime/memory/ObjectMemory))]
-  ##   (|> object_memory
-  ##       php/runtime/memory/ObjectMemory::value
-  ##       (host.check php/runtime/lang/Closure)))
   (-> Macro (Maybe php/runtime/memory/ObjectMemory))
   (|> macro
       (:coerce java/lang/Object)
@@ -540,32 +470,20 @@
   (io (let [run! (: (-> (_.Code Any) (Try Any))
                     (function (recur code)
                       (do try.monad
-                        [output (case (javax/script/ScriptEngine::eval (format "<?php " (_.code code)) ..interpreter)
-                                  (#try.Success output)
-                                  (#try.Success output)
-
-                                  (#try.Failure error)
-                                  (exec
-                                    ("lux io log" "(#try.Failure error)")
-                                    ("lux io log" (_.code code))
-                                    (#try.Failure error)))]
+                        [output (javax/script/ScriptEngine::eval (format "<?php " (_.code code)) ..interpreter)]
                         (..read output))))]
         (: (Host _.Expression _.Statement)
            (structure
             (def: (evaluate! context code)
               (run! (_.return code)))
             
-            (def: (execute! code)
-              (exec
-                ("lux io log" (_.code code))
-                (run! code)))
+            (def: execute! run!)
             
             (def: (define! context input)
               (let [global (reference.artifact context)
                     @global (_.global global)]
                 (do try.monad
-                  [#let [definition (_.; (_.set @global input))
-                         _ ("lux io log" (_.code definition))]
+                  [#let [definition (_.; (_.set @global input))]
                    _ (run! definition)
                    value (run! (_.return @global))]
                   (wrap [global value definition]))))
@@ -582,7 +500,7 @@
                 (run! (_.return (_.var (reference.artifact context)))))))))))
 
 (def: platform
-  (IO (Platform _.Location _.Expression _.Statement))
+  (IO (Platform [Nat _.Label] _.Expression _.Statement))
   (do io.monad
     [host ..host]
     (wrap {#platform.&file_system (file.async file.default)
@@ -660,7 +578,7 @@
                                  generation.bundle
                                  extension/bundle.empty
                                  ..program
-                                 [_.Location _.Expression _.Statement]
+                                 [(& Nat _.Label) _.Expression _.Statement]
                                  ..extender
                                  service
                                  [(packager.package (_.manual "")
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/atom.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/atom.lux
index 350554437..8a46413da 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/atom.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/atom.lux
@@ -26,17 +26,21 @@
 (with_expansions [<new> (for {@.js "js array new"
                               @.python "python array new"
                               @.lua "lua array new"
-                              @.ruby "ruby array new"}
+                              @.ruby "ruby array new"
+                              @.php "php array new"}
                              (as_is))
                   <write> (for {@.js "js array write"
                                 @.python "python array write"
                                 @.lua "lua array write"
-                                @.ruby "ruby array write"}
+                                @.ruby "ruby array write"
+                                @.php "php array write"}
                                (as_is))
+                  
                   <read> (for {@.js "js array read"
                                @.python "python array read"
                                @.lua "lua array read"
-                               @.ruby "ruby array read"}
+                               @.ruby "ruby array read"
+                               @.php "php array read"}
                               (as_is))]
   (abstract: #export (Atom a)
     (with_expansions [<jvm> (java/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicReference a)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/control/thread.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/control/thread.lux
index 6be40ef63..52c0062eb 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/control/thread.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/control/thread.lux
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
             @.js ("js array read" 0 (:representation box))
             @.python ("python array read" 0 (:representation box))
             @.lua ("lua array read" 0 (:representation box))
-            @.ruby ("ruby array read" 0 (:representation box))})))
+            @.ruby ("ruby array read" 0 (:representation box))
+            @.php ("php array read" 0 (:representation box))})))
 
   (def: #export (write value box)
     (All [a] (-> a (All [!] (-> (Box ! a) (Thread ! Any)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/array.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/array.lux
index b9162e53a..73c6767e4 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/array.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/array.lux
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@
           @.js ("js array new" size)
           @.python ("python array new" size)
           @.lua ("lua array new" size)
-          @.ruby ("ruby array new" size)}))
+          @.ruby ("ruby array new" size)
+          @.php ("php array new" size)}))
 
   (def: #export (size array)
     (All [a] (-> (Array a) Nat))
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@
           @.js ("js array length" array)
           @.python ("python array length" array)
           @.lua ("lua array length" array)
-          @.ruby ("ruby array length" array)}))
+          @.ruby ("ruby array length" array)
+          @.php ("php array length" array)}))
 
   (template: (!read <read> <null?>)
     (let [output (<read> index array)]
@@ -96,7 +98,8 @@
             @.js (!read "js array read" "js object undefined?")
             @.python (!read "python array read" "python object none?")
             @.lua (!read "lua array read" "lua object nil?")
-            @.ruby (!read "ruby array read" "ruby object nil?")})
+            @.ruby (!read "ruby array read" "ruby object nil?")
+            @.php (!read "php array read" "php object null?")})
       #.None))
 
   (def: #export (write! index value array)
@@ -114,7 +117,8 @@
           @.js ("js array write" index value array)
           @.python ("python array write" index value array)
           @.lua ("lua array write" index value array)
-          @.ruby ("ruby array write" index value array)}))
+          @.ruby ("ruby array write" index value array)
+          @.php ("php array write" index value array)}))
 
   (def: #export (delete! index array)
     (All [a]
@@ -129,7 +133,8 @@
             @.js ("js array delete" index array)
             @.python ("python array delete" index array)
             @.lua ("lua array delete" index array)
-            @.ruby ("ruby array delete" index array)})
+            @.ruby ("ruby array delete" index array)
+            @.php ("php array delete" index array)})
       array))
   )
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/data/text/encoding.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/data/text/encoding.lux
index 88bbea138..4622c8be9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/data/text/encoding.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/data/text/encoding.lux
@@ -201,7 +201,11 @@
                  (bytes [] Binary))
 
                (host.import: Array #as RubyArray
-                 (pack [Text] RubyString)))}
+                 (pack [Text] RubyString)))
+
+        @.php
+        (as_is (host.import: (unpack [host.String host.String] Binary))
+               (def: php_byte_array_format "C*"))}
        (as_is)))
 
 (def: (utf8\encode value)
@@ -242,7 +246,10 @@
         (|> value
             (:coerce RubyString)
             (RubyString::encode ["UTF-8"])
-            (RubyString::bytes []))}))
+            (RubyString::bytes []))
+
+        @.php
+        (..unpack [..php_byte_array_format value])}))
 
 (def: (utf8\decode value)
   (-> Binary (Try Text))
@@ -278,6 +285,11 @@
               (RubyArray::pack ["C*"])
               (:coerce RubyString)
               (RubyString::force_encoding ["UTF-8"])
+              #try.Success)
+
+          @.php
+          (|> value
+              ("php pack" ..php_byte_array_format)
               #try.Success)})))
 
 (structure: #export utf8
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/debug.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/debug.lux
index 47d62fd34..29919a588 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/debug.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/debug.lux
@@ -85,7 +85,12 @@
         (as_is (import: Class)
 
                (import: Object
-                 (type [] Class)))}))
+                 (type [] Class)))
+
+        @.php
+        (as_is (import: (gettype [.Any] host.String))
+               (import: (strval [.Any] host.String)))
+        }))
 
 (def: Inspector (-> Any Text))
 
@@ -195,7 +200,7 @@
                     (if (or ("python object none?" variant_tag)
                             ("python object none?" variant_value))
                       (..str value)
-                      (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Int) %.int)
+                      (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Nat) %.nat)
                                   " " (|> variant_flag "python object none?" not %.bit)
                                   " " (inspect variant_value))
                           (text.enclose ["(" ")"]))))
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@
               (if (not (or ("lua object nil?" variant_tag)
                            ("lua object nil?" variant_flag)
                            ("lua object nil?" variant_value)))
-                (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Int) %.int)
+                (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Nat) %.nat)
                             " " (%.bit (not ("lua object nil?" variant_flag)))
                             " " (inspect variant_value))
                     (text.enclose ["(" ")"]))
@@ -260,7 +265,7 @@
                           (if (not (or ("ruby object nil?" variant_tag)
                                        ("ruby object nil?" variant_flag)
                                        ("ruby object nil?" variant_value)))
-                            (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Int) %.int)
+                            (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Nat) %.nat)
                                         " " (%.bit (not ("ruby object nil?" variant_flag)))
                                         " " (inspect variant_value))
                                 (text.enclose ["(" ")"]))
@@ -271,6 +276,34 @@
 
                         ## else
                         (:coerce Text ("ruby object do" "to_s" value))))))
+
+          @.php
+          (case (..gettype value)
+            (^template [<type_of> <then>]
+              [<type_of>
+               (`` (|> value (~~ (template.splice <then>))))])
+            (["boolean" [(:coerce .Bit) %.bit]]
+             ["integer" [(:coerce .Int) %.int]]
+             ["double" [(:coerce .Frac) %.frac]]
+             ["string" [(:coerce .Text) %.text]]
+             ["NULL" [(new> "null" [])]]
+             ["array" [(inspect_tuple inspect)]])
+
+            "object"
+            (let [variant_tag ("php object get" "_lux_tag" value)
+                  variant_flag ("php object get" "_lux_flag" value)
+                  variant_value ("php object get" "_lux_value" value)]
+              (if (not (or ("php object null?" variant_tag)
+                           ("php object null?" variant_flag)
+                           ("php object null?" variant_value)))
+                (|> (format (|> variant_tag (:coerce .Nat) %.nat)
+                            " " (%.bit (not ("php object null?" variant_flag)))
+                            " " (inspect variant_value))
+                    (text.enclose ["(" ")"]))
+                (..strval value)))
+
+            _
+            (..strval value))
           })))
 
