Fixes for the pure-Lux JVM compiler machinery. [Part 6]

18 files changed, 350 insertions, 155 deletions

diff --git a/documentation/bookmark/application_binary_interface.md b/documentation/bookmark/application_binary_interface.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..454bcafb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bookmark/application_binary_interface.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Reference
+
+0. [Making Libraries Consumable for Non-C++ Developers - Aaron R Robinson - CppCon 2021](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4r09pv9v1w0)
+
diff --git a/documentation/bookmark/game/storytelling/combat.md b/documentation/bookmark/game/storytelling/combat.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bd5e0ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bookmark/game/storytelling/combat.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Reference
+
+0. [Combat that Serves the Story || D&D with Dael Kingsmill](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHPvBrA_j2Q)
+
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
index 088873701..0ef45f8db 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
@@ -20,14 +20,13 @@
              ($.default /.Wrapper)
              ($.default /.result')
              ($.default /.result)
-             ($.default /.get_state)
-             ($.default /.set_state)
+             ($.default /.state)
+             ($.default /.with)
              ($.default /.sub)
              ($.default /.failure)
              ($.default /.except)
              ($.default /.lifted)
              ($.default /.assertion)
              ($.default /.identity)
-             ($.default /.composite)
-             ($.default /.timed)]
+             ($.default /.composite)]
             []))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
index 48ce42fbe..d52fc62e0 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
@@ -62,6 +62,6 @@
        {try.#Failure <error>}))]
 
   [bin /nat.binary /int.binary /rev.binary /frac.binary "Invalid binary syntax."]
-  [oct /nat.octal  /int.octal  /rev.octal  /frac.octal "Invalid octal syntax."]
-  [hex /nat.hex    /int.hex    /rev.hex    /frac.hex "Invalid hexadecimal syntax."]
+  [oct /nat.octal  /int.octal  /rev.octal  /frac.octal  "Invalid octal syntax."]
+  [hex /nat.hex    /int.hex    /rev.hex    /frac.hex    "Invalid hexadecimal syntax."]
   )
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/random.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/random.lux
index 6eab77fef..13bac71cf 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/random.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/random.lux
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 (template [<name> <type> <cast>]
   [(def: .public <name>
      (Random <type>)
-     (# ..monad each <cast> ..i64))]
+     (# ..functor each <cast> ..i64))]
 
   [nat Nat .nat]
   [int Int .int]
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@
 
 (def: .public frac
   (Random Frac)
-  (# ..monad each (|>> .i64 f.of_bits) ..nat))
+  (# ..functor each (|>> .i64 f.of_bits) ..nat))
 
 (def: .public safe_frac
   (Random Frac)
   (let [mantissa_range (.int (i64.left_shifted 53 1))
         mantissa_max (i.frac (-- mantissa_range))]
-    (# ..monad each
+    (# ..functor each
        (|>> (i.% mantissa_range)
             i.frac
             (f./ mantissa_max))
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
         in_range (: (-> Char Char)
                     (|>> (n.% size) (n.+ start)))]
     (|> ..nat
-        (# ..monad each in_range)
+        (# ..functor each in_range)
         (..only (unicode.member? set)))))
 
 (def: .public (text char_gen size)
@@ -297,19 +297,19 @@
 
 (def: .public instant
   (Random Instant)
-  (# ..monad each instant.of_millis ..int))
+  (# ..functor each instant.of_millis ..int))
 
 (def: .public date
   (Random Date)
-  (# ..monad each instant.date ..instant))
+  (# ..functor each instant.date ..instant))
 
 (def: .public time
   (Random Time)
-  (# ..monad each instant.time ..instant))
+  (# ..functor each instant.time ..instant))
 
 (def: .public duration
   (Random Duration)
-  (# ..monad each duration.of_millis ..int))
+  (# ..functor each duration.of_millis ..int))
 
 (def: .public month
   (Random Month)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/encoding/signed.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/encoding/signed.lux
index dee539eae..027174fd1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/encoding/signed.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/jvm/encoding/signed.lux
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
      
