Allow defining anonymous actors.

43 files changed, 728 insertions, 485 deletions

diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
index 320dc4207..c5f6ca6c7 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@
     {#.doc (doc "Defines an actor, with its behavior and internal state."
                 "Messages for the actor must be defined after the on-mail and on-stop handlers."
                 <examples>)}
-    (with-gensyms [g!_ g!init]
+    (with-gensyms [g!_]
       (do meta.monad
         [g!type (meta.gensym (format name "-abstract-type"))
          #let [g!actor (code.local-identifier name)
@@ -313,11 +313,22 @@
                           (All [(~+ g!vars)]
                             (..Behavior (~ state-type) ((~ g!type) (~+ g!vars))))
                           {#..on-init (|>> ((~! abstract.:abstraction) (~ g!type)))
-                           #..on-mail (~ (on-mail g!_ ?on-mail))
-                           #..on-stop (~ (on-stop g!_ ?on-stop))})
+                           #..on-mail (~ (..on-mail g!_ ?on-mail))
+                           #..on-stop (~ (..on-stop g!_ ?on-stop))})
 
                         (~+ messages))))))))
 
+  (syntax: #export (actor {[state-type init] (<c>.record (<>.and <c>.any <c>.any))}
+                          {[?on-mail ?on-stop messages] behavior^})
+    (with-gensyms [g!_]
+      (wrap (list (` (: ((~! io.IO) (..Actor (~ state-type)))
+                        (..spawn! (: (..Behavior (~ state-type) (~ state-type))
+                                     {#..on-init (|>>)
+                                      #..on-mail (~ (..on-mail g!_ ?on-mail))
+                                      #..on-stop (~ (..on-stop g!_ ?on-stop))})
+                                  (: (~ state-type)
+                                     (~ init)))))))))
+
   (type: Signature
     {#vars (List Text)
      #name Text
@@ -354,10 +365,10 @@
                 <examples>)}
     (with-gensyms [g!_ g!return]
       (do meta.monad
-        [[actor-name actor-vars] abstract.current
-         #let [g!type (code.local-identifier actor-name)
+        [actor-scope abstract.current
+         #let [g!type (code.local-identifier (get@ #abstract.name actor-scope))
                g!message (code.local-identifier (get@ #name signature))
-               g!actor-vars (list@map code.local-identifier actor-vars)
+               g!actor-vars (get@ #abstract.type-vars actor-scope)
                g!all-vars (|> (get@ #vars signature) (list@map code.local-identifier) (list@compose g!actor-vars))
                g!inputsC (|> (get@ #inputs signature) (list@map product.left))
                g!inputsT (|> (get@ #inputs signature) (list@map product.right))
@@ -367,13 +378,14 @@
                          (~ (csw.annotations annotations))
                          (All [(~+ g!all-vars)]
                            (-> (~+ g!inputsT)
-                               (..Message ((~ g!type) (~+ g!actor-vars)) (~ (get@ #output signature)))))
+                               (..Message (~ (get@ #abstract.abstraction actor-scope))
+                                          (~ (get@ #output signature)))))
                          (function ((~ g!_) (~ g!state) (~ g!self))
-                           (let [(~ g!state) ((~! abstract.:representation) (~ g!type) (~ g!state))]
-                             ((~! do) (~! promise.monad)
-                              [(~ g!return) (~ body)]
-                              ((~' wrap) ((~! do) (~! try.monad)
-                                          [[(~ g!state) (~ g!return)] (~ g!return)]
-                                          ((~' wrap) [((~! abstract.:abstraction) (~ g!type) (~ g!state))
-                                                      (~ g!return)]))))))))
+                           (let [(~ g!state) (:coerce (~ (get@ #abstract.representation actor-scope))
+                                                      (~ g!state))]
+                             (|> (~ body)
+                                 (: ((~! promise.Promise) ((~! try.Try) [(~ (get@ #abstract.representation actor-scope))
+                                                                         (~ (get@ #output signature))])))
+                                 (:coerce ((~! promise.Promise) ((~! try.Try) [(~ (get@ #abstract.abstraction actor-scope))
+                                                                               (~ (get@ #output signature))]))))))))
                     ))))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
index 9ae66df08..f0bacd85a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@
   [depth n.max]
   )
 