 (exception: #export (cannot_represent_value {type Type})
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/host.php.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/host.php.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac0daf9c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/host.php.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux (#- Alias)
+   ["." meta]
+   ["@" target]
+   [abstract
+    [monad (#+ do)]]
+   [control
+    ["." io]
+    ["<>" parser ("#\." monad)
+     ["<.>" code (#+ Parser)]]]
+   [data
+    ["." product]
+    ["." maybe]
+    ["." text
+     ["%" format (#+ format)]]
+    [collection
+     ["." list ("#\." functor fold)]]]
+   [type
+    abstract]
+   [macro (#+ with_gensyms)
+    [syntax (#+ syntax:)]
+    ["." code]
+    ["." template]]])
+
+(abstract: #export (Object brand) Any)
+
+(template [<name>]
+  [(with_expansions [<brand> (template.identifier [<name> "'"])]
+     (abstract: #export <brand> Any)
+     (type: #export <name>
+       (..Object <brand>)))]
+
+  [Null]
+  [Function]
+  )
+
+(template [<name> <type>]
+  [(type: #export <name>
+     <type>)]
+
+  [Boolean Bit]
+  [Integer Int]
+  [Float   Frac]
+  [String  Text]
+  )
+
+(type: Nullable
+  [Bit Code])
+
+(def: nullable
+  (Parser Nullable)
+  (let [token (' #?)]
+    (<| (<>.and (<>.parses? (<code>.this! token)))
+        (<>.after (<>.not (<code>.this! token)))
+        <code>.any)))
+
+(type: Alias
+  Text)
+
+(def: alias
+  (Parser Alias)
+  (<>.after (<code>.this! (' #as)) <code>.local_identifier))
+
+(type: Field
+  [Bit Text (Maybe Alias) Nullable])
+
+(def: static!
+  (Parser Any)
+  (<code>.this! (' #static)))
+
+(def: field
+  (Parser Field)
+  (<code>.form ($_ <>.and
+                   (<>.parses? ..static!)
+                   <code>.local_identifier
+                   (<>.maybe ..alias)
+                   ..nullable)))
+
+(def: constant
+  (Parser Field)
+  (<code>.form ($_ <>.and
+                   (<>\wrap true)
+                   <code>.local_identifier
+                   (<>.maybe ..alias)
+                   ..nullable)))
+
+(type: Common_Method
+  {#name Text
+   #alias (Maybe Alias)
+   #inputs (List Nullable)
+   #io? Bit
+   #try? Bit
+   #output Nullable})
+
+(type: Static_Method Common_Method)
+(type: Virtual_Method Common_Method)
+
+(type: Method
+  (#Static Static_Method)
+  (#Virtual Virtual_Method))
+
+(def: common_method
+  (Parser Common_Method)
+  ($_ <>.and
+      <code>.local_identifier
+      (<>.maybe ..alias)
+      (<code>.tuple (<>.some ..nullable))
+      (<>.parses? (<code>.this! (' #io)))
+      (<>.parses? (<code>.this! (' #try)))
+      ..nullable))
+
+(def: static_method
+  (<>.after ..static! ..common_method))
+
+(def: method
+  (Parser Method)
+  (<code>.form (<>.or ..static_method
+                      ..common_method)))
+
+(type: Member
+  (#Field Field)
+  (#Method Method))
+
+(def: member
+  (Parser Member)
+  ($_ <>.or
+      ..field
+      ..method
+      ))
+
+(def: input_variables
+  (-> (List Nullable) (List [Bit Code]))
+  (|>> list.enumeration
+       (list\map (function (_ [idx [nullable? type]])
+                   [nullable? (|> idx %.nat code.local_identifier)]))))
+
+(def: (nullable_type [nullable? type])
+  (-> Nullable Code)
+  (if nullable?
+    (` (.Maybe (~ type)))
+    type))
+
+(def: (with_null g!temp [nullable? input])
+  (-> Code [Bit Code] Code)
+  (if nullable?
+    (` (case (~ input)
+         (#.Some (~ g!temp))
+         (~ g!temp)
+
+         #.Null
+         ("php object null")))
+    input))
+
+(def: (without_null g!temp [nullable? outputT] output)
+  (-> Code Nullable Code Code)
+  (if nullable?
+    (` (let [(~ g!temp) (~ output)]
+         (if ("php object null?" (~ g!temp))
+           #.None
+           (#.Some (~ g!temp)))))
+    (` (let [(~ g!temp) (~ output)]
+         (if (not ("php object null?" (~ g!temp)))
+           (~ g!temp)
+           (.error! "Null is an invalid value!"))))))
+
+(type: Import
+  (#Class Text (Maybe Alias) (List Member))
+  (#Function Static_Method)
+  (#Constant Field))
+
+(def: import
+  (Parser Import)
+  ($_ <>.or
+      ($_ <>.and
+          <code>.local_identifier
+          (<>.maybe ..alias)
+          (<>.some member))
+      (<code>.form ..common_method)
+      ..constant
+      ))
+
+(syntax: #export (try expression)
+  {#.doc (doc (case (try (risky_computation input))
+                (#.Right success)
+                (do_something success)
+
+                (#.Left error)
+                (recover_from_failure error)))}
+  (wrap (list (` ("lux try" ((~! io.io) (~ expression)))))))
+
+(def: (with_io with? without)
+  (-> Bit Code Code)
+  (if with?
+    (` (io.io (~ without)))
+    without))
+
+(def: (io_type io? rawT)
+  (-> Bit Code Code)
+  (if io?
+    (` (io.IO (~ rawT)))
+    rawT))
+
+(def: (with_try with? without_try)
+  (-> Bit Code Code)
+  (if with?
+    (` (..try (~ without_try)))
+    without_try))
+
+(def: (try_type try? rawT)
+  (-> Bit Code Code)
+  (if try?
+    (` (.Either .Text (~ rawT)))
+    rawT))
+
+(def: (make_function g!method g!temp source inputsT io? try? outputT)
+  (-> Code Code Code (List Nullable) Bit Bit Nullable Code)
+  (let [g!inputs (input_variables inputsT)]
+    (` (def: ((~ g!method)
+              [(~+ (list\map product.right g!inputs))])
+         (-> [(~+ (list\map nullable_type inputsT))]
+             (~ (|> (nullable_type outputT)
+                    (try_type try?)
+                    (io_type io?))))
+         (:assume
+          (~ (<| (with_io io?)
+                 (with_try try?)
+                 (without_null g!temp outputT)
+                 (` ("php apply"
+                     (:coerce ..Function (~ source))
+                     (~+ (list\map (with_null g!temp) g!inputs)))))))))))
+
+(syntax: #export (import: {import ..import})
+  (with_gensyms [g!temp]
+    (case import
+      (#Class [class alias members])
+      (with_gensyms [g!object]
+        (let [qualify (: (-> Text Code)
+                         (|>> (format (maybe.default class alias) "::") code.local_identifier))
+              g!type (code.local_identifier (maybe.default class alias))
+              class_import (` ("php constant" (~ (code.text class))))]
+          (wrap (list& (` (type: (~ g!type)
+                            (..Object (primitive (~ (code.text class))))))
+                       (list\map (function (_ member)
+                                   (case member
+                                     (#Field [static? field alias fieldT])
+                                     (if static?
+                                       (` ((~! syntax:) ((~ (qualify (maybe.default field alias))))
+                                           (\ (~! meta.monad) (~' wrap)
+                                              (list (` (.:coerce (~ (nullable_type fieldT))
+                                                                 ("php constant" (~ (code.text (format class "::" field))))))))))
+                                       (` (def: ((~ (qualify field))
+                                                 (~ g!object))
+                                            (-> (~ g!type)
+                                                (~ (nullable_type fieldT)))
+                                            (:assume
+                                             (~ (without_null g!temp fieldT (` ("php object get" (~ (code.text field))
+                                                                                (:coerce (..Object .Any) (~ g!object))))))))))
+                                     
+                                     (#Method method)
+                                     (case method
+                                       (#Static [method alias inputsT io? try? outputT])
+                                       (..make_function (qualify (maybe.default method alias))
+                                                        g!temp
+                                                        (` ("php object get" (~ (code.text method))
+                                                            (:coerce (..Object .Any)
+                                                                     ("php constant" (~ (code.text (format class "::" method)))))))
+                                                        inputsT
+                                                        io?
+                                                        try?
+                                                        outputT)
+                                       
+                                       (#Virtual [method alias inputsT io? try? outputT])
+                                       (let [g!inputs (input_variables inputsT)]
+                                         (` (def: ((~ (qualify (maybe.default method alias)))
+                                                   [(~+ (list\map product.right g!inputs))]
+                                                   (~ g!object))
+                                              (-> [(~+ (list\map nullable_type inputsT))]
+                                                  (~ g!type)
+                                                  (~ (|> (nullable_type outputT)
+                                                         (try_type try?)
+                                                         (io_type io?))))
+                                              (:assume
+                                               (~ (<| (with_io io?)
+                                                      (with_try try?)
+                                                      (without_null g!temp outputT)
+                                                      (` ("php object do"
+                                                          (~ (code.text method))
+                                                          (~ g!object)
+                                                          (~+ (list\map (with_null g!temp) g!inputs)))))))))))))
+                                 members)))))
+      
+      (#Function [name alias inputsT io? try? outputT])
+      (let [imported (` ("php constant" (~ (code.text name))))]
+        (wrap (list (..make_function (code.local_identifier (maybe.default name alias))
+                                     g!temp
+                                     imported
+                                     inputsT
+                                     io?
+                                     try?
+                                     outputT))))
+
+      (#Constant [_ name alias fieldT])
+      (let [imported (` ("php constant" (~ (code.text name))))]
+        (wrap (list (` ((~! syntax:) ((~ (code.local_identifier (maybe.default name alias))))
+                        (\ (~! meta.monad) (~' wrap)
+                           (list (` (.:coerce (~ (nullable_type fieldT)) (~ imported))))))))))
+      )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/math.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/math.lux
index 7193b417f..420e0bc83 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/math.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/math.lux
@@ -213,6 +213,38 @@
              (def: #export (pow param subject)
                (-> Frac Frac Frac)
                (:coerce Frac ("ruby object do" "**" subject param))))
+
+      @.php
+      (as_is (template [<name> <method>]
+               [(def: #export <name>
+                  (-> Frac Frac)
+                  (|>> ("php apply" ("php constant" <method>))
+                       (:coerce Frac)))]
+
+               [cos   "cos"]
+               [sin   "sin"]
+               [tan   "tan"]
+
+               [acos  "acos"]
+               [asin  "asin"]
+               [atan  "atan"]
+               
+               [exp   "exp"]
+               [log   "log"]
+
+               [ceil  "ceil"]
+               [floor "floor"]
+               
+               [root/2 "sqrt"]
+               )
+
+             (def: #export (pow param subject)
+               (-> Frac Frac Frac)
+               (:coerce Frac ("php apply" ("php constant" "pow") subject param)))
+
+             (def: #export root/3
+               (-> Frac Frac)
+               (..pow ("lux f64 /" +3.0 +1.0))))
       })
 
 (def: #export (round input)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/math/random.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/math/random.lux
index 68c33e91c..39fab5a29 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/math/random.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/math/random.lux
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
     [hash (#+ Hash)]
     [functor (#+ Functor)]
     [apply (#+ Apply)]
-    ["." monad (#+ do Monad)]]
+    ["." monad (#+ Monad do)]]
    [data
-    ["." product]
-    ["." maybe]
     ["." text (#+ Char) ("#\." monoid)
      ["." unicode #_
       ["#" set]]]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/target/php.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/target/php.lux
index 1b1b91e88..b1eb0b553 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/target/php.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/target/php.lux
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
     [Access [Location' Computation' Expression' Code]]
     [Constant [Location' Computation' Expression' Code]]
     [Global [Location' Computation' Expression' Code]]
+    [Label [Code]]
     )
 
   (type: #export Argument
@@ -113,9 +114,23 @@
     (-> Text Var)
     (|>> (format "$") :abstraction))
 
-  (def: #export constant
-    (-> Text Constant)
-    (|>> :abstraction))
+  (template [<name> <type>]
+    [(def: #export <name>
+       (-> Text <type>)
+       (|>> :abstraction))]
+
+    [constant Constant]
+    [label Label]
+    )
+
+  (def: #export (set_label label)
+    (-> Label Statement)
+    (:abstraction (format (:representation label) ":")))
+
+  (def: #export (go_to label)
+    (-> Label Statement)
+    (:abstraction
+     (format "goto " (:representation label) ..statement_suffix)))
 