      (def: .public <constructor>
        (-> Int (Try <name>))
-       (let [positive (|> <bytes> (n.* i64.bits_per_byte) i64.mask)
-             negative (|> positive .int (i.right_shifted 1) i64.not)]
+       (let [positive (:representation <maximum>)
+             negative (|> <bytes> (n.* i64.bits_per_byte) i64.mask i64.not)]
          (function (_ value)
            (if (i.= (if (i.< +0 value)
                       (i64.or negative value)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/ruby.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/ruby.lux
index df112f23f..22cad3f00 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/ruby.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/target/ruby.lux
@@ -469,13 +469,10 @@
                      <inputs> (arity_inputs <arity>)
                      <types> (arity_types <arity>)
                      <definitions> (template.spliced <function>+)]
-     (def: .public (<apply> function <inputs>)
-       (-> Expression <types> Computation)
-       (..apply/* (.list <inputs>) {.#None} function))
-
      (template [<function>]
-       [(`` (def: .public (~~ (template.symbol [<function> "/" <arity>]))
-              (<apply> (..local <function>))))]
+       [(`` (def: .public ((~~ (template.symbol [<function> "/" <arity>])) <inputs>)
+              (-> <types> Computation)
+              (..apply/* (.list <inputs>) {.#None} (..local <function>))))]
 
        <definitions>))]
 
@@ -490,11 +487,10 @@
     ["alias_method"]]]
   )
 
-(def: .public throw/1
+(def: .public (throw/1 error)
   (-> Expression Statement)
-  (|>> (..apply/1 (..local "throw"))
-       ..statement))
+  (..statement (..apply/* (list error) {.#None} (..local "throw"))))
 
 (def: .public (throw/2 tag value)
   (-> Expression Expression Statement)
-  (..statement (..apply/2 (..local "throw") tag value)))
+  (..statement (..apply/* (list tag value) {.#None} (..local "throw"))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/directive.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/directive.lux
index 23123a8c5..fefafe199 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/directive.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/directive.lux
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     (let [analysis (//analysis.phase expander)]
       (function (again archive code)
         (do [! //.monad]
-          [state //.get_state
+          [state //.state
            .let [compiler_eval (meta_eval archive
                                           (value@ [//extension.#state /.#analysis /.#state //extension.#bundle] state)
                                           (evaluation.evaluator expander
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
                                                                 (value@ [//extension.#state /.#generation /.#state] state)
                                                                 (value@ [//extension.#state /.#generation /.#phase] state)))
                  extension_eval (:as Eval (wrapper (:expected compiler_eval)))]
-           _ (//.set_state (with@ [//extension.#state /.#analysis /.#state //extension.#state .#eval] extension_eval state))]
+           _ (//.with (with@ [//extension.#state /.#analysis /.#state //extension.#state .#eval] extension_eval state))]
           (case code
             (^ [_ {.#Form (list& [_ {.#Text name}] inputs)}])
             (//extension.apply archive again [name inputs])
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
index 5b49ae38a..b7693e24b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/jvm.lux
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
          .let [selfT (jvm.inheritance_relationship_type {.#Primitive name (list#each product.right parameters)}
                                                         super_classT
                                                         super_interfaceT+)]
-         state (extension.lifted phase.get_state)
+         state (extension.lifted phase.state)
          .let [analyse (value@ [directive.#analysis directive.#phase] state)
                synthesize (value@ [directive.#synthesis directive.#phase] state)
                generate (value@ [directive.#generation directive.#phase] state)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/lux.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/lux.lux
index 49e889381..965a9e641 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/lux.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/extension/directive/lux.lux
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
   (All (_ anchor expression directive)
     (-> Archive Type Code (Operation anchor expression directive [Type expression Any])))
   (do phase.monad
-    [state (///.lifted phase.get_state)
+    [state (///.lifted phase.state)
      .let [analyse (value@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#phase] state)
            synthesize (value@ [/////directive.#synthesis /////directive.#phase] state)
            generate (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#phase] state)]
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
     (-> Archive Symbol (Maybe Type) Code
         (Operation anchor expression directive [Type expression Any])))
   (do [! phase.monad]
-    [state (///.lifted phase.get_state)
+    [state (///.lifted phase.state)
      .let [analyse (value@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#phase] state)
            synthesize (value@ [/////directive.#synthesis /////directive.#phase] state)
            generate (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#phase] state)]
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
        (-> Archive Text Type Code
            (Operation anchor expression directive [expression Any])))
      (do phase.monad
-       [state (///.lifted phase.get_state)
+       [state (///.lifted phase.state)
         .let [analyse (value@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#phase] state)
               synthesize (value@ [/////directive.#synthesis /////directive.#phase] state)
               generate (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#phase] state)]
@@ -209,19 +209,19 @@
   (All (_ anchor expression directive)
     (-> Expander /////analysis.Bundle (Operation anchor expression directive Any)))
   (do phase.monad
-    [[bundle state] phase.get_state
+    [[bundle state] phase.state
      .let [eval (/////analysis/evaluation.evaluator expander
                                                     (value@ [/////directive.#synthesis /////directive.#state] state)
                                                     (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#state] state)
                                                     (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#phase] state))
            previous_analysis_extensions (value@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#state ///.#bundle] state)]]
-    (phase.set_state [bundle
-                      (revised@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#state]
-                                (: (-> /////analysis.State+ /////analysis.State+)
-                                   (|>> product.right
-                                        [(|> previous_analysis_extensions
-                                             (dictionary.merged (///analysis.bundle eval host_analysis)))]))
-                                state)])))
+    (phase.with [bundle
+                 (revised@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#state]
+                           (: (-> /////analysis.State+ /////analysis.State+)
+                              (|>> product.right
+                                   [(|> previous_analysis_extensions
+                                        (dictionary.merged (///analysis.bundle eval host_analysis)))]))
+                           state)])))
 
