Fixes for the pure-Lux JVM compiler machinery. [Part 9]

29 files changed, 570 insertions, 426 deletions

diff --git a/documentation/bookmark/game/mechanic/relationship.md b/documentation/bookmark/game/mechanic/relationship.md
index 39166ebdc..9f2c69f82 100644
--- a/documentation/bookmark/game/mechanic/relationship.md
+++ b/documentation/bookmark/game/mechanic/relationship.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Reference
 
+0. [Knights with Squires || D&D & Dael Kingsmill](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cM5A3UzSl1k)
 0. [Homebrew Wizard's Familiars || D&D with Dael Kingsmill](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgKVm3q9vcI)
 0. [Brenda Romero - Dynamic Relationships and Traits in Empire of Sin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vf3HO3wn20)
 
diff --git a/documentation/bookmark/hardware.md b/documentation/bookmark/hardware.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5378d55f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bookmark/hardware.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Reference
+
+0. [Heterogeneous Modern C++ with SYCL 2020 - Michael Wong, Nevin Liber, Tom Deakin & Gordon Brown](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5awOtaJw8XM)
+
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
index fbe5f943c..31bc63a43 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@
   [rev rev! /.rev Rev rev.equivalence]
   [frac frac! /.frac Frac frac.equivalence]
   [text text! /.text Text text.equivalence]
-  [local local! /.variable/local Nat nat.equivalence]
-  [foreign foreign! /.variable/foreign Nat nat.equivalence]
+  [local local! /.local Nat nat.equivalence]
+  [foreign foreign! /.foreign Nat nat.equivalence]
   [constant constant! /.constant Symbol symbol.equivalence]
   )
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/attribute.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/attribute.lux
index 029f7f0fd..e070c6326 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/attribute.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/attribute.lux
@@ -1,29 +1,31 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux {"-" Info Code}
-    [abstract
-     [monad {"+" do}]
-     ["[0]" equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]]
-    [control
-     ["[0]" try]
-     ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" sum]
-     ["[0]" product]
-     [format
-      ["[0]F" binary {"+" Writer}]]]
-    [math
-     [number
-      ["n" nat]]]]]
-  ["[0]" // "_"
-   ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
-   [encoding
-    ["[1][0]" unsigned {"+" U2 U4}]]
-   ["[1][0]" constant {"+" UTF8 Class Value}
-    ["[1]/[0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource}]]]
-  ["[0]" / "_"
-   ["[1][0]" constant {"+" Constant}]
-   ["[1][0]" code]])
+ [library
+  [lux {"-" Info Code Type}
+   [abstract
+    [monad {"+" do}]
+    ["[0]" equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]]
+   [control
+    ["[0]" try]
+    ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" sum]
+    ["[0]" product]
+    [format
+     ["[0]F" binary {"+" Writer}]]]
+   [math
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]]]]
+ ["[0]" // "_"
+  ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
+  ["[1][0]" type {"+" Type}
+   ["[2][0]" signature {"+" Signature}]]
+  [encoding
+   ["[1][0]" unsigned {"+" U2 U4}]]
+  ["[1][0]" constant {"+" UTF8 Class Value}
+   ["[2][0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource} ("[1]#[0]" monad)]]]
+ ["[0]" / "_"
+  ["[1][0]" constant {"+" Constant}]
+  ["[1][0]" code]])
 
 (type: .public (Info about)
   (Record
@@ -56,7 +58,8 @@
     (Rec Attribute
       (Variant
        {#Constant (Info (Constant Any))}
-       {#Code (Info <Code>)})))
+       {#Code (Info <Code>)}
+       {#Signature (Info (Index UTF8))})))
 
   (type: .public Code
     <Code>)
@@ -68,7 +71,9 @@
    (function (_ equivalence)
      ($_ sum.equivalence
          (info_equivalence /constant.equivalence)
-         (info_equivalence (/code.equivalence equivalence))))))
+         (info_equivalence (/code.equivalence equivalence))
+         (info_equivalence //index.equivalence)
+         ))))
 
 (def: common_attribute_length
   ($_ n.+
@@ -85,24 +90,24 @@
       [{<tag> [name length info]}
        (|> length //unsigned.value (n.+ ..common_attribute_length))])
     ([#Constant]
-     [#Code])))
+     [#Code]
+     [#Signature])))
 
 ... TODO: Inline ASAP
-(def: (constant' @name index)
-  (-> (Index UTF8) (Constant Any) Attribute)
+(def: (constant' index @name)
+  (-> (Constant Any) (Index UTF8) Attribute)
   {#Constant [#name @name
+              ... https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.7.2
               #length (|> /constant.length //unsigned.u4 try.trusted)
               #info index]})
 
 (def: .public (constant index)
   (-> (Constant Any) (Resource Attribute))
-  (do //constant/pool.monad
-    [@name (//constant/pool.utf8 "ConstantValue")]
-    (in (constant' @name index))))
+  (//pool#each (constant' index) (//pool.utf8 "ConstantValue")))
 
 ... TODO: Inline ASAP
-(def: (code' @name specification)
-  (-> (Index UTF8) Code Attribute)
+(def: (code' specification @name)
+  (-> Code (Index UTF8) Attribute)
   {#Code [#name @name
           ... https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.7.3
           #length (|> specification
@@ -113,15 +118,31 @@
 
 (def: .public (code specification)
   (-> Code (Resource Attribute))
-  (do //constant/pool.monad
-    [@name (//constant/pool.utf8 "Code")]
-    (in (code' @name specification))))
+  (//pool#each (code' specification) (//pool.utf8 "Code")))
 
-(def: .public (writer value)
+... TODO: Inline ASAP
+(def: (signature' it @name)
+  (-> (Index UTF8) (Index UTF8) Attribute)
+  {#Signature [#name @name
+               ... https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.7.9
+               #length (|> //index.length //unsigned.u4 try.trusted)
+               #info it]})
+
+(def: .public (signature it)
+  (All (_ category)
+    (-> (Type category) (Resource Attribute)))
+  (do [! //pool.monad]
+    [it (|> it //type.signature //signature.signature //pool.utf8)]
+    (# ! each (signature' it) (//pool.utf8 "Signature"))))
+
+(def: .public (writer it)
   (Writer Attribute)
-  (case value
-    {#Constant attribute}
-    ((info_writer /constant.writer) attribute)
+  (case it
+    {#Constant it}
+    ((info_writer /constant.writer) it)
     