   (def: #export null
     Literal
@@ -129,7 +144,11 @@
 
   (def: #export int
     (-> Int Literal)
-    (|>> %.int :abstraction))
+    (.let [to_hex (\ n.hex encode)]
+      (|>> .nat
+           to_hex
+           (format "0x")
+           :abstraction)))
 
   (def: #export float
     (-> Frac Literal)
@@ -160,6 +179,7 @@
                    [text.new_line "\n"]
                    [text.carriage_return "\r"]
                    [text.double_quote (format "\" text.double_quote)]
+                   ["$" "\$"]
                    ))
              )))
 
@@ -247,7 +267,8 @@
       ["phpversion"]]]
 
     [1
-     [["is_null"]
+     [["var_dump"]
+      ["is_null"]
       ["empty"]
       ["count"]
       ["array_pop"]
@@ -262,7 +283,8 @@
       ["iconv_strlen"] ["strlen"]]]
 
     [2
-     [["call_user_func_array"]
+     [["intdiv"]
+      ["call_user_func_array"]
       ["array_slice"]
       ["array_push"]
       ["pack"]
@@ -270,7 +292,8 @@
       ["iconv_strpos"] ["strpos"]]]
 
     [3
-     [["array_slice"]
+     [["array_fill"]
+      ["array_slice"]
       ["array_splice"]
       ["iconv"]
       ["iconv_strpos"] ["strpos"]
@@ -309,9 +332,15 @@
     (|> (format "new " (:representation constructor) (arguments inputs))
         :abstraction))
 
+  (def: #export (the field object)
+    (-> Text Expression Computation)
+    (|> (format (:representation object) "->" field)
+        :abstraction))
+
   (def: #export (do method inputs object)
     (-> Text (List Expression) Expression Computation)
-    (|> (format (:representation object) "->" method (arguments inputs))
+    (|> (format (:representation (..the method object))
+                (..arguments inputs))
         :abstraction))
 
   (def: #export (nth idx array)
@@ -340,7 +369,8 @@
 
     [or      "||"]
     [and     "&&"]
-    [=       "==="]
+    [==      "=="]
+    [===     "==="]
     [<       "<"]
     [<=      "<="]
     [>       ">"]
@@ -487,6 +517,10 @@
     [break "break"]
     [continue "continue"]
     )
+
+  (def: #export splat
+    (-> Expression Expression)
+    (|>> :representation (format "...") :abstraction))
   )
 
 (def: #export (cond clauses else!)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/php.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/php.lux
index 466c8daea..70437ea89 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/php.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/php.lux
@@ -27,8 +27,176 @@
       [///
        ["." phase]]]]]])
 
+(def: array::new
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [<c>.any
+    (function (_ extension phase archive lengthC)
+      (do phase.monad
+        [lengthA (analysis/type.with_type Nat
+                   (phase archive lengthC))
+         [var_id varT] (analysis/type.with_env check.var)
+         _ (analysis/type.infer (type (Array varT)))]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list lengthA)))))]))
+
+(def: array::length
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [<c>.any
+    (function (_ extension phase archive arrayC)
+      (do phase.monad
+        [[var_id varT] (analysis/type.with_env check.var)
+         arrayA (analysis/type.with_type (type (Array varT))
+                  (phase archive arrayC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer Nat)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list arrayA)))))]))
+
+(def: array::read
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [(<>.and <c>.any <c>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [indexC arrayC])
+      (do phase.monad
+        [indexA (analysis/type.with_type Nat
+                  (phase archive indexC))
+         [var_id varT] (analysis/type.with_env check.var)
+         arrayA (analysis/type.with_type (type (Array varT))
+                  (phase archive arrayC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer varT)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list indexA arrayA)))))]))
+
+(def: array::write
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.any <c>.any <c>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [indexC valueC arrayC])
+      (do phase.monad
+        [indexA (analysis/type.with_type Nat
+                  (phase archive indexC))
+         [var_id varT] (analysis/type.with_env check.var)
+         valueA (analysis/type.with_type varT
+                  (phase archive valueC))
+         arrayA (analysis/type.with_type (type (Array varT))
+                  (phase archive arrayC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer (type (Array varT)))]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list indexA valueA arrayA)))))]))
+
+(def: array::delete
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.any <c>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [indexC arrayC])
+      (do phase.monad
+        [indexA (analysis/type.with_type Nat
+                  (phase archive indexC))
+         [var_id varT] (analysis/type.with_env check.var)
+         arrayA (analysis/type.with_type (type (Array varT))
+                  (phase archive arrayC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer (type (Array varT)))]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list indexA arrayA)))))]))
+
+(def: bundle::array
+  Bundle
+  (<| (bundle.prefix "array")
+      (|> bundle.empty
+          (bundle.install "new" array::new)
+          (bundle.install "length" array::length)
+          (bundle.install "read" array::read)
+          (bundle.install "write" array::write)
+          (bundle.install "delete" array::delete)
+          )))
+
+(def: Null
+  (for {@.php host.Null}
+       Any))
+
+(def: Object
+  (for {@.php (type (host.Object Any))}
+       Any))
+
+(def: Function
+  (for {@.php host.Function}
+       Any))
+
+(def: object::get
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.text <c>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [fieldC objectC])
+      (do phase.monad
+        [objectA (analysis/type.with_type ..Object
+                   (phase archive objectC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer .Any)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list (analysis.text fieldC)
+                                                   objectA)))))]))
+
+(def: object::do
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.text <c>.any (<>.some <c>.any))
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [methodC objectC inputsC])
+      (do {! phase.monad}
+        [objectA (analysis/type.with_type ..Object
+                   (phase archive objectC))
+         inputsA (monad.map ! (|>> (phase archive) (analysis/type.with_type Any)) inputsC)
+         _ (analysis/type.infer .Any)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list& (analysis.text methodC)
+                                                    objectA
+                                                    inputsA)))))]))
+
+(def: bundle::object
+  Bundle
+  (<| (bundle.prefix "object")
+      (|> bundle.empty
+          (bundle.install "get" object::get)
+          (bundle.install "do" object::do)
+          (bundle.install "null" (/.nullary ..Null))
+          (bundle.install "null?" (/.unary Any Bit))
+          )))
+
+(def: php::constant
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [<c>.text
+    (function (_ extension phase archive name)
+      (do phase.monad
+        [_ (analysis/type.infer Any)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list (analysis.text name))))))]))
+
+(def: php::apply
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.any (<>.some <c>.any))
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [abstractionC inputsC])
+      (do {! phase.monad}
+        [abstractionA (analysis/type.with_type ..Function
+                        (phase archive abstractionC))
+         inputsA (monad.map ! (|>> (phase archive) (analysis/type.with_type Any)) inputsC)
+         _ (analysis/type.infer Any)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list& abstractionA inputsA)))))]))
+
+(def: php::pack
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <c>.any <c>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [formatC dataC])
+      (do {! phase.monad}
+        [formatA (analysis/type.with_type Text
+                   (phase archive formatC))
+         dataA (analysis/type.with_type (type (Array (I64 Any)))
+                 (phase archive dataC))
+         _ (analysis/type.infer Text)]
+        (wrap (#analysis.Extension extension (list formatA dataA)))))]))
+
 (def: #export bundle
   Bundle
   (<| (bundle.prefix "php")
       (|> bundle.empty
+          (dictionary.merge bundle::array)
+          (dictionary.merge bundle::object)
+
+          (bundle.install "constant" php::constant)
+          (bundle.install "apply" php::apply)
+          (bundle.install "pack" php::pack)
+          (bundle.install "script universe" (/.nullary .Bit))
           )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/common.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/common.lux
index 572f1f2a8..7dbc8bacc 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/common.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/common.lux
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
      ["%" format (#+ format)]]
     [collection
      ["." dictionary]
+     ["." set]
      ["." list ("#\." functor fold)]]]
    [math
     [number
@@ -26,10 +27,12 @@
     [generation
      [extension (#+ Nullary Unary Binary Trinary
                     nullary unary binary trinary)]
+     ["." reference]
      ["//" php #_
-      ["#." runtime (#+ Operation Phase Handler Bundle Generator)]]]
+      ["#." runtime (#+ Operation Phase Handler Bundle Generator)]
+      ["#." case]]]
     [//
-     [synthesis (#+ %synthesis)]
+     ["." synthesis (#+ %synthesis)]
      ["." generation]
      [///
       ["#" phase]]]]])
@@ -50,45 +53,55 @@
 (template: (!unary function)
   (|>> list _.apply/* (|> (_.constant function))))
 
-## ## TODO: Get rid of this ASAP
-## (def: lux::syntax_char_case!
-##   (..custom [($_ <>.and
-##                  <s>.any
-##                  <s>.any
-##                  (<>.some (<s>.tuple ($_ <>.and
-##                                          (<s>.tuple (<>.many <s>.i64))
-##                                          <s>.any))))
-##              (function (_ extension_name phase archive [input else conditionals])
-##                (do {! /////.monad}
-##                  [inputG (phase archive input)
-##                   elseG (phase archive else)
-##                   @input (\ ! map _.var (generation.gensym "input"))
-##                   conditionalsG (: (Operation (List [Expression Expression]))
-##                                    (monad.map ! (function (_ [chars branch])
-##                                                   (do !
-##                                                     [branchG (phase archive branch)]
-##                                                     (wrap [(|> chars
-##                                                                (list\map (|>> .int _.int (_.= @input)))
-##                                                                (list\fold (function (_ clause total)
-##                                                                             (if (is? _.nil total)
-##                                                                               clause
-##                                                                               (_.or clause total)))
-##                                                                           _.nil))
-##                                                            branchG])))
-##                                               conditionals))
-##                   #let [closure (_.closure (list @input)
-##                                            (list\fold (function (_ [test then] else)
-##                                                         (_.if test (_.return then) else))
-##                                                       (_.return elseG)
-##                                                       conditionalsG))]]
-##                  (wrap (_.apply/1 closure inputG))))]))
+## TODO: Get rid of this ASAP
+(def: lux::syntax_char_case!
+  (..custom [($_ <>.and
+                 <s>.any
+                 <s>.any
+                 (<>.some (<s>.tuple ($_ <>.and
+                                         (<s>.tuple (<>.many <s>.i64))
+                                         <s>.any))))
+             (function (_ extension_name phase archive [input else conditionals])
+               (do {! /////.monad}
+                 [inputG (phase archive input)
+                  [[context_module context_artifact] elseG] (generation.with_new_context archive
+                                                              (phase archive else))
+                  @input (\ ! map _.var (generation.gensym "input"))
+                  conditionalsG (: (Operation (List [Expression Expression]))
+                                   (monad.map ! (function (_ [chars branch])
+                                                  (do !
+                                                    [branchG (phase archive branch)]
+                                                    (wrap [(|> chars
+                                                               (list\map (|>> .int _.int (_.=== @input)))
+                                                               (list\fold (function (_ clause total)
+                                                                            (if (is? _.null total)
+                                                                              clause
+                                                                              (_.or clause total)))
+                                                                          _.null))
+                                                           branchG])))
+                                              conditionals))
+                  #let [foreigns (|> conditionals
+                                     (list\map (|>> product.right synthesis.path/then //case.dependencies))
+                                     (list& (//case.dependencies (synthesis.path/then else)))
+                                     list.concat
+                                     (set.from_list _.hash)
+                                     set.to_list)
+                        @expression (_.constant (reference.artifact [context_module context_artifact]))
+                        directive (_.define_function @expression (list& (_.parameter @input) (list\map _.reference foreigns))
+                                                     (list\fold (function (_ [test then] else)
+                                                                  (_.if test (_.return then) else))
+                                                                (_.return elseG)
+                                                                conditionalsG))]
+                  _ (generation.execute! directive)
+                  _ (generation.save! (%.nat context_artifact) directive)]
+                 (wrap (_.apply/* (list& inputG foreigns) @expression))))]))
 