+(def: #export empty?
+  (All [k v] (-> (Dictionary k v) Bit))
+  (|>> ..size (n.= 0)))
+
 (template [<name> <other-color> <self-color> <no-change>]
   [(def: (<name> self)
      (All [k v] (-> (Node k v) (Node k v)))
@@ -272,7 +276,7 @@
                                     ))
 
                               ## (_@= reference key)
-                              ?root
+                              (#.Some (set@ #value value root))
                               )))
                   ))]
     (set@ #root root' dict)))
@@ -527,10 +531,13 @@
       )))
 
 (def: #export (update key transform dict)
-  (All [k v] (-> k (-> v v) (Dictionary k v) (Maybe (Dictionary k v))))
-  (do maybe.monad
-    [old (get key dict)]
-    (wrap (put key (transform old) dict))))
+  (All [k v] (-> k (-> v v) (Dictionary k v) (Dictionary k v)))
+  (case (..get key dict)
+    (#.Some old)
+    (..put key (transform old) dict)
+
+    #.None
+    dict))
 
 (def: #export (from-list Order<l> list)
   (All [k v] (-> (Order k) (List [k v]) (Dictionary k v)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/lux/type/abstract.lux b/stdlib/source/lux/type/abstract.lux
index 22a21cc9c..46cbd641b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/lux/type/abstract.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/lux/type/abstract.lux
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (.module:
-  [lux (#- Scope)
+  [lux #*
    [abstract
     [monad (#+ Monad do)]]
    [control
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
   (All [a] (-> (Stack a) (Maybe (Stack a))))
   list.tail)
 
-(type: Scope
+(type: #export Frame
   {#name Text
    #type-vars (List Code)
    #abstraction Code
    #representation Code})
 
-(def: scopes
-  (Stack Scope)
+(def: frames
+  (Stack Frame)
   #.Nil)
 
 (template: (!peek <source> <reference> <then>)
@@ -55,53 +55,49 @@
       #.Nil
       (undefined))))
 
-(def: (peek-scopes-definition reference source)
-  (-> Text (List [Text Global]) (Stack Scope))
+(def: (peek-frames-definition reference source)
+  (-> Text (List [Text Global]) (Stack Frame))
   (!peek source reference
          (case head
            (#.Left _)
            (undefined)
 
-           (#.Right [exported? scope-type scope-anns scope-value])
-           (:coerce (Stack Scope) scope-value))))
+           (#.Right [exported? frame-type frame-anns frame-value])
+           (:coerce (Stack Frame) frame-value))))
 
-(def: (peek-scopes reference definition-reference source)
-  (-> Text Text (List [Text Module]) (Stack Scope))
+(def: (peek-frames reference definition-reference source)
+  (-> Text Text (List [Text Module]) (Stack Frame))
   (!peek source reference
-         (peek-scopes-definition definition-reference (get@ #.definitions head))))
+         (peek-frames-definition definition-reference (get@ #.definitions head))))
 
-(exception: #export no-active-scopes)
+(exception: #export no-active-frames)
 
-(def: (peek! scope)
-  (-> (Maybe Text) (Meta Scope))
+(def: (peek! frame)
+  (-> (Maybe Text) (Meta Frame))
   (function (_ compiler)
-    (let [[reference definition-reference] (name-of ..scopes)
-          current-scopes (peek-scopes reference definition-reference (get@ #.modules compiler))]
-      (case (case scope
-              (#.Some scope)
+    (let [[reference definition-reference] (name-of ..frames)
+          current-frames (peek-frames reference definition-reference (get@ #.modules compiler))]
+      (case (case frame
+              (#.Some frame)
               (list.find (function (_ [actual _])
-                           (text@= scope actual))
-                         current-scopes)
+                           (text@= frame actual))
+                         current-frames)
               
               #.None
-              (..peek current-scopes))
-        (#.Some scope)
-        (#.Right [compiler scope])
+              (..peek current-frames))
+        (#.Some frame)
+        (#.Right [compiler frame])
         
         #.None
-        (exception.throw ..no-active-scopes [])))))
+        (exception.throw ..no-active-frames [])))))
 
 (def: #export current
-  (Meta [Text (List Text)])
-  (do meta.monad
-    [[name type-vars abstraction representation] (..peek! #.None)]
-    (wrap [name (list@map code.format type-vars)])))
+  (Meta Frame)
+  (..peek! #.None))
 
 (def: #export (specific name)
-  (-> Text (Meta (List Text)))
-  (do meta.monad
-    [[name type-vars abstraction representation] (..peek! (#.Some name))]
-    (wrap (list@map code.format type-vars))))
+  (-> Text (Meta Frame))
+  (..peek! (#.Some name)))
 