 (def: (announce_definition! short type)
   (All (_ anchor expression directive)
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
     (case inputsC+
       (^ (list programC))
       (do phase.monad
-        [state (///.lifted phase.get_state)
+        [state (///.lifted phase.state)
          .let [analyse (value@ [/////directive.#analysis /////directive.#phase] state)
                synthesize (value@ [/////directive.#synthesis /////directive.#phase] state)
                generate (value@ [/////directive.#generation /////directive.#phase] state)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
index ece1fa89e..b59f57dc5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/generation/jvm/runtime.lux
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
   0)
 
 (def: .public class
-  (type.class (%.nat ..artifact_id) (list)))
+  (type.class (class_name [0 ..artifact_id]) (list)))
 
 (def: procedure
   (-> Text (Type category.Method) (Bytecode Any))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/version.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/version.lux
index 25f68450d..cc044938c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/version.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/version.lux
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 
 (def: .public version
   Version
-  00,07,00)
+  00,06,06)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
index 9815f9eb7..a52f8b796 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
@@ -1,35 +1,58 @@
 (.using
-  [library
-   [lux "*"
-    ["[0]" debug]
-    [abstract
-     [monad {"+" Monad do}]]
-    [control
-     ["[0]" state]
-     ["[0]" try {"+" Try} ("[1]#[0]" functor)]
-     ["ex" exception {"+" Exception exception:}]
-     ["[0]" io]
-     [parser
-      ["<[0]>" code]]]
-    [data
-     ["[0]" product]
-     ["[0]" text
-      ["%" format {"+" format}]]]
-    [time
-     ["[0]" instant]
-     ["[0]" duration]]
-    [macro
-     [syntax {"+" syntax:}]]]]
-  [//
-   [meta
-    [archive {"+" Archive}]]])
+ [library
+  [lux "*"
+   ["[0]" debug]
+   [abstract
+    [functor {"+" Functor}]
+    [monad {"+" Monad do}]]
+   [control
+    ["[0]" state]
+    ["[0]" try {"+" Try} ("[1]#[0]" functor)]
+    ["[0]" exception {"+" Exception}]
+    ["[0]" io]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" product]
+    [text
+     ["%" format {"+" format}]]]
+   [time
+    ["[0]" instant]
+    ["[0]" duration]]]]
+ [//
+  [meta
+   [archive {"+" Archive}]]])
 