 (def: lux_procs
   Bundle
   (|> /.empty
-      ## (/.install "syntax char case!" lux::syntax_char_case!)
-      (/.install "is" (binary (product.uncurry _.=)))
-      ## (/.install "try" (unary //runtime.lux//try))
+      (/.install "syntax char case!" lux::syntax_char_case!)
+      (/.install "is" (binary (product.uncurry _.===)))
+      (/.install "try" (unary //runtime.lux//try))
       ))
 
 (def: i64_procs
@@ -100,12 +113,13 @@
           (/.install "xor" (binary (product.uncurry _.bit_xor)))
           (/.install "left-shift" (binary (product.uncurry _.bit_shl)))
           (/.install "right-shift" (binary (product.uncurry //runtime.i64//right_shift)))
-          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.=)))
+          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.==)))
           (/.install "+" (binary (product.uncurry _.+)))
           (/.install "-" (binary (product.uncurry _.-)))
           (/.install "<" (binary (product.uncurry _.<)))
           (/.install "*" (binary (product.uncurry _.*)))
-          (/.install "/" (binary (product.uncurry _./)))
+          (/.install "/" (binary (function (_ [parameter subject])
+                                   (_.intdiv/2 [subject parameter]))))
           (/.install "%" (binary (product.uncurry _.%)))
           (/.install "f64" (unary (_./ (_.float +1.0))))
           (/.install "char" (unary //runtime.i64//char))
@@ -124,7 +138,7 @@
           (/.install "*" (binary (product.uncurry _.*)))
           (/.install "/" (binary (product.uncurry _./)))
           (/.install "%" (binary ..f64//%))
-          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.=)))
+          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.==)))
           (/.install "<" (binary (product.uncurry _.<)))
           (/.install "i64" (unary _.intval/1))
           (/.install "encode" (unary _.strval/1))
@@ -142,7 +156,7 @@
   Bundle
   (<| (/.prefix "text")
       (|> /.empty
-          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.=)))
+          (/.install "=" (binary (product.uncurry _.==)))
           (/.install "<" (binary (product.uncurry _.<)))
           (/.install "concat" (binary (product.uncurry (function.flip _.concat))))
           (/.install "index" (trinary ..text//index))
@@ -151,11 +165,6 @@
           (/.install "clip" (trinary ..text//clip))
           )))
 
-(def: io//log!
-  (Unary Expression)
-  (|>> _.print/1
-       (_.or //runtime.unit)))
-
 (def: io//current-time
   (Nullary Expression)
   (|>> _.time/0
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@
   Bundle
   (<| (/.prefix "io")
       (|> /.empty
-          (/.install "log" (unary ..io//log!))
+          (/.install "log" (unary //runtime.io//log!))
           (/.install "error" (unary //runtime.io//throw!))
           (/.install "current-time" (nullary ..io//current-time)))))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/host.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/host.lux
index fef37539e..f523f1647 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/host.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/php/host.lux
@@ -32,168 +32,106 @@
       ["//#" /// #_
        ["#." phase]]]]]])
 
-## (def: array::new
-##   (Unary Expression)
-##   (|>> ["n"] list _.table))
-
-## (def: array::length
-##   (Unary Expression)
-##   (_.the "n"))
-
-## (def: (array::read [indexG arrayG])
-##   (Binary Expression)
-##   (_.nth (_.+ (_.int +1) indexG) arrayG))
-
-## (def: (array::write [indexG valueG arrayG])
-##   (Trinary Expression)
-##   (//runtime.array//write indexG valueG arrayG))
-
-## (def: (array::delete [indexG arrayG])
-##   (Binary Expression)
-##   (//runtime.array//write indexG _.nil arrayG))
-
-## (def: array
-##   Bundle
-##   (<| (/.prefix "array")
-##       (|> /.empty
-##           (/.install "new" (unary array::new))
-##           (/.install "length" (unary array::length))
-##           (/.install "read" (binary array::read))
-##           (/.install "write" (trinary array::write))
-##           (/.install "delete" (binary array::delete))
-##           )))
-
-## (def: object::get
-##   Handler
-##   (custom
-##    [($_ <>.and <s>.text <s>.any)
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive [fieldS objectS])
-##       (do ////////phase.monad
-##         [objectG (phase archive objectS)]
-##         (wrap (_.the fieldS objectG))))]))
-
-## (def: object::do
-##   Handler
-##   (custom
-##    [($_ <>.and <s>.text <s>.any (<>.some <s>.any))
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive [methodS objectS inputsS])
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [objectG (phase archive objectS)
-##          inputsG (monad.map ! (phase archive) inputsS)]
-##         (wrap (_.do methodS inputsG objectG))))]))
-
-## (template [<!> <?> <unit>]
-##   [(def: <!> (Nullary Expression) (function.constant <unit>))
-##    (def: <?> (Unary Expression) (_.= <unit>))]
-
-##   [object::nil object::nil? _.nil]
-##   )
-
-## (def: object
-##   Bundle
-##   (<| (/.prefix "object")
-##       (|> /.empty
-##           (/.install "get" object::get)
-##           (/.install "do" object::do)
-##           (/.install "nil" (nullary object::nil))
-##           (/.install "nil?" (unary object::nil?))
-##           )))
-
-## (def: $input
-##   (_.var "input"))
-
-## (def: utf8::encode
-##   (custom
-##    [<s>.any
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive inputS)
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [inputG (phase archive inputS)]
-##         (wrap (_.apply/1 (<| (_.closure (list $input))
-##                              (_.return (|> (_.var "string.byte")
-##                                            (_.apply/* (list $input (_.int +1) (_.length $input)))
-##                                            (_.apply/1 (_.var "table.pack")))))
-##                          inputG))))]))
-
-## (def: utf8::decode
-##   (custom
-##    [<s>.any
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive inputS)
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [inputG (phase archive inputS)]
-##         (wrap (|> inputG
-##                   (_.apply/1 (_.var "table.unpack"))
-##                   (_.apply/1 (_.var "string.char"))))))]))
-
-## (def: utf8
-##   Bundle
-##   (<| (/.prefix "utf8")
-##       (|> /.empty
-##           (/.install "encode" utf8::encode)
-##           (/.install "decode" utf8::decode)
-##           )))
-
-## (def: lua::constant
-##   (custom
-##    [<s>.text
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive name)
-##       (\ ////////phase.monad wrap (_.var name)))]))
-
-## (def: lua::apply
-##   (custom
-##    [($_ <>.and <s>.any (<>.some <s>.any))
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive [abstractionS inputsS])
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [abstractionG (phase archive abstractionS)
-##          inputsG (monad.map ! (phase archive) inputsS)]
-##         (wrap (_.apply/* inputsG abstractionG))))]))
-
-## (def: lua::power
-##   (custom
-##    [($_ <>.and <s>.any <s>.any)
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive [powerS baseS])
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [powerG (phase archive powerS)
-##          baseG (phase archive baseS)]
-##         (wrap (_.^ powerG baseG))))]))
-
-## (def: lua::import
-##   (custom
-##    [<s>.text
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive module)
-##       (\ ////////phase.monad wrap
-##          (_.require/1 (_.string module))))]))
-
-## (def: lua::function
-##   (custom
-##    [($_ <>.and <s>.i64 <s>.any)
-##     (function (_ extension phase archive [arity abstractionS])
-##       (do {! ////////phase.monad}
-##         [abstractionG (phase archive abstractionS)
-##          #let [variable (: (-> Text (Operation Var))
-##                            (|>> generation.gensym
-##                                 (\ ! map _.var)))]
-##          g!inputs (monad.map ! (function (_ _)
-##                                  (variable "input"))
-##                              (list.repeat (.nat arity) []))]
-##         (wrap (<| (_.closure g!inputs)
-##                   _.statement
-##                   (case (.nat arity)
-##                     0 (_.apply/1 abstractionG //runtime.unit)
-##                     1 (_.apply/* g!inputs abstractionG)
-##                     _ (_.apply/1 abstractionG (_.array g!inputs)))))))]))
+(def: (array::new size)
+  (Unary Expression)
+  (//runtime.tuple//make size (_.array_fill/3 [(_.int +0) size _.null])))
+
+(def: array::length
+  (Unary Expression)
+  //runtime.array//length)
+
+(def: (array::read [indexG arrayG])
+  (Binary Expression)
+  (_.nth indexG arrayG))
+
+(def: (array::write [indexG valueG arrayG])
+  (Trinary Expression)
+  (//runtime.array//write indexG valueG arrayG))
+
+(def: (array::delete [indexG arrayG])
+  (Binary Expression)
+  (//runtime.array//write indexG _.null arrayG))
+
+(def: array
+  Bundle
+  (<| (/.prefix "array")
+      (|> /.empty
+          (/.install "new" (unary array::new))
+          (/.install "length" (unary array::length))
+          (/.install "read" (binary array::read))
+          (/.install "write" (trinary array::write))
+          (/.install "delete" (binary array::delete))
+          )))
+
+(def: object::get
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <s>.text <s>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [fieldS objectS])
+      (do ////////phase.monad
+        [objectG (phase archive objectS)]
+        (wrap (_.the fieldS objectG))))]))
+
+(def: object::do
+  Handler
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <s>.text <s>.any (<>.some <s>.any))
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [methodS objectS inputsS])
+      (do {! ////////phase.monad}
+        [objectG (phase archive objectS)
+         inputsG (monad.map ! (phase archive) inputsS)]
+        (wrap (_.do methodS inputsG objectG))))]))
+
+(template [<!> <?> <unit>]
+  [(def: <!> (Nullary Expression) (function.constant <unit>))
+   (def: <?> (Unary Expression) (_.=== <unit>))]
+
+  [object::null object::null? _.null]
+  )
+
+(def: object
+  Bundle
+  (<| (/.prefix "object")
+      (|> /.empty
+          (/.install "get" object::get)
+          (/.install "do" object::do)
+          (/.install "null" (nullary object::null))
+          (/.install "null?" (unary object::null?))
+          )))
+
+(def: php::constant
+  (custom
+   [<s>.text
+    (function (_ extension phase archive name)
+      (\ ////////phase.monad wrap (_.constant name)))]))
+
+(def: php::apply
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <s>.any (<>.some <s>.any))
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [abstractionS inputsS])
+      (do {! ////////phase.monad}
+        [abstractionG (phase archive abstractionS)
+         inputsG (monad.map ! (phase archive) inputsS)]
+        (wrap (_.apply/* inputsG abstractionG))))]))
+
+(def: php::pack
+  (custom
+   [($_ <>.and <s>.any <s>.any)
+    (function (_ extension phase archive [formatS dataS])
+      (do {! ////////phase.monad}
+        [formatG (phase archive formatS)
+         dataG (phase archive dataS)]
+        (wrap (_.pack/2 [formatG (_.splat dataG)]))))]))
 