 (template: (!push <source> <reference> <then>)
   (loop [entries <source>]
@@ -116,60 +112,60 @@
       #.Nil
       (undefined))))
 
-(def: (push-scope-definition reference scope source)
-  (-> Text Scope (List [Text Global]) (List [Text Global]))
+(def: (push-frame-definition reference frame source)
+  (-> Text Frame (List [Text Global]) (List [Text Global]))
   (!push source reference
          (case head
            (#.Left _)
            (undefined)
 
-           (#.Right [exported? scopes-type scopes-anns scopes-value])
+           (#.Right [exported? frames-type frames-anns frames-value])
            (#.Right [exported?
-                     scopes-type
-                     scopes-anns
-                     (..push scope (:coerce (Stack Scope) scopes-value))]))))
+                     frames-type
+                     frames-anns
+                     (..push frame (:coerce (Stack Frame) frames-value))]))))
 
-(def: (push-scope [module-reference definition-reference] scope source)
-  (-> Name Scope (List [Text Module]) (List [Text Module]))
+(def: (push-frame [module-reference definition-reference] frame source)
+  (-> Name Frame (List [Text Module]) (List [Text Module]))
   (!push source module-reference
-         (update@ #.definitions (push-scope-definition definition-reference scope) head)))
+         (update@ #.definitions (push-frame-definition definition-reference frame) head)))
 
-(def: (push! scope)
-  (-> Scope (Meta Any))
+(def: (push! frame)
+  (-> Frame (Meta Any))
   (function (_ compiler)
     (#.Right [(update@ #.modules
-                       (..push-scope (name-of ..scopes) scope)
+                       (..push-frame (name-of ..frames) frame)
                        compiler)
               []])))
 
-(def: (pop-scope-definition reference source)
+(def: (pop-frame-definition reference source)
   (-> Text (List [Text Global]) (List [Text Global]))
   (!push source reference
          (case head
            (#.Left _)
            (undefined)
 
-           (#.Right [exported? scopes-type scopes-anns scopes-value])
+           (#.Right [exported? frames-type frames-anns frames-value])
            (#.Right [exported?
-                     scopes-type
-                     scopes-anns
-                     (let [current-scopes (:coerce (Stack Scope) scopes-value)]
-                       (case (..pop current-scopes)
-                         (#.Some current-scopes')
-                         current-scopes'
+                     frames-type
+                     frames-anns
+                     (let [current-frames (:coerce (Stack Frame) frames-value)]
+                       (case (..pop current-frames)
+                         (#.Some current-frames')
+                         current-frames'
 
                          #.None
-                         current-scopes))]))))
+                         current-frames))]))))
 
-(def: (pop-scope [module-reference definition-reference] source)
+(def: (pop-frame [module-reference definition-reference] source)
   (-> Name (List [Text Module]) (List [Text Module]))
   (!push source module-reference
-         (|> head (update@ #.definitions (pop-scope-definition definition-reference)))))
+         (|> head (update@ #.definitions (pop-frame-definition definition-reference)))))
 
 (syntax: (pop!)
   (function (_ compiler)
     (#.Right [(update@ #.modules
-                       (..pop-scope (name-of ..scopes))
+                       (..pop-frame (name-of ..frames))
                        compiler)
               (list)])))
 
@@ -179,9 +175,9 @@
              (<>.and (<>@wrap #.None) <c>.any)))
 