 (type: .public (Operation s o)
   (state.+State Try s o))
 
-(def: .public monad
+(implementation: .public functor
+  (All (_ s) (Functor (Operation s)))
+
+  (def: (each f it)
+    (function (_ state)
+      (case (it state)
+        {try.#Success [state' output]}
+        {try.#Success [state' (f output)]}
+        
+        {try.#Failure error}
+        {try.#Failure error}))))
+
+(implementation: .public monad
   (All (_ s) (Monad (Operation s)))
-  (state.with try.monad))
+
+  (def: &functor ..functor)
+  
+  (def: (in it)
+    (function (_ state)
+      {try.#Success [state it]}))
+
+  (def: (conjoint it)
+    (function (_ state)
+      (case (it state)
+        {try.#Success [state' it']}
+        (it' state')
+        
+        {try.#Failure error}
+        {try.#Failure error}))))
 
 (type: .public (Phase s i o)
   (-> Archive i (Operation s o)))
@@ -49,13 +72,13 @@
       operation
       (# try.monad each product.right)))
 
-(def: .public get_state
+(def: .public state
   (All (_ s o)
     (Operation s s))
   (function (_ state)
     {try.#Success [state state]}))
 
-(def: .public (set_state state)
+(def: .public (with state)
   (All (_ s o)
     (-> s (Operation s Any)))
   (function (_ _)
@@ -77,19 +100,17 @@
 
 (def: .public (except exception parameters)
   (All (_ e) (-> (Exception e) e Operation))
-  (..failure (ex.error exception parameters)))
+  (..failure (exception.error exception parameters)))
 
 (def: .public (lifted error)
   (All (_ s a) (-> (Try a) (Operation s a)))
   (function (_ state)
     (try#each (|>> [state]) error)))
 
-(syntax: .public (assertion [exception <code>.any
-                             message <code>.any
-                             test <code>.any])
-  (in (list (` (if (~ test)
-                 (# ..monad (~' in) [])
-                 (..except (~ exception) (~ message)))))))
+(template: .public (assertion exception message test)
+  [(if test
+     (# ..monad in [])
+     (..except exception message))])
 
 (def: .public identity
   (All (_ s a) (Phase s a a))
@@ -106,19 +127,3 @@
       [[pre/state' temp] (pre archive input pre/state)
        [post/state' output] (post archive temp post/state)]
       (in [[pre/state' post/state'] output]))))
-
-(def: .public (timed definition description operation)
-  (All (_ s a)
-    (-> Symbol Text (Operation s a) (Operation s a)))
-  (do ..monad
-    [_ (in [])
-     .let [pre (io.run! instant.now)]
-     output operation
-     .let [_ (|> instant.now
-                 io.run!
-                 instant.relative
-                 (duration.difference (instant.relative pre))
-                 %.duration
-                 (format (%.symbol definition) " [" description "]: ")
-                 debug.log!)]]
-    (in output)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/interpreter.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/interpreter.lux
index abd53a54b..8cf01011c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/interpreter.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/tool/interpreter.lux
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
     (All (_ anchor expression directive)
       (-> Code <Interpretation>))
     (do [! phase.monad]
-      [state (extension.lifted phase.get_state)
+      [state (extension.lifted phase.state)
        .let [analyse (value@ [directive.#analysis directive.#phase] state)
              synthesize (value@ [directive.#synthesis directive.#phase] state)
              generate (value@ [directive.#generation directive.#phase] state)]
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     (-> Configuration Code (Operation anchor expression directive Text)))
   (do phase.monad
     [[codeT codeV] (interpret configuration code)
-     state phase.get_state]
+     state phase.state]
     (in (/type.represent (value@ [extension.#state
                                   directive.#analysis directive.#state
                                   extension.#state]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
index fb5ac42a2..40498c0d8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@
 (def: structures
   Test
   (do random.monad
-    [state random.nat
-     value random.nat]
+    [state random.nat]
     ($_ _.and
         (_.for [/.functor]
                ($functor.spec ..injection (..comparison state) /.functor))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
index 61fb1197e..d48e16ecb 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/target/ruby.lux
@@ -223,34 +223,25 @@
                                       (/.= /.nil)))))
         )))
 