-    {#Code attribute}
-    ((info_writer (/code.writer writer)) attribute)))
+    {#Code it}
+    ((info_writer (/code.writer writer)) it)
+
+    {#Signature it}
+    ((info_writer //index.writer) it)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/class.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/class.lux
index 1ba0ae62d..7a342dd54 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/class.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/class.lux
@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux {"-" public private}
-    [abstract
-     [equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]
-     ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]]
-    [control
-     ["[0]" state]
-     ["[0]" try {"+" Try}]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" product]
-     [format
-      ["[0]F" binary {"+" Writer} ("[1]#[0]" monoid)]]
-     [collection
-      ["[0]" sequence {"+" Sequence}]]]]]
-  ["[0]" // "_"
-   ["[1][0]" modifier {"+" Modifier modifiers:}]
-   ["[1][0]" version {"+" Version Minor Major}]
-   ["[1][0]" magic {"+" Magic}]
-   ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
-   ["[1][0]" attribute {"+" Attribute}]
-   ["[1][0]" field {"+" Field}]
-   ["[1][0]" method {"+" Method}]
-   [encoding
-    ["[1][0]" unsigned]
-    ["[1][0]" name {"+" Internal}]]
-   ["[1][0]" constant {"+" Constant}
-    ["[1]/[0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource}]]])
+ [library
+  [lux {"-" Type public private}
+   [abstract
+    [equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]
+    ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]]
+   [control
+    ["[0]" state]
+    ["[0]" try {"+" Try}]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" product]
+    [format
+     ["[0]F" binary {"+" Writer} ("[1]#[0]" monoid)]]
+    [collection
+     ["[0]" sequence {"+" Sequence}]]]]]
+ ["[0]" // "_"
+  ["[1][0]" modifier {"+" Modifier modifiers:}]
+  ["[1][0]" version {"+" Version Minor Major}]
+  ["[1][0]" magic {"+" Magic}]
+  ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
+  ["[1][0]" attribute {"+" Attribute}]
+  ["[1][0]" field {"+" Field}]
+  ["[1][0]" method {"+" Method}]
+  [encoding
+   ["[1][0]" unsigned]
+   ["[1][0]" name {"+" Internal}]]
+  ["[1][0]" type {"+" Type}
+   [category {"+" Declaration}]]
+  ["[1][0]" constant {"+" Constant}
+   ["[2][0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource}]]])
 
 (type: .public Class
   (Rec Class
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@
       //unsigned.equivalence
       //unsigned.equivalence
       //unsigned.equivalence
-      //constant/pool.equivalence
+      //pool.equivalence
       //modifier.equivalence
       //index.equivalence
       //index.equivalence
@@ -71,35 +73,36 @@
 (def: (install_classes this super interfaces)
   (-> Internal Internal (List Internal)
       (Resource [(Index //constant.Class) (Index //constant.Class) (Sequence (Index //constant.Class))]))
-  (do [! //constant/pool.monad]
-    [@this (//constant/pool.class this)
-     @super (//constant/pool.class super)
+  (do [! //pool.monad]
+    [@this (//pool.class this)
+     @super (//pool.class super)
      @interfaces (: (Resource (Sequence (Index //constant.Class)))
                     (monad.mix ! (function (_ interface @interfaces)
                                    (do !
-                                     [@interface (//constant/pool.class interface)]
+                                     [@interface (//pool.class interface)]
                                      (in (sequence.suffix @interface @interfaces))))
                                sequence.empty
                                interfaces))]
     (in [@this @super @interfaces])))
 
 (def: .public (class version modifier
-                     this super interfaces
+                     this type super interfaces
                      fields methods attributes)
   (-> Major (Modifier Class)
-      Internal Internal (List Internal)
+      Internal (Type Declaration) Internal (List Internal)
       (List (Resource Field))
       (List (Resource Method))
       (Sequence Attribute)
       (Try Class))
   (do try.monad
-    [[pool [@this @super @interfaces] =fields =methods]
-     (<| (state.result' //constant/pool.empty)
-         (do //constant/pool.monad
+    [[pool [@this @super @interfaces] =fields =methods @signature]
+     (<| (state.result' //pool.empty)
+         (do [! //pool.monad]
            [classes (install_classes this super interfaces)
-            =fields (monad.all //constant/pool.monad fields)
-            =methods (monad.all //constant/pool.monad methods)]
-           (in [classes =fields =methods])))]
+            =fields (monad.all ! fields)
+            =methods (monad.all ! methods)
+            @signature (//attribute.signature type)]
+           (in [classes =fields =methods @signature])))]
     (in [#magic //magic.code
          #minor_version //version.default_minor
          #major_version version
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@
          #interfaces @interfaces
          #fields (sequence.of_list =fields)
          #methods (sequence.of_list =methods)
-         #attributes attributes])))
+         #attributes (sequence.suffix @signature attributes)])))
 
 (def: .public (writer class)
   (Writer Class)
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@
                 [//magic.writer #magic]
                 [//version.writer #minor_version]
                 [//version.writer #major_version]
-                [//constant/pool.writer #constant_pool]
+                [//pool.writer #constant_pool]
                 [//modifier.writer #modifier]
                 [//index.writer #this]
                 [//index.writer #super]))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/method.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/method.lux
index 2e0daf01b..48bd523e8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/method.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/method.lux
@@ -1,37 +1,38 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux {"-" Type static public private}
-    [abstract
-     [equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]
-     ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]]
-    [control
-     ["[0]" try]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" product]
-     ["[0]" format "_"
-      ["[1]" binary {"+" Writer} ("[1]#[0]" monoid)]]
-     [collection
-      ["[0]" sequence {"+" Sequence}]]]]]
-  ["[0]" // "_"
-   ["[1][0]" modifier {"+" Modifier modifiers:}]
-   ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
-   ["[1][0]" attribute {"+" Attribute}
-    ["[1]/[0]" code]]
-   ["[1][0]" constant {"+" UTF8}
-    ["[1]/[0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource}]]
-   ["[1][0]" bytecode {"+" Bytecode}
-    ["[1]/[0]" environment {"+" Environment}]
-    ["[1]/[0]" instruction]]
-   ["[1][0]" type {"+" Type}
-    ["[1]/[0]" category]
-    ["[1][0]" descriptor {"+" Descriptor}]]])
+ [library
+  [lux {"-" Type static public private}
+   [abstract
+    [equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]
+    ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]]
+   [control
+    ["[0]" try]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" product]
+    ["[0]" format "_"
+     ["[1]" binary {"+" Writer} ("[1]#[0]" monoid)]]
+    [collection
+     ["[0]" sequence {"+" Sequence}]]]]]
+ ["[0]" // "_"
+  ["[1][0]" modifier {"+" Modifier modifiers:}]
+  ["[1][0]" index {"+" Index}]
+  ["[1][0]" attribute {"+" Attribute}
+   ["[2][0]" code]]
+  ["[1][0]" constant {"+" UTF8}
+   ["[2][0]" pool {"+" Pool Resource}]]
+  ["[1][0]" bytecode {"+" Bytecode}
+   ["[2][0]" environment {"+" Environment}]
+   ["[2][0]" instruction]]
+  ["[1][0]" type {"+" Type}
+   [descriptor {"+" Descriptor}]
+   ["[2][0]" category]
+   ["[2][0]" signature]]])
 
 (type: .public Method
   (Rec Method
     (Record
      [#modifier (Modifier Method)
       #name (Index UTF8)
-      #descriptor (Index (Descriptor //type/category.Method))
+      #descriptor (Index (Descriptor //category.Method))
       #attributes (Sequence Attribute)])))
 
 (modifiers: Method
@@ -50,31 +51,32 @@
   )
 