 (template [<name> <from> <to>]
-  [(syntax: #export (<name> {[scope value] ..cast})
+  [(syntax: #export (<name> {[frame value] ..cast})
      (do meta.monad
-       [[name type-vars abstraction representation] (peek! scope)]
+       [[name type-vars abstraction representation] (peek! frame)]
        (wrap (list (` ((~! :cast) [(~+ type-vars)] (~ <from>) (~ <to>)
                        (~ value)))))))]
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex.lux
index f3f222d90..a3712a19f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex.lux
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
    ["#." parser]
    ["#." pom]
    ["#." cli]
-   ["#." local]
+   ["#." cache]
    ["#." dependency #_
     ["#" resolution]]
    ["#." command
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@
   (-> /.Profile (Promise Any))
   (do promise.monad
     [outcome (do (try.with promise.monad)
-               [cache (/local.all-cached (file.async file.default)
-                                         (set.to-list (get@ #/.dependencies profile))
-                                         /dependency.empty)
+               [cache (/cache.read-all (file.async file.default)
+                                       (set.to-list (get@ #/.dependencies profile))
+                                       /dependency.empty)
                 resolution (promise.future
                             (/dependency.resolve-all (set.to-list (get@ #/.repositories profile))
                                                      (set.to-list (get@ #/.dependencies profile))
                                                      cache))]
-               (/local.cache-all (file.async file.default)
+               (/cache.write-all (file.async file.default)
                                  resolution))]
     (wrap (case outcome
             (#try.Success _)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/cache.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/cache.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a81b2869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/cache.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux #*
+   [abstract
+    [codec (#+ Codec)]
+    ["." monad (#+ do)]]
+   [control
+    ["." try (#+ Try)]
+    [concurrency
+     ["." promise (#+ Promise)]]
+    [security
+     ["!" capability]]]
+   [data
+    [binary (#+ Binary)]
+    [text
+     ["%" format (#+ format)]
+     ["." encoding]]
+    [collection
+     ["." dictionary]
+     ["." set]]
+    [format
+     ["." xml]]]
+   [world
+    ["." file (#+ Path File Directory)]]]
+  ["." // #_
+   ["#" local]
+   ["#." hash]
+   ["#." package (#+ Package)]
+   ["#." artifact
+    ["#/." extension]]
+   [dependency (#+ Dependency)
+    [resolution (#+ Resolution)]]])
+
+(def: (write! system content file)
+  (-> (file.System Promise) Binary Path (Promise (Try Any)))
+  (do (try.with promise.monad)
+    [file (: (Promise (Try (File Promise)))
+             (file.get-file promise.monad system file))]
+    (!.use (:: file over-write) [content])))
+
+(def: #export (write-one system [artifact type] package)
+  (-> (file.System Promise) Dependency Package (Promise (Try Any)))
+  (do (try.with promise.monad)
+    [directory (: (Promise (Try Path))
+                  (file.make-directories promise.monad system (//.path system artifact)))
+     #let [prefix (format directory (:: system separator) (//artifact.identity artifact))]
+     directory (: (Promise (Try (Directory Promise)))
+                  (file.get-directory promise.monad system directory))
+     _ (..write! system
+                 (get@ #//package.library package)
+                 (format prefix (//artifact/extension.extension type)))
+     _ (..write! system
+                 (|> package
+                     (get@ #//package.sha-1)
+                     (:: //hash.sha-1-codec encode)
+                     encoding.to-utf8)
+                 (format prefix //artifact/extension.sha-1))
+     _ (..write! system
+                 (|> package
+                     (get@ #//package.md5)
+                     (:: //hash.md5-codec encode)
+                     encoding.to-utf8)
+                 (format prefix //artifact/extension.md5))
+     _ (..write! system
+                 (|> package (get@ #//package.pom) (:: xml.codec encode) encoding.to-utf8)
+                 (format prefix //artifact/extension.pom))]
+    (wrap [])))
+
+(def: #export (write-all system resolution)
+  (-> (file.System Promise) Resolution (Promise (Try Any)))
+  (do {! (try.with promise.monad)}
+    [_ (monad.map ! (function (_ [dependency package])
+                      (..write-one system dependency package))
+                  (dictionary.entries resolution))]
+    (wrap [])))
+
+(def: (read! system path)
+  (-> (file.System Promise) Path (Promise (Try Binary)))
+  (do (try.with promise.monad)
+    [file (: (Promise (Try (File Promise)))
+             (!.use (:: system file) path))]
+    (!.use (:: file content) [])))
+
+(def: (decode codec data)
+  (All [a] (-> (Codec Text a) Binary (Try a)))
+  (let [(^open "_@.") try.monad]
+    (|> data
+        encoding.from-utf8
+        (_@map (:: codec decode))
+        _@join)))
+
+(def: #export (read-one system [artifact type])
+  (-> (file.System Promise) Dependency (Promise (Try Package)))
+  (let [prefix (format (//.path system artifact)
+                       (:: system separator)
+                       (//artifact.identity artifact))]
+    (do (try.with promise.monad)
+      [pom (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.pom))
+       library (..read! system (format prefix (//artifact/extension.extension type)))
+       sha-1 (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.sha-1))
+       md5 (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.md5))]
+      (:: promise.monad wrap
+          (do try.monad
+            [pom (..decode xml.codec pom)
+             sha-1 (..decode //hash.sha-1-codec sha-1)
+             md5 (..decode //hash.md5-codec md5)]
+            (wrap {#//package.library library
+                   #//package.pom pom
+                   #//package.sha-1 sha-1
+                   #//package.md5 md5}))))))
+
+(def: #export (read-all system dependencies resolution)
+  (-> (file.System Promise) (List Dependency) Resolution (Promise (Try Resolution)))
+  (case dependencies
+    #.Nil
+    (:: (try.with promise.monad) wrap resolution)
+    
+    (#.Cons head tail)
+    (do promise.monad
+      [package (case (dictionary.get head resolution)
+                 (#.Some package)
+                 (wrap (#try.Success package))
+
+                 #.None
+                 (..read-one system head))]
+      (with-expansions [<next> (as-is (read-all system tail resolution))]
+        (case package
+          (#try.Success package)
+          (do (try.with promise.monad)
+            [sub-dependencies (|> package
+                                  //package.dependencies
+                                  (:: promise.monad wrap))
+             resolution (|> resolution
+                            (dictionary.put head package)
+                            (read-all system (set.to-list sub-dependencies)))]
+            <next>)
+          
+          (#try.Failure error)
+          <next>)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/build.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/build.lux
index 2d8ffb763..2e3e464a2 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/build.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/build.lux
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
    ["#." action]
    ["#." command (#+ Command)]
    ["#." local]
+   ["#." cache]
    ["#." dependency (#+ Dependency)
     ["#/." resolution (#+ Resolution)]]
    ["#." shell]
@@ -124,14 +125,14 @@
     