-... (def: test|object
-...   Test
-...   (do [! random.monad]
-...     [expected random.safe_frac
-...      field (random.ascii/upper 5)
-...      dummy (random.only (|>> (text#= field) not)
-...                         (random.ascii/upper 5))
-
-...      size (# ! each (|>> (n.% 10) ++) random.nat)
-...      index (# ! each (n.% size) random.nat)
-...      items (random.list size random.safe_frac)]
-...     ($_ _.and
-...         (_.cover [/.object /.the]
-...                  (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= expected))
-...                              (/.the field (/.object (list [field (/.float expected)])))))
-...         (let [expected (|> items
-...                            (list.item index)
-...                            (maybe.else f.not_a_number))]
-...           (_.cover [/.do]
-...                    (expression (|>> (:as Frac) f.int (i.= (.int index)))
-...                                (|> (/.array (list#each /.float items))
-...                                    (/.do "lastIndexOf" (list (/.float expected)))))))
-...         (_.cover [/.undefined]
-...                  (expression (|>> (:as Bit))
-...                              (|> (/.object (list [field (/.float expected)]))
-...                                  (/.the dummy)
-...                                  (/.= /.undefined))))
-...         )))
+(def: test|object
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [size (# ! each (|>> (n.% 10) ++) random.nat)
+     index (# ! each (n.% size) random.nat)
+     items (random.list size random.safe_frac)]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.the]
+                 (expression (|>> (:as Int) (i.= (.int size)))
+                             (|> (/.array (list#each /.float items))
+                                 (/.the "length"))))
+        (_.cover [/.do]
+                 (expression (let [expected (|> items
+                                                (list.item index)
+                                                (maybe.else f.not_a_number))]
+                               (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= expected)))
+                             (|> (/.array (list#each /.float items))
+                                 (/.do "at" (list (/.int (.int index))) {.#None}))))
+        )))
 
 (def: test|computation
   Test
@@ -270,7 +261,7 @@
         ..test|int
         ..test|array
         ..test|hash
-        ... ..test|object
+        ..test|object
         (_.cover [/.?]
                  (let [expected (if test then else)]
                    (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= expected))
@@ -539,25 +530,9 @@
                              (|> ($_ /.then
                                      (/.function $self (list $arg/0)
                                        (/.return (/.? (/.< (/.int (.int iterations)) $arg/0)
-                                                      (/.apply/1 $self (/.+ (/.int +1) $arg/0))
+                                                      (/.apply/* (list (/.+ (/.int +1) $arg/0)) {.#None} $self)
                                                       $arg/0)))
-                                     (/.return (/.apply/1 $self (/.int +0))))
-                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
-        (_.cover [/.apply/1]
-                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
-                             (|> ($_ /.then
-                                     (/.function $self (list $arg/0)
-                                       (/.return $arg/0))
-                                     (/.return (/.apply/1 $self (/.float float/0))))
-                                 [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
-                                 (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
-        (_.cover [/.apply/2]
-                 (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= ($_ f.+ float/0 float/1)))
-                             (|> ($_ /.then
-                                     (/.function $self (list $arg/0 $arg/1)
-                                       (/.return ($_ /.+ $arg/0 $arg/1)))
-                                     (/.return (/.apply/2 $self (/.float float/0) (/.float float/1))))
+                                     (/.return (/.apply/* (list (/.int +0)) {.#None} $self)))
                                  [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
                                  (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
         (_.cover [/.apply/*]
@@ -568,15 +543,6 @@
                                      (/.return (/.apply/* (list (/.float float/0) (/.float float/1) (/.float float/2)) {.#None} $self)))
                                  [(list)] (/.lambda {.#None})
                                  (/.apply_lambda/* (list)))))
-        ... (_.cover [/.new]
-        ...          (let [$this (/.local "this")]
-        ...            (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
-        ...                        (/.apply/1 (/.closure (list $arg/0)
-        ...                                              ($_ /.then
-        ...                                                  (/.function $class (list)
-        ...                                                               (/.set (/.the field $this) $arg/0))
-        ...                                                  (/.return (/.the field (/.new $class (list))))))
-        ...                                   (/.float float/0)))))
         )))
 