 (def: .public (method modifier name type attributes code)
-  (-> (Modifier Method) UTF8 (Type //type/category.Method) (List (Resource Attribute)) (Maybe (Bytecode Any))
+  (-> (Modifier Method) UTF8 (Type //category.Method) (List (Resource Attribute)) (Maybe (Bytecode Any))
       (Resource Method))
-  (do [! //constant/pool.monad]
-    [@name (//constant/pool.utf8 name)
-     @descriptor (//constant/pool.descriptor (//type.descriptor type))
+  (do [! //pool.monad]
+    [@name (//pool.utf8 name)
+     @descriptor (//pool.descriptor (//type.descriptor type))
      attributes (|> attributes
+                    (list& (//attribute.signature type))
                     (monad.all !)
                     (# ! each sequence.of_list))
      attributes (case code
                   {.#Some code}
                   (do !
                     [environment (case (if (//modifier.has? static modifier)
-                                         (//bytecode/environment.static type)
-                                         (//bytecode/environment.virtual type))
+                                         (//environment.static type)
+                                         (//environment.virtual type))
                                    {try.#Success environment}
                                    (in environment)
                                    
                                    {try.#Failure error}
                                    (function (_ _) {try.#Failure error}))
                      [environment exceptions instruction output] (//bytecode.resolve environment code)
-                     .let [bytecode (|> instruction //bytecode/instruction.result format.instance)]
-                     @code (//attribute.code [//attribute/code.#limit (value@ //bytecode/environment.#limit environment)
-                                              //attribute/code.#code bytecode
-                                              //attribute/code.#exception_table exceptions
-                                              //attribute/code.#attributes (sequence.sequence)])]
+                     .let [bytecode (|> instruction //instruction.result format.instance)]
+                     @code (//attribute.code [//code.#limit (value@ //environment.#limit environment)
+                                              //code.#code bytecode
+                                              //code.#exception_table exceptions
+                                              //code.#attributes (sequence.sequence)])]
                     (in (sequence.suffix @code attributes)))
                   
                   {.#None}
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/reflection.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/reflection.lux
index 9496a9906..1462acd76 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/reflection.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/reflection.lux
@@ -78,38 +78,15 @@
    (getGenericType [] java/lang/reflect/Type)
    (getDeclaredAnnotations [] [java/lang/annotation/Annotation])])
 
-(import: java/lang/reflect/Method
-  ["[1]::[0]"
-   (getName [] java/lang/String)
-   (getModifiers [] int)
-   (getDeclaringClass [] (java/lang/Class java/lang/Object))
-   (getTypeParameters [] [(java/lang/reflect/TypeVariable java/lang/reflect/Method)])
-   (getGenericParameterTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
-   (getGenericReturnType [] java/lang/reflect/Type)
-   (getGenericExceptionTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])])
-
-(import: (java/lang/reflect/Constructor c)
-  ["[1]::[0]"
-   (getModifiers [] int)
-   (getDeclaringClass [] (java/lang/Class c))
-   (getTypeParameters [] [(java/lang/reflect/TypeVariable (java/lang/reflect/Constructor c))])
-   (getGenericParameterTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
-   (getGenericExceptionTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])])
-
 (import: java/lang/ClassLoader)
 
 (import: (java/lang/Class c)
   ["[1]::[0]"
    ("static" forName [java/lang/String boolean java/lang/ClassLoader] "try" (java/lang/Class java/lang/Object))
    (getName [] java/lang/String)
-   (getModifiers [] int)
    (isAssignableFrom [(java/lang/Class java/lang/Object)] boolean)
    (getTypeParameters [] [(java/lang/reflect/TypeVariable (java/lang/Class c))])
-   (getGenericInterfaces [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
-   (getGenericSuperclass [] "?" java/lang/reflect/Type)
-   (getDeclaredField [java/lang/String] "try" java/lang/reflect/Field)
-   (getConstructors [] [(java/lang/reflect/Constructor java/lang/Object)])
-   (getDeclaredMethods [] [java/lang/reflect/Method])])
+   (getDeclaredField [java/lang/String] "try" java/lang/reflect/Field)])
 
 (exception: .public (unknown_class [class External])
   (exception.report
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/parser.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/parser.lux
index 5aa5fc3f1..76289b082 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/parser.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/parser.lux
@@ -200,9 +200,17 @@
 
 (def: exception
   (Parser (Type Class))
-  (|> (..class' ..parameter)
+  (|> ..class
       (<>.after (<text>.this //signature.exception_prefix))))
 
+(def: .public var_declaration
+  (Parser [(Type Var) (Type Class)])
+  (do <>.monad
+    [name ..var_name
+     _ (<text>.this //signature.format_type_parameter_infix)
+     type ..class]
+    (in [(//.var name) type])))
+
 (def: .public method
   (-> (Type Method)
       [(List (Type Var))
@@ -214,7 +222,7 @@
                            (Type Return)
                            (List (Type Class))])
                   ($_ <>.and
-                      (|> (<>.some ..var)
+                      (|> (<>.some (<>#each product.left ..var_declaration))
                           (<>.after (<text>.this //signature.parameters_start))
                           (<>.before (<text>.this //signature.parameters_end))
                           (<>.else (list)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/signature.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/signature.lux
index b19087691..f38e433b5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/signature.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/type/signature.lux
@@ -109,15 +109,19 @@
     (-> (Signature Declaration) (Signature Class))
     (|>> :transmutation))
 
-  (def: .public arguments_start "(")
-  (def: .public arguments_end ")")
+  (template [<char> <name>]
+    [(def: .public <name> <char>)]
 
-  (def: .public exception_prefix "^")
+    ["(" arguments_start]
+    [")" arguments_end]
+    ["^" exception_prefix]
+    [":" format_type_parameter_infix]
+    )
 
   (def: class_bound
     (|> (..class "java.lang.Object" (list))
         ..signature
-        (format ":")))
+        (format ..format_type_parameter_infix)))
 
   (def: .public (method [type_variables inputs output exceptions])
     (-> [(List (Signature Var))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
index 0f1d59581..643a1b428 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 (.using
  [library
-  [lux {"-" Tuple Variant nat int rev case}
+  [lux {"-" Tuple Variant nat int rev case local}
    [abstract
     [equivalence {"+" Equivalence}]
     [hash {"+" Hash}]
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
 (type: .public (Abstraction c)
   [(Environment c) Arity c])
 
-(type: .public (Application c)
+(type: .public (Reification c)
   [c (List c)])
 
 (template: .public (no_op value)
@@ -149,15 +149,15 @@
        {..#Function (list)}
        {..#Apply value})])
 
-(def: .public (apply [abstraction inputs])
-  (-> (Application Analysis) Analysis)
+(def: .public (reified [abstraction inputs])
+  (-> (Reification Analysis) Analysis)
   (list#mix (function (_ input abstraction')
               {#Apply input abstraction'})
             abstraction
             inputs))
 
-(def: .public (application analysis)
-  (-> Analysis (Application Analysis))
+(def: .public (reification analysis)
+  (-> Analysis (Reification Analysis))
   (loop [abstraction analysis
          inputs (list)]
     (.case abstraction
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@
                        <tag>
                        (~ content))))))]
 
-  [variable         {reference.#Variable}]
-  [constant         {reference.#Constant}]
+  [variable {reference.#Variable}]
+  [constant {reference.#Constant}]
 
-  [variable/local   ((~! reference.local))]
-  [variable/foreign ((~! reference.foreign))]
+  [local    ((~! reference.local))]
+  [foreign  ((~! reference.foreign))]
   )
 