     [(#.Some program) (#.Some target)]
     (do ///action.monad
-      [cache (///local.all-cached (file.async file.default)
-                                  (set.to-list (get@ #///.dependencies profile))
-                                  ///dependency/resolution.empty)
+      [cache (///cache.read-all (file.async file.default)
+                                (set.to-list (get@ #///.dependencies profile))
+                                ///dependency/resolution.empty)
        resolution (promise.future
                    (///dependency/resolution.resolve-all (set.to-list (get@ #///.repositories profile))
                                                          (set.to-list (get@ #///.dependencies profile))
                                                          cache))
-       _ (///local.cache-all (file.async file.default)
+       _ (///cache.write-all (file.async file.default)
                              resolution)
        [resolution compiler] (promise@wrap (..compiler resolution))
        working-directory (promise.future ..working-directory)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
index 7e48610e3..10874cbfc 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
    ["." host (#+ import:)]
    [abstract
     [codec (#+ Codec)]
+    [equivalence (#+ Equivalence)]
     [monad (#+ do)]]
    [control
     ["." io (#+ IO)]
@@ -133,6 +134,10 @@
   Resolution
   (dictionary.new //.hash))
 
+(def: #export equivalence
+  (Equivalence Resolution)
+  (dictionary.equivalence ///package.equivalence))
+
 (exception: #export (cannot-resolve {dependency Dependency})
   (let [artifact (get@ #//.artifact dependency)
         type (get@ #//.type dependency)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/local.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/local.lux
index dc769bcc1..17ddeb4cf 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/local.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/local.lux
@@ -1,45 +1,12 @@
 (.module:
   [lux #*
-   [abstract
-    ["." monad (#+ do)]]
-   [control
-    ["." io (#+ IO)]
-    ["." try (#+ Try)]
-    ["." exception]
-    [concurrency
-     ["." promise (#+ Promise)]]
-    [security
-     ["!" capability]]
-    ["<>" parser
-     ["<.>" xml]]]
    [data
-    [binary (#+ Binary)]
     [text
-     ["%" format (#+ format)]
-     ["." encoding]]
-    [collection
-     ["." list ("#@." monoid)]
-     ["." dictionary]
-     ["." set]]
-    [format
-     ["." binary]
-     ["." tar]
-     ["." xml]]]
+     ["%" format (#+ format)]]]
    [world
-    ["." file (#+ Path File Directory)]]]
-  [program
-   [compositor
-    ["." export]]]
+    ["." file (#+ Path)]]]
   ["." // #_
-   ["/" profile (#+ Profile)]
-   ["#." pom]
-   ["#." hash]
-   ["#." package (#+ Package)]
-   ["#." artifact (#+ Artifact)
-    ["#/." type]
-    ["#/." extension]]
-   ["#." dependency (#+ Dependency)
-    ["#/." resolution (#+ Resolution)]]])
+   ["#." artifact (#+ Artifact)]])
 