 (def: #export bundle
   Bundle
   (<| (/.prefix "php")
       (|> /.empty
-          ## (dictionary.merge ..array)
-          ## (dictionary.merge ..object)
-          ## (dictionary.merge ..utf8)
-
-          ## (/.install "constant" lua::constant)
-          ## (/.install "apply" lua::apply)
-          ## (/.install "power" lua::power)
-          ## (/.install "import" lua::import)
-          ## (/.install "function" lua::function)
-          ## (/.install "script universe" (nullary (function.constant (_.bool reference.universe))))
+          (dictionary.merge ..array)
+          (dictionary.merge ..object)
+
+          (/.install "constant" php::constant)
+          (/.install "apply" php::apply)
+          (/.install "pack" php::pack)
+          (/.install "script universe" (nullary (function.constant (_.bool reference.universe))))
           )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php.lux
index c310de4a9..654c07bdf 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php.lux
@@ -20,39 +20,83 @@
      ["#." extension]
      ["/#" // #_
       [analysis (#+)]
-      ["." synthesis]
+      ["#." synthesis]
       ["//#" /// #_
        ["#." phase ("#\." monad)]
        [reference (#+)
         [variable (#+)]]]]]]])
 
-(def: #export (generate archive synthesis)
+(def: (statement expression archive synthesis)
+  Phase!
+  (case synthesis
+    (^template [<tag>]
+      [(^ (<tag> value))
+       (//////phase\map _.return (expression archive synthesis))])
+    ([////synthesis.bit]
+     [////synthesis.i64]
+     [////synthesis.f64]
+     [////synthesis.text]
+     [////synthesis.variant]
+     [////synthesis.tuple]
+     [#////synthesis.Reference]
+     [////synthesis.branch/get]
+     [////synthesis.function/apply]
+     [#////synthesis.Extension])
+
+    (^ (////synthesis.branch/case case))
+    (/case.case! statement expression archive case)
+
+    (^template [<tag> <generator>]
+      [(^ (<tag> value))
+       (<generator> statement expression archive value)])
+    ([////synthesis.branch/let /case.let!]
+     [////synthesis.branch/if /case.if!]
+     [////synthesis.loop/scope /loop.scope!]
+     [////synthesis.loop/recur /loop.recur!])
+
+    (^ (////synthesis.function/abstraction abstraction))
+    (//////phase\map _.return (/function.function statement expression archive abstraction))
+    ))
+
+(exception: #export cannot-recur-as-an-expression)
+
+(def: #export (expression archive synthesis)
   Phase
   (case synthesis
     (^template [<tag> <generator>]
       [(^ (<tag> value))
        (//////phase\wrap (<generator> value))])
-    ([synthesis.bit  /primitive.bit]
-     [synthesis.i64  /primitive.i64]
-     [synthesis.f64  /primitive.f64]
-     [synthesis.text /primitive.text])
+    ([////synthesis.bit  /primitive.bit]
+     [////synthesis.i64  /primitive.i64]
+     [////synthesis.f64  /primitive.f64]
+     [////synthesis.text /primitive.text])
 
-    (#synthesis.Reference value)
+    (#////synthesis.Reference value)
     (//reference.reference /reference.system archive value)
 
     (^template [<tag> <generator>]
       [(^ (<tag> value))
-       (<generator> generate archive value)])
-    ([synthesis.variant /structure.variant]
-     [synthesis.tuple /structure.tuple]
-     [synthesis.branch/case /case.case]
-     [synthesis.branch/let /case.let]
-     [synthesis.branch/if /case.if]
-     [synthesis.branch/get /case.get]
-     [synthesis.loop/scope /loop.scope]
-     [synthesis.loop/recur /loop.recur]
-     [synthesis.function/apply /function.apply]
-     [synthesis.function/abstraction /function.function])
-
-    (#synthesis.Extension extension)
-    (///extension.apply archive generate extension)))
+       (<generator> expression archive value)])
+    ([////synthesis.variant /structure.variant]
+     [////synthesis.tuple /structure.tuple]
+     [////synthesis.branch/let /case.let]
+     [////synthesis.branch/if /case.if]
+     [////synthesis.branch/get /case.get]
+     [////synthesis.function/apply /function.apply])
+
+    (^template [<tag> <generator>]
+      [(^ (<tag> value))
+       (<generator> statement expression archive value)])
+    ([////synthesis.branch/case /case.case]
+     [////synthesis.loop/scope /loop.scope]
+     [////synthesis.function/abstraction /function.function])
+
+    (^ (////synthesis.loop/recur _))
+    (//////phase.throw ..cannot-recur-as-an-expression [])
+
+    (#////synthesis.Extension extension)
+    (///extension.apply archive expression extension)))
+
+(def: #export generate
+  Phase
+  ..expression)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/case.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/case.lux
index b04d8e766..419c0ed2f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/case.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/case.lux
@@ -41,20 +41,47 @@
   (-> Register Var)
   (|>> (///reference.foreign //reference.system) :assume))
 
-(def: #export (let generate archive [valueS register bodyS])
+(def: #export (let expression archive [valueS register bodyS])
   (Generator [Synthesis Register Synthesis])
   (do ///////phase.monad
-    [valueG (generate archive valueS)
-     bodyG (generate archive bodyS)]
+    [valueG (expression archive valueS)
+     bodyG (expression archive bodyS)]
     (wrap (|> bodyG
               (list (_.set (..register register) valueG))
               _.array/*
               (_.nth (_.int +1))))))
 
-(def: #export (get generate archive [pathP valueS])
+(def: #export (let! statement expression archive [valueS register bodyS])
+  (Generator! [Synthesis Register Synthesis])
+  (do ///////phase.monad
+    [valueO (expression archive valueS)
+     body! (statement expression archive bodyS)]
+    (wrap ($_ _.then
+              (_.; (_.set (..register register) valueO))
+              body!))))
+
+(def: #export (if expression archive [testS thenS elseS])
+  (Generator [Synthesis Synthesis Synthesis])
+  (do ///////phase.monad
+    [testG (expression archive testS)
+     thenG (expression archive thenS)
+     elseG (expression archive elseS)]
+    (wrap (_.? testG thenG elseG))))
+
+(def: #export (if! statement expression archive [testS thenS elseS])
+  (Generator! [Synthesis Synthesis Synthesis])
+  (do ///////phase.monad
+    [test! (expression archive testS)
+     then! (statement expression archive thenS)
+     else! (statement expression archive elseS)]
+    (wrap (_.if test!
+            then!
+            else!))))
+
+(def: #export (get expression archive [pathP valueS])
   (Generator [(List Member) Synthesis])
   (do ///////phase.monad
-    [valueG (generate archive valueS)]
+    [valueG (expression archive valueS)]
     (wrap (list\fold (function (_ side source)
                        (.let [method (.case side
                                        (^template [<side> <accessor>]
@@ -64,15 +91,7 @@
                                         [#.Right //runtime.tuple//right]))]
                          (method source)))
                      valueG
-                     pathP))))
-
-(def: #export (if generate archive [testS thenS elseS])
-  (Generator [Synthesis Synthesis Synthesis])
-  (do ///////phase.monad
-    [testG (generate archive testS)
-     thenG (generate archive thenS)
-     elseG (generate archive elseS)]
-    (wrap (_.? testG thenG elseG))))
+                     (list.reverse pathP)))))
 
 (def: @savepoint (_.var "lux_pm_savepoint"))
 (def: @cursor (_.var "lux_pm_cursor"))
@@ -139,12 +158,12 @@
           ..restore!
           post!)))
 
-(def: (pattern_matching' generate archive)
-  (-> Phase Archive Path (Operation Statement))
+(def: (pattern_matching' statement expression archive)
+  (Generator! Path)
   (function (recur pathP)
     (.case pathP
       (#/////synthesis.Then bodyS)
-      (\ ///////phase.monad map _.return (generate archive bodyS))
+      (statement expression archive bodyS)
 
       #/////synthesis.Pop
       (///////phase\wrap ..pop!)
@@ -175,8 +194,8 @@
            [clauses (monad.map ! (function (_ [match then])
                                    (do !
                                      [then! (recur then)]
-                                     (wrap [(_.= (|> match <format>)
-                                                 ..peek)
+                                     (wrap [(_.=== (|> match <format>)
+                                                   ..peek)
                                             then!])))
                                (#.Cons cons))]
            (wrap (_.cond clauses ..fail!)))])
@@ -228,10 +247,10 @@
       ([/////synthesis.path/seq _.then]
        [/////synthesis.path/alt ..alternation]))))
 
-(def: (pattern_matching generate archive pathP)
-  (-> Phase Archive Path (Operation Statement))
+(def: (pattern_matching statement expression archive pathP)
+  (Generator! Path)
   (do ///////phase.monad
-    [iteration! (pattern_matching' generate archive pathP)]
+    [iteration! (pattern_matching' statement expression archive pathP)]
     (wrap ($_ _.then
               (_.do_while (_.bool false)
                           iteration!)
@@ -254,20 +273,25 @@
                      (#///////variable.Foreign register)
                      (..capture register))))))
 
-(def: #export (case generate archive [valueS pathP])
-  (Generator [Synthesis Path])
+(def: #export (case! statement expression archive [valueS pathP])
+  (Generator! [Synthesis Path])
+  (do ///////phase.monad
+    [stack_init (expression archive valueS)
+     pattern_matching! (pattern_matching statement expression archive pathP)]
+    (wrap ($_ _.then
+              (_.; (_.set @cursor (_.array/* (list stack_init))))
+              (_.; (_.set @savepoint (_.array/* (list))))
+              pattern_matching!))))
+
+(def: #export (case statement expression archive [valueS pathP])
+  (-> Phase! (Generator [Synthesis Path]))
   (do {! ///////phase.monad}
-    [initG (generate archive valueS)
-     [[case_module case_artifact] pattern_matching!] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
-                                                       (pattern_matching generate archive pathP))
+    [[[case_module case_artifact] case!] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
+                                           (case! statement expression archive [valueS pathP]))
      #let [@case (_.constant (///reference.artifact [case_module case_artifact]))
            @dependencies+ (..dependencies (/////synthesis.path/seq (/////synthesis.path/then valueS)
                                                                    pathP))
-           directive (<| (_.define_function @case (list\map _.parameter @dependencies+))
-                         ($_ _.then
-                             (_.; (_.set @cursor (_.array/* (list initG))))
-                             (_.; (_.set @savepoint (_.array/* (list))))
-                             pattern_matching!))]
+           directive (_.define_function @case (list\map _.parameter @dependencies+) case!)]
      _ (/////generation.execute! directive)
      _ (/////generation.save! (%.nat case_artifact) directive)]
     (wrap (_.apply/* @dependencies+ @case))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/function.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/function.lux
index 66d9eb37d..c6fa5687c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/function.lux
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     [collection
      ["." list ("#\." functor fold)]]]
    [target
-    ["_" php (#+ Var Global Expression Argument Statement)]]]
+    ["_" php (#+ Var Global Expression Argument Label Statement)]]]
   ["." // #_
    ["#." runtime (#+ Operation Phase Phase! Generator)]
    ["#." reference]
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
 (def: input
   (|>> inc //case.register))
 