 (template [<name> <tag>]
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
     
     {#Apply _}
     (|> analysis
-        ..application
+        ..reification
         {.#Item}
         (list#each format)
         (text.interposed " ")
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis.lux
index 9db69a2c3..fb64abaf3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis.lux
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     ["[0]" location]]]]
  ["[0]" / "_"
   ["[1][0]" type]
-  ["[1][0]" primitive]
+  ["[1][0]" simple]
   ["[1][0]" structure]
   ["[1][0]" reference]
   ["[1][0]" case]
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@
     (^template [<tag> <analyser>]
       [{<tag> value}
        (<analyser> value)])
-    ([.#Bit  /primitive.bit]
-     [.#Nat  /primitive.nat]
-     [.#Int  /primitive.int]
-     [.#Rev  /primitive.rev]
-     [.#Frac /primitive.frac]
-     [.#Text /primitive.text])
+    ([.#Bit  /simple.bit]
+     [.#Nat  /simple.nat]
+     [.#Int  /simple.int]
+     [.#Rev  /simple.rev]
+     [.#Frac /simple.frac]
+     [.#Text /simple.text])
 
     (^ {.#Variant (list& [_ {.#Symbol tag}]
                          values)})
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/function.lux
index 4bca170c3..1b4b38a7c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/function.lux
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux {"-" function}
-    [abstract
-     monad]
-    [control
-     ["[0]" maybe]
-     ["ex" exception {"+" exception:}]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" text
-      ["%" format {"+" format}]]
-     [collection
-      ["[0]" list ("[1]#[0]" monoid monad)]]]
-    ["[0]" type
-     ["[0]" check]]
-    ["[0]" meta]]]
-  ["[0]" // "_"
-   ["[1][0]" scope]
-   ["[1][0]" type]
-   ["[1][0]" inference]
-   ["/[1]" // "_"
-    ["[1][0]" extension]
-    [//
-     ["/" analysis {"+" Analysis Operation Phase}]
-     [///
-      ["[1]" phase]
-      [reference {"+"}
-       [variable {"+"}]]]]]])
+ [library
+  [lux {"-" function}
+   [abstract
+    monad]
+   [control
+    ["[0]" maybe]
+    ["ex" exception {"+" exception:}]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" text
+     ["%" format {"+" format}]]
+    [collection
+     ["[0]" list ("[1]#[0]" monoid monad)]]]
+   ["[0]" type
+    ["[0]" check]]
+   ["[0]" meta]]]
+ ["[0]" // "_"
+  ["[1][0]" scope]
+  ["[1][0]" type]
+  ["[1][0]" inference]
+  ["/[1]" // "_"
+   ["[1][0]" extension]
+   [//
+    ["/" analysis {"+" Analysis Operation Phase}]
+    [///
+     ["[1]" phase]
+     [reference {"+"}
+      [variable {"+"}]]]]]])
 
 (exception: .public (cannot_analyse [expected Type
                                      function Text
@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@
   (<| (/.with_stack ..cannot_apply [functionT functionC argsC+])
       (do ///.monad
         [[applyT argsA+] (//inference.general archive analyse functionT argsC+)])
-      (in (/.apply [functionA argsA+]))))
+      (in (/.reified [functionA argsA+]))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/primitive.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/simple.lux
index 69984ab22..7d65b62cf 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/primitive.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/simple.lux
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  [library
   [lux {"-" nat int rev}
    [abstract
-    monad]]]
+    [monad {"+" do}]]]]
  ["[0]" // "_"
   ["[1][0]" type]
   ["/[1]" // "_"
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/structure.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/structure.lux
index bcc0a82fe..12f00a8aa 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/structure.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/structure.lux
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
      ["[0]" check]]]]
   ["[0]" // "_"
    ["[1][0]" type]
-   ["[1][0]" primitive]
+   ["[1][0]" simple]
    ["[1][0]" inference]
    ["/[1]" // "_"
     ["[1][0]" extension]
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@
   (-> Archive Phase (List Code) (Operation Analysis))
   (case members
     (^ (list))
-    //primitive.unit
+    //simple.unit
 
     (^ (list singletonC))
     (analyse archive singletonC)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/jvm.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/jvm.lux
index 1e6c6af8e..0f076e04a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/jvm.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/analysis/jvm.lux
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
      ["[0]" list ("[1]#[0]" mix monad monoid)]
      ["[0]" array]
      ["[0]" dictionary {"+" Dictionary}]]]
+   [macro
+    ["[0]" template]]
    [math
     [number
      ["n" nat]]]
@@ -89,9 +91,13 @@
    (getDeclaringClass [] (java/lang/Class java/lang/Object))
    (getTypeParameters [] [(java/lang/reflect/TypeVariable java/lang/reflect/Method)])
    (getGenericParameterTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
-   (getGenericReturnType [] java/lang/reflect/Type)
-   (getGenericExceptionTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
-   (getDeclaredAnnotations [] [java/lang/annotation/Annotation])])
+   (getDeclaredAnnotations [] [java/lang/annotation/Annotation])
+   
+   (getReturnType [] (java/lang/Class java/lang/Object))
+   (getGenericReturnType [] "?" java/lang/reflect/Type)
+   
+   (getExceptionTypes [] [(java/lang/Class java/lang/Object)])
+   (getGenericExceptionTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])])
 
 (import: (java/lang/reflect/Constructor c)
   ["[1]::[0]"
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@
    (getDeclaringClass [] (java/lang/Class c))
    (getTypeParameters [] [(java/lang/reflect/TypeVariable (java/lang/reflect/Constructor c))])
    (getGenericParameterTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
+   (getExceptionTypes [] [(java/lang/Class java/lang/Object)])
    (getGenericExceptionTypes [] [java/lang/reflect/Type])
    (getDeclaredAnnotations [] [java/lang/annotation/Annotation])])
 
@@ -1183,6 +1190,31 @@
         mapping (dictionary.of_list text.hash lux_tvars)]
     [owner_tvarsT mapping]))
 