 (def: #export (repository system)
   (All [a] (-> (file.System a) Path))
@@ -51,103 +18,3 @@
   (format (..repository system)
           (:: system separator)
           (//artifact.path system artifact)))
-
-(def: (save! system content file)
-  (-> (file.System Promise) Binary Path (Promise (Try Any)))
-  (do (try.with promise.monad)
-    [file (: (Promise (Try (File Promise)))
-             (file.get-file promise.monad system file))]
-    (!.use (:: file over-write) [content])))
-
-(def: #export (cache system [artifact type] package)
-  (-> (file.System Promise) Dependency Package (Promise (Try Any)))
-  (do (try.with promise.monad)
-    [directory (: (Promise (Try Path))
-                  (file.make-directories promise.monad system (..path system artifact)))
-     #let [prefix (format directory (:: system separator) (//artifact.identity artifact))]
-     directory (: (Promise (Try (Directory Promise)))
-                  (file.get-directory promise.monad system directory))
-     _ (..save! system
-                (get@ #//package.library package)
-                (format prefix (//artifact/extension.extension type)))
-     _ (..save! system
-                (|> package
-                    (get@ #//package.sha-1)
-                    (:: //hash.sha-1-codec encode)
-                    encoding.to-utf8)
-                (format prefix //artifact/extension.sha-1))
-     _ (..save! system
-                (|> package
-                    (get@ #//package.md5)
-                    (:: //hash.md5-codec encode)
-                    encoding.to-utf8)
-                (format prefix //artifact/extension.md5))
-     _ (..save! system
-                (|> package (get@ #//package.pom) (:: xml.codec encode) encoding.to-utf8)
-                (format prefix //artifact/extension.pom))]
-    (wrap [])))
-
-(def: #export (cache-all system resolution)
-  (-> (file.System Promise) Resolution (Promise (Try Any)))
-  (do {! (try.with promise.monad)}
-    [_ (monad.map ! (function (_ [dependency package])
-                      (..cache system dependency package))
-                  (dictionary.entries resolution))]
-    (wrap [])))
-
-(def: (read! system path)
-  (-> (file.System Promise) Path (Promise (Try Binary)))
-  (do (try.with promise.monad)
-    [file (: (Promise (Try (File Promise)))
-             (!.use (:: system file) path))]
-    (!.use (:: file content) [])))
-
-(def: #export (cached system [artifact type])
-  (-> (file.System Promise) Dependency (Promise (Try Package)))
-  (do (try.with promise.monad)
-    [directory (: (Promise (Try Path))
-                  (file.make-directories promise.monad system (..path system artifact)))
-     #let [prefix (format directory (:: system separator) (//artifact.identity artifact))]
-     pom (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.pom))
-     library (..read! system (format prefix (//artifact/extension.extension type)))
-     sha-1 (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.sha-1))
-     md5 (..read! system (format prefix //artifact/extension.md5))]
-    (:: promise.monad wrap
-        (do try.monad
-          [pom (encoding.from-utf8 pom)
-           pom (:: xml.codec decode pom)
-           sha-1 (//hash.as-sha-1 sha-1)
-           md5 (//hash.as-md5 md5)]
-          (wrap {#//package.library library
-                 #//package.pom pom
-                 #//package.sha-1 sha-1
-                 #//package.md5 md5})))))
-
-(def: #export (all-cached system dependencies resolution)
-  (-> (file.System Promise) (List Dependency) Resolution (Promise (Try Resolution)))
-  (case dependencies
-    #.Nil
-    (:: (try.with promise.monad) wrap resolution)
-    
-    (#.Cons head tail)
-    (do promise.monad
-      [package (case (dictionary.get head resolution)
-                 (#.Some package)
-                 (wrap (#try.Success package))
-
-                 #.None
-                 (..cached system head))]
-      (with-expansions [<next> (as-is (all-cached system tail resolution))]
-        (case package
-          (#try.Success package)
-          (do (try.with promise.monad)
-            [sub-dependencies (|> package
-                                  //package.dependencies
-                                  (:: promise.monad wrap))
-             resolution (|> resolution
-                            (dictionary.put head package)
-                            (all-cached system (set.to-list sub-dependencies)))]
-            <next>)
-          
-          (#try.Failure error)
-          <next>)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
index 757f116e6..31376c6f5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 (.module:
   [lux #*
+   [abstract
+    ["." equivalence (#+ Equivalence)]]
    [control
     ["." try (#+ Try) ("#@." functor)]
     [parser
      ["<.>" xml]]]
    [data
-    [binary (#+ Binary)]
+    ["." binary (#+ Binary)]
     [format
-     [xml (#+ XML)]]
+     ["." xml (#+ XML)]]
     [collection
      [set (#+ Set)]]]]
   ["." // #_
@@ -34,3 +36,12 @@
   (|>> (get@ #pom)
        (<xml>.run //pom.parser)
        (try@map (get@ #/.dependencies))))
+
+(def: #export equivalence
+  (Equivalence Package)
+  ($_ equivalence.product
+      binary.equivalence
+      xml.equivalence
+      //hash.equivalence
+      //hash.equivalence
+      ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex.lux
index c1aa9ae9b..ed32b969c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex.lux
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     ["#/." pom]
     ["#/." install]]
    ["#." local]
+   ["#." cache]
    ["#." dependency]
    ["#." package]
    ["#." profile]
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
       /command/pom.test
       /command/install.test
       /local.test
+      /cache.test
       /dependency.test
       /package.test
       /profile.test
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/cache.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/cache.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1b4abfc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/cache.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux (#- Type type)
+   ["_" test (#+ Test)]
+   [abstract
+    ["." monad (#+ do)]]
+   [control
+    ["." try]
+    [concurrency
+     ["." promise (#+ Promise)]]]
+   [data
+    [binary (#+ Binary)]
+    ["." text]
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]
+    [format
+     [xml (#+ XML)]]
+    [collection
+     ["." set]
+     ["." dictionary]]]
+   [math
+    ["." random (#+ Random) ("#@." monad)]]
+   [world
+    ["." file]]]
+  [//
+   ["@." profile]
+   ["@." artifact]
+   [//
+    [lux
+     [data
+      ["_." binary]]]]]
+  {#program
+   ["." /
+    ["/#" // #_
+     ["#" profile (#+ Profile)]
+     ["#." package (#+ Package)]
+     ["#." pom]
+     ["#." dependency (#+ Dependency)
+      ["#/." resolution (#+ Resolution)]]
+     ["#." artifact (#+ Artifact)
+      ["#/." type (#+ Type)]]]]})
+
+(def: type
+  (Random Type)
+  ($_ random.either
+      (random@wrap //artifact/type.lux-library)
+      (random@wrap //artifact/type.jvm-library)))
+
+(def: profile
+  (Random [Artifact Profile XML])
+  (random.one (function (_ profile)
+                (try.to-maybe
+                 (do try.monad
+                   [pom (//pom.write profile)
+                    identity (try.from-maybe (get@ #//.identity profile))]
+                   (wrap [identity profile pom]))))
+              @profile.random))
+
+(def: content
+  (Random Binary)
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [content-size (:: ! map (n.% 100) random.nat)]
+    (_binary.random content-size)))
+
+(def: package
+  (Random [Dependency Package])
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [[identity profile pom] ..profile
+     type ..type
+     content ..content]
+    (wrap [{#//dependency.artifact identity
+            #//dependency.type type}
+           (//package.local pom content)])))
+
+(def: resolution
+  (Random Resolution)
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [[main-dependency main-package] ..package
+     dependencies (|> (//package.dependencies main-package)
+                      (:: try.monad map set.to-list)
+                      (try.default (list))
+                      (monad.map ! (function (_ dependency)
+                                     (do !
+                                       [pom (random.one (function (_ [identity profile pom])
+                                                          (|> profile
+                                                              (set@ #//.dependencies (set.new //dependency.hash))
+                                                              (set@ #//.identity (#.Some (get@ #//dependency.artifact dependency)))
+                                                              //pom.write
+                                                              try.to-maybe))
+                                                        ..profile)
+                                        content ..content]
+                                       (wrap [dependency
+                                              (//package.local pom content)])))))]
+    (wrap (dictionary.from-list //dependency.hash (list& [main-dependency main-package] dependencies)))))
+
+(def: singular
+  Test
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [[dependency expected-package] ..package
+     #let [fs (: (file.System Promise)
+                 (file.mock (:: file.default separator)))]]
+    (wrap (do promise.monad
+            [wrote! (/.write-one fs dependency expected-package)
+             read! (/.read-one fs dependency)]
+            (_.claim [/.write-one /.read-one]
+                     (<| (try.default false)
+                         (do try.monad
+                           [_ wrote!
+                            actual-package read!]
+                           (wrap (:: //package.equivalence =
+                                     expected-package
+                                     actual-package)))))))))
+
+(def: plural
+  Test
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [expected ..resolution
+     #let [fs (: (file.System Promise)
+                 (file.mock (:: file.default separator)))]]
+    (wrap (do promise.monad
+            [wrote! (/.write-all fs expected)
+             read! (/.read-all fs (dictionary.keys expected) //dependency/resolution.empty)]
+            (_.claim [/.write-all /.read-all]
+                     (<| (try.default false)
+                         (do try.monad
+                           [_ wrote!
+                            actual read!]
+                           (wrap (:: //dependency/resolution.equivalence =
+                                     expected
+                                     actual)))))))))
+
+(def: #export test
+  Test
+  (<| (_.covering /._)
+      ($_ _.and
+          ..singular
+          ..plural
+          )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/install.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/install.lux
index 7f8a4557f..60a46116d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/install.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/install.lux
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
          #let [fs (file.mock (:: file.default separator))]]
         (wrap (case (get@ #///.identity sample)
                 (#.Some identity)
-                (do {@ promise.monad}
+                (do {! promise.monad}
                   [verdict (do ///action.monad
                              [_ (..execute! fs sample)
                               #let [artifact-path (format (///local.path fs identity)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
                            (try.default false verdict)))
 