+(def: (@scope function_name)
+  (-> Context Label)
+  (_.label (format (///reference.artifact function_name) "_scope")))
+
 (def: (with_closure inits @selfG @selfL body!)
   (-> (List Expression) Global Var Statement [Statement Expression])
   (case inits
@@ -53,28 +57,29 @@
 
     _
     (let [@inits (|> (list.enumeration inits)
-                     (list\map (|>> product.left ..capture _.reference)))]
-      [(_.; (_.set @selfG (_.closure (list) @inits
+                     (list\map (|>> product.left ..capture)))]
+      [(_.; (_.set @selfG (_.closure (list) (list\map _.parameter @inits)
                                      ($_ _.then
-                                         (_.; (_.set @selfL (_.closure (list& (_.reference @selfL) @inits)
+                                         (_.; (_.set @selfL (_.closure (list& (_.reference @selfL) (list\map _.reference @inits))
                                                                        (list)
                                                                        body!)))
                                          (_.return @selfL)))))
        (_.apply/* inits @selfG)])))
 
-(def: #export (function expression archive [environment arity bodyS])
-  (Generator (Abstraction Synthesis))
+(def: #export (function statement expression archive [environment arity bodyS])
+  (-> Phase! (Generator (Abstraction Synthesis)))
   (do {! ///////phase.monad}
-    [[function_name bodyG] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
+    [[function_name body!] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
                              (do !
-                               [function_name (\ ! map ///reference.artifact
-                                                 (/////generation.context archive))]
-                               (/////generation.with_anchor (_.global function_name)
-                                 (expression archive bodyS))))
+                               [@scope (\ ! map ..@scope
+                                          (/////generation.context archive))]
+                               (/////generation.with_anchor [1 @scope]
+                                 (statement expression archive bodyS))))
      closureG+ (monad.map ! (expression archive) environment)
      #let [@curried (_.var "curried")
            arityG (|> arity .int _.int)
            @num_args (_.var "num_args")
+           @scope (..@scope function_name)
            @selfG (_.global (///reference.artifact function_name))
            @selfL (_.var (///reference.artifact function_name))
            initialize_self! (_.; (_.set (//case.register 0) @selfL))
@@ -88,10 +93,11 @@
                                         ($_ _.then
                                             (_.; (_.set @num_args (_.func_num_args/0 [])))
                                             (_.; (_.set @curried (_.func_get_args/0 [])))
-                                            (_.cond (list [(|> @num_args (_.= arityG))
+                                            (_.cond (list [(|> @num_args (_.=== arityG))
                                                            ($_ _.then
                                                                initialize!
-                                                               (_.return bodyG))]
+                                                               (_.set_label @scope)
+                                                               body!)]
                                                           [(|> @num_args (_.> arityG))
                                                            (let [arity_inputs (_.array_slice/3 [@curried (_.int +0) arityG])
                                                                  extra_inputs (_.array_slice/2 [@curried arityG])
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/loop.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/loop.lux
index cdac65275..30e325363 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/loop.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/loop.lux
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
     ["." monad (#+ do)]]
    [data
     ["." product]
-    [text
+    ["." text
      ["%" format (#+ format)]]
     [collection
-     ["." list ("#\." functor)]
+     ["." list ("#\." functor fold)]
      ["." set]]]
    [math
     [number
      ["n" nat]]]
    [target
-    ["_" php (#+ Var Expression Statement)]]]
+    ["_" php (#+ Var Expression Label Statement)]]]
   ["." // #_
    [runtime (#+ Operation Phase Phase! Generator Generator!)]
    ["#." case]
@@ -32,8 +32,41 @@
        [reference
         [variable (#+ Register)]]]]]]])
 
-(def: #export (scope expression archive [start initsS+ bodyS])
-  (Generator (Scope Synthesis))
+(def: @scope
+  (-> Nat Label)
+  (|>> %.nat (format "scope") _.label))
+
+(def: (setup offset bindings body)
+  (-> Register (List Expression) Statement Statement)
+  (|> bindings
+      list.enumeration
+      (list\map (function (_ [register value])
+                  (let [variable (//case.register (n.+ offset register))]
+                    (_.; (_.set variable value)))))
+      list.reverse
+      (list\fold _.then body)))
+
+(def: #export (scope! statement expression archive [start initsS+ bodyS])
+  (Generator! (Scope Synthesis))
+  (case initsS+
+    ## function/false/non-independent loop
+    #.Nil
+    (statement expression archive bodyS)
+
+    ## true loop
+    _
+    (do {! ///////phase.monad}
+      [@scope (\ ! map ..@scope /////generation.next)
+       initsO+ (monad.map ! (expression archive) initsS+)
+       body! (/////generation.with_anchor [start @scope]
+               (statement expression archive bodyS))]
+      (wrap (..setup start initsO+
+                     ($_ _.then
+                         (_.set_label @scope)
+                         body!))))))
+
+(def: #export (scope statement expression archive [start initsS+ bodyS])
+  (-> Phase! (Generator (Scope Synthesis)))
   (case initsS+
     ## function/false/non-independent loop
     #.Nil
@@ -42,15 +75,12 @@
     ## true loop
     _
     (do {! ///////phase.monad}
-      [initsO+ (monad.map ! (expression archive) initsS+)
-       [[loop_module loop_artifact] bodyO] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
-                                             (do !
-                                               [loop_context (/////generation.context archive)]
-                                               (/////generation.with_anchor (_.var (///reference.artifact loop_context))
-                                                 (expression archive bodyS))))
+      [[[loop_module loop_artifact] scope!] (/////generation.with_new_context archive
+                                              (..scope! statement expression archive [start initsS+ bodyS]))
        #let [locals (|> initsS+
                         list.enumeration
                         (list\map (|>> product.left (n.+ start) //case.register _.parameter)))
+             @loop (_.constant (///reference.artifact [loop_module loop_artifact]))
              [directive instantiation] (: [Statement Expression]
                                           (case (|> (synthesis.path/then bodyS)
                                                     //case.dependencies
@@ -58,30 +88,30 @@
                                                     (set.difference (set.from_list _.hash (list\map product.right locals)))
                                                     set.to_list)
                                             #.Nil
-                                            (let [@loop (_.var (///reference.artifact [loop_module loop_artifact]))]
-                                              [(_.; (_.set @loop
-                                                           (_.closure (list (_.reference @loop))
-                                                                      locals
-                                                                      (_.return bodyO))))
-                                               @loop])
+                                            [(_.define_function @loop (list) scope!)
+                                             @loop]
 
                                             foreigns
-                                            (let [@loop (_.constant (///reference.artifact [loop_module loop_artifact]))]
-                                              [(<| (_.define_function @loop (list\map _.parameter foreigns))
-                                                   (let [@loop (_.var (///reference.artifact [loop_module loop_artifact]))]
-                                                     (_.return (_.set @loop
-                                                                      (_.closure (list& (_.reference @loop)
-                                                                                        (list\map _.reference foreigns))
-                                                                                 locals
-                                                                                 (_.return bodyO))))))
-                                               (_.apply/* foreigns @loop)])))]
+                                            [(<| (_.define_function @loop (list\map _.parameter foreigns))
+                                                 (_.return (_.closure (list\map _.parameter foreigns) (list) scope!)))
+                                             (_.apply/* foreigns @loop)]))]
        _ (/////generation.execute! directive)
        _ (/////generation.save! (%.nat loop_artifact) directive)]
-      (wrap (_.apply/* initsO+ instantiation)))))
+      (wrap (_.apply/* (list) instantiation)))))
+
+(def: @temp
+  (_.var "lux_recur_values"))
 
-(def: #export (recur expression archive argsS+)
-  (Generator (List Synthesis))
+(def: #export (recur! statement expression archive argsS+)
+  (Generator! (List Synthesis))
   (do {! ///////phase.monad}
-    [@scope /////generation.anchor
+    [[offset @scope] /////generation.anchor
      argsO+ (monad.map ! (expression archive) argsS+)]
-    (wrap (_.apply/* argsO+ @scope))))
+    (wrap ($_ _.then
+              (_.; (_.set @temp (_.array/* argsO+)))
+              (..setup offset
+                       (|> argsO+
+                           list.enumeration
+                           (list\map (function (_ [idx _])
+                                       (_.nth (_.int (.int idx)) @temp))))
+                       (_.go_to @scope))))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/runtime.lux
index 7b3e55481..5e1c36112 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/runtime.lux
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     [number (#+ hex)
      ["." i64]]]
    ["@" target
-    ["_" php (#+ Expression Location Constant Var Computation Literal Statement)]]]
+    ["_" php (#+ Expression Label Constant Var Computation Literal Statement)]]]
   ["." /// #_
    ["#." reference]
    ["//#" /// #_
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 (template [<name> <base>]
   [(type: #export <name>
-     (<base> Location Expression Statement))]
+     (<base> [Nat Label] Expression Statement))]
 
   [Operation /////generation.Operation]
   [Phase /////generation.Phase]
@@ -128,6 +128,12 @@
                                                                  (list (~+ (list\map (|>> (~) [false] (`)) inputsC)))
                                                                  (~ code))))))))))))))))
 
+(runtime: (io//log! message)
+  ($_ _.then
+      (_.echo message)
+      (_.echo (_.string text.new_line))
+      (_.return ..unit)))
+
 (runtime: (io//throw! message)
   ($_ _.then
       (_.throw (_.new (_.constant "Exception") (list message)))
@@ -136,15 +142,39 @@
 (def: runtime//io
   Statement
   ($_ _.then
+      @io//log!
       @io//throw!
       ))
 
 (def: #export tuple_size_field
   "_lux_size")
 
-(def: tuple_size
+(def: #export tuple_size
   (_.nth (_.string ..tuple_size_field)))
 
+(def: jphp?
+  (_.=== (_.string "5.6.99") (_.phpversion/0 [])))
+
+(runtime: (array//length array)
+  ## TODO: Get rid of this as soon as JPHP is no longer necessary.
+  (_.if ..jphp?
+    (_.if (..tuple_size array)
+      (_.return (..tuple_size array))
+      (_.return (_.count/1 array)))
+    (_.return (_.count/1 array))))
+
+(runtime: (array//write idx value array)
+  ($_ _.then
+      (_.; (_.set (_.nth idx array) value))
+      (_.return array)))
+
+(def: runtime//array
+  Statement
+  ($_ _.then
+      @array//length
+      @array//write
+      ))
+
 (def: last_index
   (|>> ..tuple_size (_.- (_.int +1))))
 
@@ -167,20 +197,37 @@
                 ## Needs recursion
                 <recur>)))))
 