 (def: test|branching
@@ -621,7 +587,9 @@
      float/2 random.safe_frac
      $arg/0 (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 10))
      $arg/1 (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 11))
-     $arg/2 (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 12))]
+     $arg/2 (# ! each /.local (random.ascii/lower 12))
+     expected (# ! each (|>> %.int (text.replaced "+" ""))
+                 random.int)]
     ($_ _.and
         (_.cover [/.statement]
                  (expression (|>> (:as Frac) (f.= float/0))
@@ -637,6 +605,15 @@
                                      (/.return $arg/1))
                                  [(list $arg/0 $arg/1)] (/.lambda {.#None})
                                  (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.float float/0) (/.float float/1))))))
+        (_.cover [/.require/1]
+                 (let [$JSON (/.local "JSON")]
+                   (expression (|>> (:as Text) (text#= expected))
+                               (|> ($_ /.then
+                                       (/.statement (/.require/1 (/.string "json")))
+                                       (/.return (let [json (/.do "parse" (list $arg/0) {.#None} $JSON)]
+                                                   (/.do "generate" (list json) {.#None} $JSON))))
+                                   [(list $arg/0)] (/.lambda {.#None})
+                                   (/.apply_lambda/* (list (/.string expected)))))))
         ..test|exception
         ..test|branching
         ..test|loop
@@ -668,6 +645,9 @@
                                  {.#None} true
                                  {.#Some _} false)))
                    (try.else false)))
+      (_.cover [/.process_id]
+               (expression (|>> (:as Nat) (n.= 0) not)
+                           /.process_id))
       ))
 