                 #.None
-                (do {@ promise.monad}
+                (do {! promise.monad}
                   [outcome (..execute! fs sample)]
                   (_.claim [/.do!]
                            (case outcome
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
index cd0eed8e9..c973678cc 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@
       (do random.monad
         [sample @profile.random
          #let [fs (file.mock (:: file.default separator))]]
-        (wrap (do {@ promise.monad}
+        (wrap (do {! promise.monad}
                 [outcome (/.do! fs sample)]
                 (case outcome
                   (#try.Success path)
-                  (do @
+                  (do !
                     [verdict (do ///action.monad
                                [expected (|> (///pom.write sample)
                                              (try@map (|>> (:: xml.codec encode) encoding.to-utf8))
-                                             (:: @ wrap))
+                                             (:: ! wrap))
                                 file (: (Promise (Try (File Promise)))
                                         (file.get-file promise.monad fs path))
                                 actual (!.use (:: file content) [])
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
index bc6bb1b4b..745ec0910 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
   (All [h]
     (-> (-> Binary (/.Hash h))
         (Random (/.Hash h))))
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [size (:: @ map (n.% 100) random.nat)]
-    (:: @ map hash (_binary.random size))))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [size (:: ! map (n.% 100) random.nat)]
+    (:: ! map hash (_binary.random size))))
 