+(def: (lux_class it)
+  (-> (java/lang/Class java/lang/Object) (Type Class))
+  (jvm.class (java/lang/Class::getName it) (list)))
+
+(template [<name> <type> <params>]
+  [(`` (def: <name>
+         (-> (<type> (~~ (template.spliced <params>))) (List (Type Class)))
+         (|>> (~~ (template.symbol [<type> "::getExceptionTypes"]))
+              (array.list {.#None})
+              (list#each ..lux_class))))]
+
+  [concrete_method_exceptions java/lang/reflect/Method []]
+  [concrete_constructor_exceptions java/lang/reflect/Constructor [java/lang/Object]]
+  )
+
+(def: (return_type it)
+  (-> java/lang/reflect/Method (Try (Type Return)))
+  (reflection!.return
+   (case (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericReturnType it)
+     {.#Some it}
+     it
+     
+     {.#None}
+     (java/lang/reflect/Method::getReturnType it))))
+
 (def: (method_signature method_style method)
   (-> Method_Style java/lang/reflect/Method (Operation Method_Signature))
   (let [owner (java/lang/reflect/Method::getDeclaringClass method)
@@ -1205,16 +1237,17 @@
                    (phase#each (monad.each ! (..reflection_type mapping)))
                    phase#conjoint)
        outputT (|> method
-                   java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericReturnType
-                   reflection!.return
+                   ..return_type
                    phase.lifted
                    (phase#each (..reflection_return mapping))
                    phase#conjoint)
-       exceptionsT (|> (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericExceptionTypes method)
-                       (array.list {.#None})
-                       (monad.each ! (|>> reflection!.type phase.lifted))
-                       (phase#each (monad.each ! (..reflection_type mapping)))
-                       phase#conjoint)
+       .let [concrete_exceptions (..concrete_method_exceptions method)]
+       concrete_exceptions (monad.each ! (..reflection_type mapping) concrete_exceptions)
+       generic_exceptions (|> (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericExceptionTypes method)
+                              (array.list {.#None})
+                              (monad.each ! (|>> reflection!.type phase.lifted))
+                              (phase#each (monad.each ! (..reflection_type mapping)))
+                              phase#conjoint)
        .let [methodT (<| (type.univ_q (dictionary.size mapping))
                          (type.function (case method_style
                                           {#Static}
@@ -1226,7 +1259,9 @@
                          outputT)]]
       (in [methodT
            (reflection!.deprecated? (java/lang/reflect/Method::getDeclaredAnnotations method))
-           exceptionsT]))))
+           (if (list.empty? generic_exceptions)
+             concrete_exceptions
+             generic_exceptions)]))))
 
 (def: (constructor_signature constructor)
   (-> (java/lang/reflect/Constructor java/lang/Object) (Operation Method_Signature))
@@ -1244,18 +1279,22 @@
                    (monad.each ! (|>> reflection!.type phase.lifted))
                    (phase#each (monad.each ! (reflection_type mapping)))
                    phase#conjoint)
-       exceptionsT (|> (java/lang/reflect/Constructor::getGenericExceptionTypes constructor)
-                       (array.list {.#None})
-                       (monad.each ! (|>> reflection!.type phase.lifted))
-                       (phase#each (monad.each ! (reflection_type mapping)))
-                       phase#conjoint)
+       .let [concrete_exceptions (..concrete_constructor_exceptions constructor)]
+       concrete_exceptions (monad.each ! (..reflection_type mapping) concrete_exceptions)
+       generic_exceptions (|> (java/lang/reflect/Constructor::getGenericExceptionTypes constructor)
+                              (array.list {.#None})
+                              (monad.each ! (|>> reflection!.type phase.lifted))
+                              (phase#each (monad.each ! (reflection_type mapping)))
+                              phase#conjoint)
        .let [objectT {.#Primitive (java/lang/Class::getName owner) owner_tvarsT}
              constructorT (<| (type.univ_q (dictionary.size mapping))
                               (type.function inputsT)
                               objectT)]]
       (in [constructorT
            (reflection!.deprecated? (java/lang/reflect/Constructor::getDeclaredAnnotations constructor))
-           exceptionsT]))))
+           (if (list.empty? generic_exceptions)
+             concrete_exceptions
+             generic_exceptions)]))))
 
 (type: Evaluation
   (Variant
@@ -1572,14 +1611,15 @@
                            inputs (|> (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericParameterTypes method)
                                       (array.list {.#None})
                                       (monad.each ! reflection!.type))
-                           return (|> method
-                                      java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericReturnType
-                                      reflection!.return)
-                           exceptions (|> (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericExceptionTypes method)
-                                          (array.list {.#None})
-                                          (monad.each ! reflection!.class))]
+                           return (..return_type method)
+                           .let [concrete_exceptions (..concrete_method_exceptions method)]
+                           generic_exceptions (|> (java/lang/reflect/Method::getGenericExceptionTypes method)
+                                                  (array.list {.#None})
+                                                  (monad.each ! reflection!.class))]
                           (in [(java/lang/reflect/Method::getName method)
-                               (jvm.method [type_variables inputs return exceptions])]))))))]
+                               (jvm.method [type_variables inputs return (if (list.empty? generic_exceptions)
+                                                                           concrete_exceptions
+                                                                           generic_exceptions)])]))))))]
 
   [abstract_methods (list.only (|>> java/lang/reflect/Method::getModifiers java/lang/reflect/Modifier::isAbstract))]
   [methods (<|)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
index 5442fafdb..72f978083 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@
                                         class.abstract
                                         class.interface)
                                     (name.internal name)
+                                    (type.declaration name parameters)
                                     (name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                     (list#each (|>> parser.read_class product.left name.internal)
                                                supers)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/jvm/host.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/jvm/host.lux
index 9f461699f..7a3c93014 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/jvm/host.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/generation/jvm/host.lux
@@ -1224,6 +1224,7 @@
                       //////.lifted
                       (class.class version.v6_0 ($_ modifier#composite class.public class.final)
                                    (name.internal anonymous_class_name)
+                                   (type.declaration anonymous_class_name (list))
                                    (name.internal (..reflection super_class))
                                    (list#each (|>> ..reflection name.internal) super_interfaces)
                                    (foreign.variables total_environment)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/function.lux
index 343aa7f1f..357337927 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/function.lux
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
      class (phase.lifted (class.class version.v6_0
                                       ..modifier
                                       (name.internal function_class)
+                                      (type.declaration function_class (list))
                                       (..internal /abstract.class) (list)
                                       fields
                                       methods
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/host.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/host.lux
index b15832011..79c72c425 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/host.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/host.lux
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
         bytecode (class.class version.v6_0
                               class.public
                               (encoding/name.internal bytecode_name)
+                              (type.declaration bytecode_name (list))
                               (encoding/name.internal "java.lang.Object") (list)
                               (list (field.field ..value::modifier ..value::field ..value::type (sequence.sequence)))
                               (list (method.method ..init::modifier "<clinit>" ..init::type
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/program.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/program.lux
index d8ab2d2d6..bf0bb032d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/program.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/program.lux
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
          (class.class version.v6_0
                       ..program::modifier
                       (name.internal class)
+                      (type.declaration class (list))
                       super_class
                       (list)
                       (list)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
index e9f88652c..74956a7e5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@
                      (class.class jvm/version.v6_0
                                   modifier
                                   (name.internal class)
+                                  (type.declaration class (list))
                                   (name.internal (..reflection ^Object)) (list)
                                   (list)
                                   (let [[left_projection::method right_projection::method] projection::method2]
@@ -614,6 +615,7 @@
                      (class.class jvm/version.v6_0
                                   modifier
                                   (name.internal class)
+                                  (type.declaration class (list))
                                   (name.internal (..reflection ^Object)) (list)
                                   (list partial_count)
                                   (list& <init>::method apply::method+)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
index d7fa84bfd..d6fe2a3ea 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux "*"
-    [abstract
-     ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]
-     ["[0]" enum]]
-    [control
-     [pipe {"+" case>}]
-     ["[0]" maybe ("[1]#[0]" functor)]
-     ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" text
-      ["%" format {"+" format}]]
-     [collection
-      ["[0]" list ("[1]#[0]" functor monoid)]]]
-    [math
-     [number
-      ["n" nat]]]]]
-  ["[0]" // "_"
-   ["[1][0]" loop {"+" Transform}]
-   ["//[1]" /// "_"
-    ["[1][0]" analysis {"+" Environment Analysis}
-     ["[1]/[0]" complex]]
-    ["/" synthesis {"+" Path Abstraction Synthesis Operation Phase}]
-    [///
-     [arity {"+" Arity}]
-     ["[1][0]" reference
-      ["[1]/[0]" variable {"+" Register Variable}]]
-     ["[0]" phase ("[1]#[0]" monad)]]]])
+ [library
+  [lux "*"
+   [abstract
+    ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]
+    ["[0]" enum]]
+   [control
+    [pipe {"+" case>}]
+    ["[0]" maybe ("[1]#[0]" functor)]
+    ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" text
+     ["%" format {"+" format}]]
+    [collection
+     ["[0]" list ("[1]#[0]" functor monoid)]]]
+   [math
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]]]]
+ ["[0]" // "_"
+  ["[1][0]" loop {"+" Transform}]
+  ["//[1]" /// "_"
+   ["[1][0]" analysis {"+" Environment Analysis}
+    ["[1]/[0]" complex]]
+   ["/" synthesis {"+" Path Abstraction Synthesis Operation Phase}]
+   [///
+    [arity {"+" Arity}]
+    ["[1][0]" reference
+     ["[1]/[0]" variable {"+" Register Variable}]]
+    ["[0]" phase ("[1]#[0]" monad)]]]])
 