 (def: random_expression
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
index c60d3ba2d..79d25b75e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool.lux
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
    ["[1][0]" arity]
    ["[1][0]" version]
    ["[1][0]" reference]
+   ["[1][0]" phase]
    [language
     [lux
      ... ["[1][0]" syntax]
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
       /arity.test
       /version.test
       /reference.test
+      /phase.test
       /analysis/primitive.test
       /analysis/composite.test
       /analysis/pattern.test
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0137730a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/phase.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+(.using
+ [library
+  [lux "*"
+   ["_" test {"+" Test}]
+   [abstract
+    [monad {"+" do}]
+    [\\specification
+     ["$[0]" functor {"+" Injection Comparison}]
+     ["$[0]" monad]]]
+   [control
+    [pipe {"+" case>}]
+    ["[0]" try ("[1]#[0]" functor)]
+    ["[0]" exception {"+" exception:}]]
+   [data
+    ["[0]" text ("[1]#[0]" equivalence)
+     ["%" format {"+" format}]]]
+   [math
+    ["[0]" random]
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]
+     ["i" int]]]]]
+ [\\library
+  ["[0]" /
+   [//
+    [meta
+     ["[0]" archive]]]]])
+
+(def: (injection value)
+  (All (_ s) (Injection (/.Operation s)))
+  (function (_ state)
+    {try.#Success [state value]}))
+
+(def: (comparison init)
+  (All (_ s) (-> s (Comparison (/.Operation s))))
+  (function (_ == left right)
+    (case [(/.result init left)
+           (/.result init right)]
+      [{try.#Success left}
+       {try.#Success right}]
+      (== left right)
+
+      _
+      false)))
+
+(exception: oops)
+
+(def: test|error
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [state random.nat
+     expected random.int
+     expected_error (random.ascii/lower 1)]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.failure]
+                 (|> (/.failure expected_error)
+                     (/.result state)
+                     (case> {try.#Failure actual_error}
+                            (same? expected_error actual_error)
+
+                            _
+                            false)))
+        (_.cover [/.lifted]
+                 (and (|> (/.lifted {try.#Failure expected_error})
+                          (/.result state)
+                          (case> {try.#Failure actual_error}
+                                 (same? expected_error actual_error)
+
+                                 _
+                                 false))
+                      (|> (/.lifted {try.#Success expected})
+                          (# /.functor each (same? expected))
+                          (/.result state)
+                          (try.else false))))
+        (_.cover [/.except]
+                 (|> (/.except ..oops [])
+                     (/.result state)
+                     (case> {try.#Failure error}
+                            (exception.match? ..oops error)
+
+                            _
+                            false)))
+        (_.cover [/.assertion]
+                 (and (|> (/.assertion ..oops [] false)
+                          (/.result state)
+                          (case> {try.#Failure error}
+                                 (exception.match? ..oops error)
+
+                                 _
+                                 false))
+                      (|> (/.assertion ..oops [] true)
+                          (/.result state)
+                          (case> {try.#Success _}
+                                 true
+
+                                 _
+                                 false))))
+        )))
+
+(def: test|state
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [state random.nat
+     dummy random.nat
+     expected random.int]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.state]
+                 (|> /.state
+                     (# /.functor each (same? state))
+                     (/.result state)
+                     (try.else false)))
+        (_.cover [/.with]
+                 (|> (do /.monad
+                       [_ (/.with state)]
+                       /.state)
+                     (# /.functor each (same? state))
+                     (/.result dummy)
+                     (try.else false)))
+        (_.cover [/.sub]
+                 (|> (/.sub [(# n.hex encoded)
+                             (function (_ new old)
+                               (|> new (# n.hex decoded) (try.else dummy)))]
+                            (do /.monad
+                              [state/hex /.state]
+                              (in (|> state
+                                      (# n.hex encoded)
+                                      (text#= state/hex)))))
+                     (/.result' state)
+                     (case> {try.#Success [state' verdict]}
+                            (and verdict
+                                 (n.= state state'))
+
+                            _
+                            false)))
+        )))
+
+(def: test|operation
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [state random.nat
+     expected random.int]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.for [/.functor]
+               ($functor.spec ..injection (..comparison state) /.functor))
+        (_.for [/.monad]
+               ($monad.spec ..injection (..comparison state) /.monad))
+
+        (_.cover [/.result]
+                 (|> (# /.monad in expected)
+                     (/.result state)
+                     (case> {try.#Success actual}
+                            (same? expected actual)
+
+                            _
+                            false)))
+        (_.cover [/.result']
+                 (|> (# /.monad in expected)
+                     (/.result' state)
+                     (case> {try.#Success [state' actual]}
+                            (and (same? state state')
+                                 (same? expected actual))
+
+                            _
+                            false)))
+        ..test|state
+        ..test|error
+        )))
+
+(def: test|phase
+  Test
+  (do [! random.monad]
+    [state/0 random.nat
+     state/1 random.rev
+     expected random.int]
+    ($_ _.and
+        (_.cover [/.identity]
+                 (|> (/.identity archive.empty expected)
+                     (/.result state/0)
+                     (try#each (same? expected))
+                     (try.else false)))
+        (_.cover [/.composite]
+                 (let [phase (/.composite (: (/.Phase Nat Int Frac)
+                                             (function (_ archive input)
+                                               (# /.monad in (i.frac input))))
+                                          (: (/.Phase Rev Frac Text)
+                                             (function (_ archive input)
+                                               (# /.monad in (%.frac input)))))]
+                   (|> (phase archive.empty expected)
+                       (/.result' [state/0 state/1])
+                       (case> {try.#Success [[state/0' state/1'] actual]}
+                              (and (text#= (%.frac (i.frac expected)) actual)
+                                   (same? state/0 state/0')
+                                   (same? state/1 state/1'))
+
+                              _
+                              false))))
+        )))
+
+(def: .public test
+  Test
+  (<| (_.covering /._)
+      ($_ _.and
+          (_.for [/.Operation]
+                 ..test|operation)
+          (_.for [/.Phase]
+                 ..test|phase)
+          )))