+  ## TODO: Get rid of this as soon as JPHP is no longer necessary.
+  (runtime: (tuple//slice offset input)
+    (with_vars [size index output]
+      ($_ _.then
+          (_.; (_.set size (..array//length input)))
+          (_.; (_.set index (_.int +0)))
+          (_.; (_.set output (_.array/* (list))))
+          (<| (_.while (|> index (_.+ offset) (_.< size)))
+              ($_ _.then
+                  (_.; (_.set (_.nth index output) (_.nth (_.+ offset index) input)))
+                  (_.; (_.set index (_.+ (_.int +1) index)))
+                  ))
+          (_.return (..tuple//make (_.- offset size) output))
+          )))
+
   (runtime: (tuple//right lefts tuple)
     (with_vars [last_index_right right_index]
       (<| (_.while (_.bool true))
           ($_ _.then
               (_.; (_.set last_index_right (..last_index tuple)))
               (_.; (_.set right_index (_.+ (_.int +1) lefts)))
-              (_.cond (list [(_.= last_index_right right_index)
+              (_.cond (list [(_.=== last_index_right right_index)
                              (_.return (_.nth right_index tuple))]
                             [(_.> last_index_right right_index)
                              ## Needs recursion.
                              <recur>])
-                      ($_ _.then
-                          (_.echo (_.string (format "[tuple//right] _.array_slice/2" text.new_line)))
-                          (_.return (_.array_slice/2 [tuple right_index]))))
+                      (_.if ..jphp?
+                        (_.return (..tuple//make (_.- right_index (..tuple_size tuple))
+                                                 (..tuple//slice right_index tuple)))
+                        (_.return (..tuple//make (_.- right_index (..tuple_size tuple))
+                                                 (_.array_slice/2 [tuple right_index])))))
               )))))
 
 (def: #export variant_tag_field "_lux_tag")
@@ -222,7 +269,7 @@
         ## sum_flag (_.nth (_.int +1) sum)
         sum_value (_.nth (_.string ..variant_value_field) sum)
         ## sum_value (_.nth (_.int +2) sum)
-        is_last? (_.= ..unit sum_flag)
+        is_last? (_.=== ..unit sum_flag)
         test_recursion! (_.if is_last?
                           ## Must recurse.
                           ($_ _.then
@@ -230,15 +277,15 @@
                               (_.; (_.set sum sum_value)))
                           no_match!)]
     (<| (_.while (_.bool true))
-        (_.cond (list [(_.= sum_tag wantedTag)
-                       (_.if (_.= wantsLast sum_flag)
+        (_.cond (list [(_.=== sum_tag wantedTag)
+                       (_.if (_.=== wantsLast sum_flag)
                          (_.return sum_value)
                          test_recursion!)]
 
                       [(_.< wantedTag sum_tag)
                        test_recursion!]
 
-                      [(_.= ..unit wantsLast)
+                      [(_.=== ..unit wantsLast)
                        (_.return (sum//make (_.- wantedTag sum_tag) sum_flag sum_value))])
                 no_match!))))
 
@@ -247,6 +294,7 @@
   ($_ _.then
       @tuple//make
       @tuple//left
+      @tuple//slice
       @tuple//right
       @sum//make
       @sum//get
@@ -281,12 +329,13 @@
   (let [mask (|> (_.int +1)
                  (_.bit_shl (_.- param (_.int +64)))
                  (_.- (_.int +1)))]
-    (_.return (|> subject
-                  (_.bit_and mask)
-                  (_.bit_shr param)))))
-
-(def: jphp?
-  (_.= (_.string "5.6.99") (_.phpversion/0 [])))
+    ($_ _.then
+        (_.; (_.set param (_.bit_and (_.int +63) param)))
+        (_.if (_.=== (_.int +0) param)
+          (_.return subject)
+          (_.return (|> subject
+                        (_.bit_and mask)
+                        (_.bit_shr param)))))))
 
 (runtime: (i64//char code)
   (_.if ..jphp?
@@ -314,12 +363,12 @@
     (_.if ..jphp?
       ($_ _.then
           (_.; (_.set idx (_.strpos/3 [subject param start])))
-          (_.if (_.= (_.bool false) idx)
+          (_.if (_.=== (_.bool false) idx)
             (_.return ..none)
             (_.return (..some idx))))
       ($_ _.then
           (_.; (_.set idx (_.iconv_strpos/3 [subject param start])))
-          (_.if (_.= (_.bool false) idx)
+          (_.if (_.=== (_.bool false) idx)
             (_.return ..none)
             (_.return (..some idx)))))))
 
@@ -335,15 +384,14 @@
 
 (runtime: (text//char idx text)
   (_.if (|> idx (within? (text//size text)))
-    (let [code_point (: (-> Expression Computation)
-                        (|>> [(_.string "UTF-8") (_.string "UTF-32LE")]
-                             _.iconv/3
-                             [(_.string "V")]
-                             _.unpack/2
-                             (_.nth (_.int +1))))]
-      (_.if ..jphp?
-        (_.return (code_point (_.substr/3 [text idx (_.int +1)])))
-        (_.return (code_point (_.iconv_substr/3 [text idx (_.int +1)])))))
+    (_.if ..jphp?
+      (_.return (_.ord/1 (_.substr/3 [text idx (_.int +1)])))
+      (_.return (|> (_.iconv_substr/3 [text idx (_.int +1)])
+                    [(_.string "UTF-8") (_.string "UTF-32LE")]
+                    _.iconv/3
+                    [(_.string "V")]
+                    _.unpack/2
+                    (_.nth (_.int +1)))))
     (_.throw (_.new (_.constant "Exception") (list (_.string "[Lux Error] Cannot get char from text."))))))
 
 (def: runtime//text
@@ -359,14 +407,14 @@
   (with_vars [output]
     ($_ _.then
         (_.; (_.set output (_.floatval/1 value)))
-        (_.if (_.= (_.float +0.0) output)
+        (_.if (_.=== (_.float +0.0) output)
           (_.if ($_ _.or
-                    (_.= (_.string "0.0") output)
-                    (_.= (_.string "+0.0") output)
-                    (_.= (_.string "-0.0") output)
-                    (_.= (_.string "0") output)
-                    (_.= (_.string "+0") output)
-                    (_.= (_.string "-0") output))
+                    (_.=== (_.string "0.0") output)
+                    (_.=== (_.string "+0.0") output)
+                    (_.=== (_.string "-0.0") output)
+                    (_.=== (_.string "0") output)
+                    (_.=== (_.string "+0") output)
+                    (_.=== (_.string "-0") output))
             (_.return (..some output))
             (_.return ..none))
           (_.return (..some output)))
@@ -380,7 +428,7 @@
 
 (def: check_necessary_conditions!
   Statement
-  (let [i64_support? (_.= (_.int +8) (_.constant "PHP_INT_SIZE"))
+  (let [i64_support? (_.=== (_.int +8) (_.constant "PHP_INT_SIZE"))
         i64_error (_.string (format "Cannot run program!" text.new_line
                                     "Lux/PHP programs require 64-bit PHP builds!"))]
     (_.when (_.not i64_support?)
@@ -390,6 +438,7 @@
   Statement
   ($_ _.then
       check_necessary_conditions!
+      runtime//array
       runtime//adt
       runtime//lux
       runtime//i64
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/structure.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/structure.lux
index 307417c6c..ed4fe4ae1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/structure.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/php/structure.lux
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
   [lux #*
    [abstract
     ["." monad (#+ do)]]
+   [data
+    [collection
+     ["." list]]]
    [target
     ["_" php (#+ Expression)]]]
   ["." // #_
@@ -23,9 +26,13 @@
     (generate archive singletonS)
 
     _
-    (|> elemsS+
-        (monad.map ///////phase.monad (generate archive))
-        (///////phase\map _.array/*))))
+    (let [size (_.int (.int (list.size elemsS+)))]
+      (|> elemsS+
+          (monad.map ///////phase.monad (generate archive))
+          ## (///////phase\map (|>> (list& (_.key_value (_.string //runtime.tuple_size_field) size))
+          ##                        _.array/*))
+          (///////phase\map (|>> _.array/*
+                                 (//runtime.tuple//make size)))))))
 
 (def: #export (variant generate archive [lefts right? valueS])
   (Generator (Variant Synthesis))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/ruby/case.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/ruby/case.lux
index e21957afe..2249874b5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/ruby/case.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/ruby/case.lux
@@ -129,13 +129,7 @@
   Statement
   (_.set (list @cursor) (|> @savepoint (_.do "pop" (list)))))
 
-(def: #export symbol
-  (_.symbol "lux_break"))
-
-(def: fail!
-  _.break
-  ## (_.throw/1 ..symbol)
-  )
+(def: fail! _.break)
 
 (def: (multi_pop! pops)
   (-> Nat Statement)
@@ -161,7 +155,6 @@
 
 (def: (with_looping in_closure? g!once g!continue? body!)
   (-> Bit LVar LVar Statement Statement)
-  ## (_.catch ..symbol body!)
   (.if in_closure?
     ($_ _.then
         (_.while (_.bool true)
@@ -178,8 +171,7 @@
                   (_.set (list g!continue?) (_.bool true))
                   _.break)))
         (_.when g!continue?
-                _.next)))
-  )
+                _.next))))
 
 (def: (alternation in_closure? g!once g!continue? pre! post!)
   (-> Bit LVar LVar Statement Statement Statement)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/type.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/type.lux
index ee7140e8b..77060876f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/type.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/type.lux
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (.module: {#.doc "Basic functionality for working with types."}
   [lux (#- function)
+   ["@" target]
    [abstract
     [equivalence (#+ Equivalence)]
     [monad (#+ Monad do)]]
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@
   (Equivalence Type)
   