 (exception: .public (cannot_find_foreign_variable_in_environment [foreign Register
                                                                   environment (Environment Synthesis)])
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 (def: .public (apply phase)
   (-> Phase Phase)
   (function (_ archive exprA)
-    (let [[funcA argsA] (////analysis.application exprA)]
+    (let [[funcA argsA] (////analysis.reification exprA)]
       (do [! phase.monad]
         [funcS (phase archive funcA)
          argsS (monad.each ! (phase archive) argsA)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
index 7caae5fdd..a3f401643 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@
                       [/.frac /.frac! random.safe_frac analysis.frac f.=]
                       [/.rev /.rev! random.rev analysis.rev r.=]
                       [/.text /.text! (random.unicode 10) analysis.text text#=]
-                      [/.local /.local! random.nat analysis.variable/local n.=]
-                      [/.foreign /.foreign! random.nat analysis.variable/foreign n.=]
+                      [/.local /.local! random.nat analysis.local n.=]
+                      [/.foreign /.foreign! random.nat analysis.foreign n.=]
                       [/.constant /.constant! ..constant analysis.constant symbol#=]
                       ))
                 (do [! random.monad]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/jvm.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/jvm.lux
index 3a10b530d..62ef895da 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/jvm.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/jvm.lux
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
     (in (case (do try.monad
                 [class (/class.class /version.v6_0 /class.public
                                      (/name.internal class_name)
+                                     (/type.declaration class_name (list))
                                      (/name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                      (list)
                                      (list)
@@ -853,6 +854,7 @@
            static_method "static_method"
            bytecode (|> (/class.class /version.v6_0 /class.public
                                       (/name.internal class_name)
+                                      (/type.declaration class_name (list))
                                       (/name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                       (list)
                                       (list (/field.field /field.static class_field /type.long (sequence.sequence))
@@ -1330,6 +1332,7 @@
                                 (in (case (do try.monad
                                             [class (/class.class /version.v6_0 /class.public
                                                                  (/name.internal class_name)
+                                                                 (/type.declaration class_name (list))
                                                                  (/name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                                                  (list)
                                                                  (list)
@@ -1629,6 +1632,7 @@
 
            interface_bytecode (|> (/class.class /version.v6_0 ($_ /modifier#composite /class.public /class.abstract /class.interface)
                                                 (/name.internal interface_class)
+                                                (/type.declaration interface_class (list))
                                                 (/name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                                 (list)
                                                 (list)
@@ -1639,6 +1643,7 @@
                                   (format.result /class.writer))
            abstract_bytecode (|> (/class.class /version.v6_0 ($_ /modifier#composite /class.public /class.abstract)
                                                (/name.internal abstract_class)
+                                               (/type.declaration abstract_class (list))
                                                (/name.internal "java.lang.Object")
                                                (list)
                                                (list)
@@ -1664,6 +1669,7 @@
                          (/.invokevirtual class method method::type))))
            concrete_bytecode (|> (/class.class /version.v6_0 /class.public
                                                (/name.internal concrete_class)
+                                               (/type.declaration concrete_class (list))
                                                (/name.internal abstract_class)
                                                (list (/name.internal interface_class))
                                                (list)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
index 2a2f9667d..516037ea9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   [lux "*"
    ["_" test {"+" Test}]
    ["[0]" ffi]
+   ["[0]" debug]
    [abstract
     [monad {"+" do}]
     ["[0]" predicate]
@@ -340,12 +341,103 @@
                    ..test|computation)
             ))))
 
-(def: test/location
+(def: test|local_var
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [float/0 random.safe_frac
+     $foreign (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 10))]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.local]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= (f.+ float/0 float/0)))
+                             (|> (/.return (/.+ $foreign $foreign))
+                                 [(list $foreign)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.float float/0))))))
+        (_.cover [/.set]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= (f.+ float/0 float/0)))
+                             (|> ($_ /.then
+                                     (/.set (list $foreign) (/.float float/0))
+                                     (/.return (/.+ $foreign $foreign)))
+                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
+        )))
+
+(def: test|instance_var
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [float/0 random.safe_frac
+     instance (# ! each (|>> %.nat (format "instance_"))
+                 random.nat)
+     .let [$instance (/.instance instance)]
+     $method (# ! each (|>> %.nat (format "method_") /.local)
+                random.nat)
+     $class (# ! each (|>> %.nat (format "class_") /.local)
+               random.nat)
+     $object (# ! each (|>> %.nat (format "object_") /.local)
+                random.nat)]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.instance]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
+                             (|> ($_ /.then
+                                     (/.set (list $class) (/.class [/.#parameters (list)
+                                                                    /.#body ($_ /.then
+                                                                                (/.function /.initialize (list)
+                                                                                  (/.set (list $instance) (/.float float/0)))
+                                                                                (/.function $method (list)
+                                                                                  (/.return $instance))
+                                                                                )]))
+                                     (/.return (|> $class
+                                                   (/.new (list) {.#None})
+                                                   (/.do (/.code $method) (list) {.#None}))))
+                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
+        (_.cover [/.attr_reader/*]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
+                             (|> ($_ /.then
+                                     (/.set (list $class) (/.class [/.#parameters (list)
+                                                                    /.#body ($_ /.then
+                                                                                (/.attr_reader/* (list instance))
+                                                                                (/.function /.initialize (list)
+                                                                                  (/.set (list $instance) (/.float float/0)))
+                                                                                )]))
+                                     (/.return (|> $class
+                                                   (/.new (list) {.#None})
+                                                   (/.the instance))))
+                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
+        (_.cover [/.attr_writer/*]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
+                             (|> ($_ /.then
+                                     (/.set (list $class) (/.class [/.#parameters (list)
+                                                                    /.#body ($_ /.then
+                                                                                (/.attr_writer/* (list instance))
+                                                                                (/.function $method (list)
+                                                                                  (/.return $instance))
+                                                                                )]))
+                                     (/.set (list $object) (|> $class
+                                                               (/.new (list) {.#None})))
+                                     (/.set (list (/.the instance $object)) (/.float float/0))
+                                     (/.return (|>  $object
+                                                    (/.do (/.code $method) (list) {.#None}))))
+                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
+        (_.cover [/.attr_accessor/*]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
+                             (|> ($_ /.then
+                                     (/.set (list $class) (/.class [/.#parameters (list)
+                                                                    /.#body (/.attr_accessor/* (list instance))]))
+                                     (/.set (list $object) (|> $class
+                                                               (/.new (list) {.#None})))
+                                     (/.set (list (/.the instance $object)) (/.float float/0))
+                                     (/.return (/.the instance $object)))
+                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
+        )))
+
+(def: test|var
   Test
   (do [! random.monad]
     [float/0 random.safe_frac
      $foreign (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 10))
-     field (# ! each /.string (random.ascii/upper 10))
 
      $inputs (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 10))
      arity (# ! each (n.% 10) random.nat)
@@ -356,44 +448,49 @@
               (random.set text.hash arity)
               (# ! each (|>> set.list (list#each /.string))))]
     ($_ _.and
-        (<| (_.for [/.Var])
+        (_.cover [/.defined?/1]
+                 (and (expression (|>> (:as Bit))
+                                  (|> (/.defined?/1 $foreign)
+                                      (/.= /.nil)))
+                      (expression (|>> (:as Text) (text#= "local-variable"))
+                                  (|> ($_ /.then
+                                          (/.set (list $foreign) (/.float float/0))
+                                          (/.return (/.defined?/1 $foreign)))
+                                      [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                      (/.apply_lambda/* (list))))))
+        (_.for [/.LVar]
+               ..test|local_var)
+        (_.for [/.IVar]
+               ..test|instance_var)
+        (<| (_.for [/.LVar*])
             ($_ _.and
-                (_.cover [/.defined?/1]
-                         (and (expression (|>> (:as Bit))
-                                          (|> (/.defined?/1 $foreign)
-                                              (/.= /.nil)))
-                              (expression (|>> (:as Text) (text#= "local-variable"))
-                                          (|> ($_ /.then
-                                                  (/.set (list $foreign) (/.float float/0))
-                                                  (/.return (/.defined?/1 $foreign)))
-                                              [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                              (/.apply_lambda/* (list))))))
-                (_.cover [/.LVar /.local /.set]
-                         (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= (f.+ float/0 float/0)))
-                                     (|> ($_ /.then
-                                             (/.set (list $foreign) (/.+ $foreign $foreign))
-                                             (/.return $foreign))
-                                         [(list $foreign)] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                         (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.float float/0))))))
-                (<| (_.for [/.LVar*])
-                    ($_ _.and
-                        (_.cover [/.variadic]
-                                 (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
-                                             (|> (/.return (/.the "length" $inputs))
-                                                 [(list (/.variadic $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                                 (/.apply_lambda/* vals))))
-                        (_.cover [/.splat]
-                                 (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
-                                             (|> (/.return (/.the "length" (/.array (list (/.splat $inputs)))))
-                                                 [(list (/.variadic $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                                 (/.apply_lambda/* vals))))))
-                (<| (_.for [/.LVar**])
-                    (_.cover [/.variadic_kv /.double_splat]
-                             (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
-                                         (|> (/.return (/.the "length" $inputs))
-                                             [(list (/.variadic_kv $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                             (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.double_splat (/.hash (list.zipped/2 keys vals)))))))))
-                ))
+                (_.cover [/.variadic]
+                         (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
+                                     (|> (/.return (/.the "length" $inputs))
+                                         [(list (/.variadic $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                         (/.apply_lambda/* vals))))
+                (_.cover [/.splat]
+                         (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
+                                     (|> (/.return (/.the "length" (/.array (list (/.splat $inputs)))))
+                                         [(list (/.variadic $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                         (/.apply_lambda/* vals))))))
+        (<| (_.for [/.LVar**])
+            (_.cover [/.variadic_kv /.double_splat]
+                     (expression (|>> (:as Int) .nat (n.= arity))
+                                 (|> (/.return (/.the "length" $inputs))
+                                     [(list (/.variadic_kv $inputs))] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                     (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.double_splat (/.hash (list.zipped/2 keys vals)))))))))
+        )))
+
+(def: test|location
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [float/0 random.safe_frac
+     $foreign (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 10))
+     field (# ! each /.string (random.ascii/upper 10))]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (<| (_.for [/.Var])
+            ..test|var)
         (_.cover [/.Access]
                  (and (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= (f.+ float/0 float/0)))
                                   (let [@ (/.item (/.int +0) $foreign)]
@@ -483,7 +580,7 @@
 (def: test|loop
   Test
   (do [! random.monad]
-    [input random.int
+    [input (# ! each (i.right_shifted 32) random.int)
      iterations (# ! each (n.% 10) random.nat)
      .let [$input (/.local "input")
            $output (/.local "output")
@@ -728,7 +825,7 @@
         (_.for [/.Block]
                ..test|function)
         (_.for [/.Location]
-               ..test/location)
+               ..test|location)
         )))
 
 (def: test|global
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
index 635322a92..78aaee40e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
      ["[1][0]" analysis]
      ["[1][0]" phase "_"
       ["[1]/[0]" extension]
-      ... ["[1]/[0]" analysis]
+      ["[1]/[0]" analysis "_"
+       ["[1]/[0]" simple]]
       ... ["[1]/[0]" synthesis]
       ]]]
    ["[1][0]" meta "_"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
       /meta/archive/key.test
       /meta/archive/document.test
       /phase/extension.test
+      /phase/analysis/simple.test
       ... /syntax.test
-      ... /analysis.test
       ... /synthesis.test
       ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
index 210d6d29a..69c608fda 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/analysis.lux
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@
                               _
                               false))]
 
-                  [/.variable/local expected_register]
-                  [/.variable/foreign expected_register]
+                  [/.local expected_register]
+                  [/.foreign expected_register]
                   [/.constant expected_constant]
                   [/.variable expected_variable]
                   ))
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
      _
      false)])
 