   (def: (= x y)
-    (or (is? x y)
+    (or (for {@.php false} ## TODO: Remove this once JPHP is gone.
+             (is? x y))
         (case [x y]
           [(#.Primitive xname xparams) (#.Primitive yname yparams)]
           (and (text\= xname yname)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/type/check.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/type/check.lux
index 8f79817c0..c308d49c0 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/type/check.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/type/check.lux
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (.module: {#.doc "Type-checking functionality."}
   [lux #*
+   ["@" target]
    [abstract
     [functor (#+ Functor)]
     [apply (#+ Apply)]
@@ -548,7 +549,8 @@
 (def: #export (check' assumptions expected actual)
   {#.doc "Type-check to ensure that the 'expected' type subsumes the 'actual' type."}
   (Checker Type)
-  (if (is? expected actual)
+  (if (for {@.php false} ## TODO: Remove this once JPHP is gone.
+           (is? expected actual))
     (check\wrap assumptions)
     (with type_check_failed [expected actual]
       (case [expected actual]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/world/file.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/world/file.lux
index 0d6958d23..52a56aa04 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/world/file.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/world/file.lux
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@
     [security
      ["!" capability (#+ capability:)]]]
    [data
+    ["." bit ("#\." equivalence)]
     ["." product]
     ["." maybe]
     ["." binary (#+ Binary)]
-    ["." text
+    ["." text ("#\." equivalence)
      ["%" format (#+ format)]]
     [collection
      ["." array (#+ Array)]
@@ -1350,6 +1351,223 @@
                        ..default_separator)
                      ))
                )
+
+        @.php
+        (as_is (host.import: (FILE_APPEND Int))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/dir.constants.php
+               (host.import: (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR host.String))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.pack.php
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.unpack.php
+               (host.import: (unpack [host.String host.String] Binary))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.filesystem.php
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.file-get-contents.php
+               (host.import: (file_get_contents [Path] #io #try host.String))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.file-put-contents.php
+               (host.import: (file_put_contents [Path host.String Int] #io #try host.Integer))
+               (host.import: (filemtime [Path] #io #try host.Integer))
+               (host.import: (filesize [Path] #io #try host.Integer))
+               (host.import: (is_executable [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               (host.import: (touch [Path host.Integer] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               (host.import: (rename [Path Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               (host.import: (unlink [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.rmdir.php
+               (host.import: (rmdir [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.scandir.php
+               (host.import: (scandir [Path] #io #try (Array Path)))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.is-file.php
+               (host.import: (is_file [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.is-dir.php
+               (host.import: (is_dir [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mkdir.php
+               (host.import: (mkdir [Path] #io #try host.Boolean))
+
+               (def: byte_array_format "C*")
+               (def: default_separator (..DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR))
+
+               (template [<name>]
+                 [(exception: #export (<name> {file Path})
+                    (exception.report
+                     ["Path" file]))]
+
+                 [cannot_write_to_file]
+                 )
+
+               (`` (structure: (file path)
+                     (-> Path (File IO))
+
+                     (~~ (template [<name> <mode>]
+                           [(def: <name>
+                              (..can_modify
+                               (function (<name> data)
+                                 (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                                   [outcome (..file_put_contents [path ("php pack" ..byte_array_format data) <mode>])]
+                                   (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit outcome))
+                                     (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_write_to_file [path]))
+                                     (wrap []))))))]
+                           
+                           [over_write  +0]
+                           [append      (..FILE_APPEND)]
+                           ))
+
+                     (def: content
+                       (..can_query
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [data (..file_get_contents [path])]
+                            (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit data))
+                              (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_file [path]))
+                              (wrap (..unpack [..byte_array_format data])))))))
+
+                     (def: name
+                       (..can_see
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          (|> path
+                              (text.split_all_with ..default_separator)
+                              list.reverse
+                              list.head
+                              (maybe.default path)))))
+
+                     (def: path
+                       (..can_see
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          path)))
+
+                     (~~ (template [<capability> <name> <ffi> <pipeline>]
+                           [(def: <name>
+                              (<capability>
+                               (function (_ _)
+                                 (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                                   [value (<ffi> [path])]
+                                   (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit value))
+                                     (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_file [path]))
+                                     (wrap (`` (|> value (~~ (template.splice <pipeline>))))))))))]
+
+                           [..can_query size ..filesize [.nat]]
+                           [..can_query last_modified ..filemtime [(i.* +1,000) duration.from_millis instant.absolute]]
+                           ))
+
+                     (def: can_execute?
+                       (..can_query
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          (..is_executable [path]))))
+
+                     (def: modify
+                       (..can_modify
+                        (function (_ moment)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..touch [path (|> moment instant.relative duration.to_millis (i./ +1,000))])]
+                            (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit verdict))
+                              (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_file [path]))
+                              (wrap []))))))
+
+                     (def: move
+                       (..can_open
+                        (function (_ destination)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..rename [path destination])]
+                            (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit verdict))
+                              (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_file [path]))
+                              (wrap (file destination)))))))
+
+                     (def: delete
+                       (..can_delete
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..unlink [path])]
+                            (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit verdict))
+                              (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_file [path]))
+                              (wrap []))))))
+                     ))
+
+               (`` (structure: (directory path)
+                     (-> Path (Directory IO))
+
+                     (def: scope
+                       (..can_see
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          path)))
+
+                     (~~ (template [<name> <test> <constructor> <capability>]
+                           [(def: <name>
+                              (..can_query
+                               (function (_ _)
+                                 (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                                   [children (..scandir [path])]
+                                   (loop [input (|> children
+                                                    array.to_list
+                                                    (list.filter (function (_ child)
+                                                                   (not (or (text\= "." child)
+                                                                            (text\= ".." child))))))
+                                          output (: (List (<capability> IO))
+                                                    (list))]
+                                     (case input
+                                       #.Nil
+                                       (wrap output)
+
+                                       (#.Cons head tail)
+                                       (do !
+                                         [verdict (<test> head)]
+                                         (if verdict
+                                           (recur tail (#.Cons (<constructor> head) output))
+                                           (recur tail output)))))))))]
+
+                           [files ..is_file ..file File]
+                           [directories ..is_dir directory Directory]
+                           ))
+
+                     (def: discard
+                       (..can_delete
+                        (function (_ _)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..rmdir [path])]
+                            (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit verdict))
+                              (\ io.monad wrap (exception.throw ..cannot_find_directory [path]))
+                              (wrap []))))))
+                     ))
+
+               (`` (structure: #export default
+                     (System IO)
+
+                     (~~ (template [<name> <test> <constructor> <exception>]
+                           [(def: <name>
+                              (..can_open
+                               (function (_ path)
+                                 (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                                   [verdict (<test> path)]
+                                   (\ io.monad wrap
+                                      (if verdict
+                                        (#try.Success (<constructor> path))
+                                        (exception.throw <exception> [path])))))))]
+
+                           [file ..is_file ..file ..cannot_find_file]
+                           [directory ..is_dir ..directory ..cannot_find_directory]
+                           ))
+
+                     (def: create_file
+                       (..can_open
+                        (function (_ path)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..touch [path (|> instant.now io.run instant.relative duration.to_millis (i./ +1,000))])]
+                            (\ io.monad wrap
+                               (if verdict
+                                 (#try.Success (..file path))
+                                 (exception.throw ..cannot_create_file [path])))))))
+                     
+                     (def: create_directory
+                       (..can_open
+                        (function (_ path)
+                          (do {! (try.with io.monad)}
+                            [verdict (..mkdir path)]
+                            (\ io.monad wrap
+                               (if verdict
+                                 (#try.Success (..directory path))
+                                 (exception.throw ..cannot_create_directory [path])))))))
+
+                     (def: separator
+                       ..default_separator)
+                     ))
+               )
         }))
 
 (template [<get> <signature> <create> <find> <exception>]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/world/program.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/world/program.lux
index acaf36711..d6fe4c2e3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/world/program.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/world/program.lux
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     [parser
      ["." environment (#+ Environment)]]]
    [data
+    ["." bit ("#\." equivalence)]
     ["." maybe]
     ["." text
      ["%" format (#+ format)]]
@@ -216,7 +217,19 @@
                         (#static home [] #io Path))
 
                       (host.import: Kernel #as RubyKernel
-                        (#static exit [Int] #io Nothing)))}
+                        (#static exit [Int] #io Nothing)))
+
+        @.php
+        (as_is (host.import: (exit [Int] #io Nothing))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.exit.php
+               (host.import: (getcwd [] #io host.String))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.getcwd.php
+               (host.import: (getenv #as getenv/1 [host.String] #io host.String))
+               (host.import: (getenv #as getenv/0 [] #io (Array host.String)))
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.getenv.php
+               ## https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-keys.php
+               (host.import: (array_keys [(Array host.String)] (Array host.String)))
+               )}
        (as_is)))
 
 (structure: #export default
@@ -254,7 +267,15 @@
                        (list\map (function (_ variable)
                                    [variable (RubyEnv::fetch [variable])]))
                        (dictionary.from_list text.hash)
-                       io.io)}
+                       io.io)
+            @.php (do io.monad
+                    [environment (..getenv/0 [])]
+                    (wrap (|> environment
+                              ..array_keys
+                              array.to_list
+                              (list\map (function (_ variable)
+                                          [variable ("php array read" (:coerce Nat variable) environment)]))
+                              (dictionary.from_list text.hash))))}
            ## TODO: Replace dummy implementation.
            (io.io environment.empty))))
   
@@ -270,7 +291,12 @@
                    <default>)
             @.python (os/path::expanduser ["~"])
             @.lua (..run_command "~" "echo ~")
-            @.ruby (RubyDir::home [])}
+            @.ruby (RubyDir::home [])
+            @.php (do io.monad
+                    [output (..getenv/1 ["HOME"])]
+                    (wrap (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit output))
+                            "~"
+                            output)))}
            ## TODO: Replace dummy implementation.
            <default>)))
 
@@ -294,7 +320,12 @@
                     (if (is? default on_windows)
                       (..run_command default "pwd")
                       (wrap on_windows)))
-            @.ruby (RubyFileUtils::pwd [])}
+            @.ruby (RubyFileUtils::pwd [])
+            @.php (do io.monad
+                    [output (..getcwd [])]
+                    (wrap (if (bit\= false (:coerce Bit output))
+                            "."
+                            output)))}
            ## TODO: Replace dummy implementation.
            (io.io <default>))))
   
@@ -314,4 +345,5 @@
                        (..default_exit! code))
             @.python (os::_exit [code])
             @.lua (os/exit [code])
-            @.ruby (RubyKernel::exit [code])}))))
+            @.ruby (RubyKernel::exit [code])
+            @.php (..exit [code])}))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
index ef6177deb..8d9f68922 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
@@ -184,7 +184,8 @@
                            @.js on_valid_host
                            @.python on_valid_host
                            @.lua on_valid_host
-                           @.ruby on_valid_host}
+                           @.ruby on_valid_host
+                           @.php on_valid_host}
                           on_default))))))
 
 (def: conversion_tests
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/remember.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/remember.lux
index bfe18fa5b..1002e3a11 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/remember.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/remember.lux
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    ["." /]})
 
 (def: deadline (Random Date) random.date)
-(def: message (Random Text) (random\map %.nat random.nat))
+(def: message (Random Text) (random.ascii/lower 10))
 (def: focus (Random Code) (random\map code.text (random.ascii/upper 10)))
 
 (def: (to_remember macro deadline message focus)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/extension.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/extension.lux
index 450570c20..cdd934e3e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/extension.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/extension.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
     ["." js]
     ["." python]
     ["." lua]
-    ["." ruby]]
+    ["." ruby]
+    ["." php]]
    [abstract
     [monad (#+ do)]]
    [control
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@
                      @.js (js.string self)
                      @.python (python.unicode self)
                      @.lua (lua.string self)
-                     @.ruby (ruby.string self)})))))
+                     @.ruby (ruby.string self)
+                     @.php (php.string self)})))))
 
 (for {@.old
       (as_is)}
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.php.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.php.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b6cac81b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.php.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux #*
+   ["_" test (#+ Test)]
+   [abstract
+    [monad (#+ do)]]
+   [control
+    ["." try]]
+   [data
+    ["." text ("#\." equivalence)]]
+   [math
+    ["." random (#+ Random)]
+    [number
+     ["." nat]
+     ["." frac]]]]
+  {1
+   ["." /]})
+
+(def: #export test
+  Test
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    []
+    (<| (_.covering /._)
+        (_.test "TBD"
+                true))))