-(def: test|application
+(def: test|reification
   Test
   (do random.monad
     [expected_abstraction (random.only (|>> (..tagged? /.#Apply) not)
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@
      expected_parameter/0 (..random 2)
      expected_parameter/1 (..random 2)]
     ($_ _.and
-        (_.cover [/.apply /.application]
+        (_.cover [/.reified /.reification]
                  (case (|> [expected_abstraction (list expected_parameter/0 expected_parameter/1)]
-                           /.apply
-                           /.application)
+                           /.reified
+                           /.reification)
                    (^ [actual_abstraction (list actual_parameter/0 actual_parameter/1)])
                    (and (same? expected_abstraction actual_abstraction)
                         (same? expected_parameter/0 actual_parameter/0)
@@ -421,8 +421,8 @@
             ..test|simple
             ..test|complex
             ..test|reference
-            (_.for [/.Application]
-                   ..test|application)
+            (_.for [/.Reification]
+                   ..test|reification)
             (_.for [/.Branch /.Branch' /.Match /.Match']
                    ..test|case)
             (_.for [/.Operation /.Phase /.Handler /.Bundle]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/primitive.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/primitive.lux
deleted file mode 100644
index 252148fb5..000000000
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/primitive.lux
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-(.using
-  [lux {"-" primitive}
-   ["@" target]
-   [abstract
-    ["[0]" monad {"+" do}]]
-   [data
-    ["%" text/format {"+" format}]]
-   ["r" math/random {"+" Random} ("[1]#[0]" monad)]
-   ["_" test {"+" Test}]
-   [control
-    pipe
-    ["[0]" try {"+" Try}]
-    ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
-   [macro
-    ["[0]" code]]
-   [meta
-    ["[0]" symbol]]]
-  [\\
-   ["[0]" /
-    ["/[1]" //
-     ["[1][0]" type]
-     ["/[1]" // "_"
-      [extension
-       ["[0]" bundle]
-       ["[1][0]" analysis]]
-      ["/[1]" // "_"
-       ["[0]" version]
-       ["[1][0]" analysis {"+" Analysis Operation}
-        [macro {"+" Expander}]
-        [evaluation {"+" Eval}]]
-       [///
-        ["[0]" phase]
-        [meta
-         ["[0]" archive]]]]]]]])
-
-(def: .public (expander macro inputs state)
-  Expander
-  {try.#Failure "NOPE"})
-
-(def: .public (eval archive count type expression)
-  Eval
-  (function (_ state)
-    {try.#Failure "NO!"}))
-
-(def: .public phase
-  ////analysis.Phase
-  (//.phase ..expander))
-
-(def: .public state
-  ////analysis.State+
-  [(///analysis.bundle ..eval bundle.empty)
-   (////analysis.state (////analysis.info version.version @.jvm))])
-
-(def: .public primitive
-  (Random [Type Code])
-  (`` ($_ r.either
-          (~~ (template [<type> <code_wrapper> <value_gen>]
-                [(r.and (r#in <type>) (r#each <code_wrapper> <value_gen>))]
-
-                [Any  code.tuple (r.list 0 (r#in (' [])))]
-                [Bit  code.bit   r.bit]
-                [Nat  code.nat   r.nat]
-                [Int  code.int   r.int]
-                [Rev  code.rev   r.rev]
-                [Frac code.frac  r.frac]
-                [Text code.text  (r.unicode 5)]
-                )))))
-
-(exception: (wrong_inference [expected Type
-                              inferred Type])
-  (exception.report
-   ["Expected" (%.type expected)]
-   ["Inferred" (%.type inferred)]))
-
-(def: (infer expected_type analysis)
-  (-> Type (Operation Analysis) (Try Analysis))
-  (|> analysis
-      //type.with_inference
-      (phase.result ..state)
-      (case> {try.#Success [inferred_type output]}
-             (if (same? expected_type inferred_type)
-               {try.#Success output}
-               (exception.except wrong_inference [expected_type inferred_type]))
-
-             {try.#Failure error}
-             {try.#Failure error})))
-
-(def: .public test
-  (<| (_.context (symbol.module (symbol /._)))
-      (`` ($_ _.and
-              (_.test (%.symbol (symbol ////analysis.#Unit))
-                      (|> (infer Any (..phase archive.empty (' [])))
-                          (case> (^ {try.#Success {////analysis.#Primitive {////analysis.#Unit output}}})
-                                 (same? [] output)
-
-                                 _
-                                 false)))
-              (~~ (template [<type> <tag> <random> <constructor>]
-                    [(do r.monad
-                       [sample <random>]
-                       (_.test (%.symbol (symbol <tag>))
-                               (|> (infer <type> (..phase archive.empty (<constructor> sample)))
-                                   (case> {try.#Success {////analysis.#Primitive {<tag> output}}}
-                                          (same? sample output)
-
-                                          _
-                                          false))))]
-
-                    [Bit  ////analysis.#Bit  r.bit         code.bit]
-                    [Nat  ////analysis.#Nat  r.nat         code.nat]
-                    [Int  ////analysis.#Int  r.int         code.int]
-                    [Rev  ////analysis.#Rev  r.rev         code.rev]
-                    [Frac ////analysis.#Frac r.frac        code.frac]
-                    [Text ////analysis.#Text (r.unicode 5) code.text]
-                    ))))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/simple.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/simple.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..015c9d362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/analysis/simple.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+(.using
+ [library
+  [lux "*"
+   ["_" test {"+" Test}]
+   ["[0]" type ("[1]#[0]" equivalence)]
+   [abstract
+    [monad {"+" do}]]
+   [control
+    [pipe {"+" case>}]
+    ["[0]" try]]
+   [math
+    ["[0]" random]]]]
+ [\\library
+  ["[0]" /
+   [//
+    ["[1][0]" type]
+    [//
+     ["[1][0]" extension]
+     [//
+      ["[1][0]" analysis {"+" Analysis Operation}]
+      [///
+       ["[1][0]" phase]]]]]]])
+
+(def: (analysis state type it ?)
+  (-> Lux Type (Operation Analysis) (-> Analysis Bit) Bit)
+  (and (|> (/type.with_type type
+             it)
+           (/phase.result [/extension.#bundle /extension.empty
+                           /extension.#state state])
+           (case> (^ {try.#Success analysis})
+                  (? analysis)
+
+                  _
+                  false))
+       (|> (/type.with_type .Nothing
+             it)
+           (/phase.result [/extension.#bundle /extension.empty
+                           /extension.#state state])
+           (case> (^ {try.#Failure error})
+                  true
+
+                  _
+                  false))
+       (|> (/type.with_inference
+             it)
+           (/phase.result [/extension.#bundle /extension.empty
+                           /extension.#state state])
+           (case> (^ {try.#Success [inferred analysis]})
+                  (and (type#= type inferred)
+                       (? analysis))
+
+                  _
+                  false))))
+
+(template: (analysis? <type> <tag>)
+  [(: (-> <type> Analysis Bit)
+      (function (_ expected)
+        (|>> (case> (^ (<tag> actual))
+                    (same? expected actual)
+
+                    _
+                    false))))])
+
+(def: .public test
+  (<| (_.covering /._)
+      (do [! random.monad]
+        [version random.nat
+         host (random.ascii/lower 5)
+         .let [state (/analysis.state (/analysis.info version host))]]
+        (`` ($_ _.and
+                (_.cover [/.unit]
+                         (..analysis state .Any /.unit
+                                     (|>> (case> (^ (/analysis.unit)) true _ false))))
+                (~~ (template [<analysis> <type> <random> <tag>]
+                      [(do !
+                         [sample <random>]
+                         (_.cover [<analysis>]
+                                  (..analysis state <type> (<analysis> sample)
+                                              ((..analysis? <type> <tag>) sample))))]
+
+                      [/.bit .Bit random.bit /analysis.bit]
+                      [/.nat .Nat random.nat /analysis.nat]
+                      [/.int .Int random.int /analysis.int]
+                      [/.rev .Rev random.rev /analysis.rev]
+                      [/.frac .Frac random.frac /analysis.frac]
+                      [/.text .Text (random.unicode 1) /analysis.text]
+                      ))
+                )))))