 (def: #export test
   Test
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
index 50b99a218..b05d0afcb 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
-        [expected (:: @ map (set@ #//.parents (list)) @profile.random)
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [expected (:: ! map (set@ #//.parents (list)) @profile.random)
          #let [fs (: (file.System Promise)
                      (file.mock (:: file.default separator)))]]
         (wrap (do promise.monad
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/local.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/local.lux
index a883f565e..1c713684c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/local.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/local.lux
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
+      (do {! random.monad}
         [sample @artifact.random
          #let [fs (: (file.System Promise)
                      (file.mock (:: file.default separator)))]]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/parser.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/parser.lux
index 0c85156d2..e26240562 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/parser.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/parser.lux
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@
 
 (def: (list-of random)
   (All [a] (-> (Random a) (Random (List a))))
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [size (:: @ map (n.% 5) random.nat)]
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [size (:: ! map (n.% 5) random.nat)]
     (random.list size random)))
 
 (def: (dictionary-of key-hash key-random value-random)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/profile.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/profile.lux
index 398a85f5b..d0da1ff2a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/profile.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/profile.lux
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
 
 (def: (list-of random)
   (All [a] (-> (Random a) (Random (List a))))
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [size (:: @ map (n.% 5) random.nat)]
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [size (:: ! map (n.% 5) random.nat)]
     (random.list size random)))
 
 (def: (set-of hash random)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/licentia.lux b/stdlib/source/test/licentia.lux
index 619d9c711..f73d55ab4 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/licentia.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/licentia.lux
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@
 
 (def: period
   (Random (Period Nat))
-  (do {@ r.monad}
+  (do {! r.monad}
     [start (r.filter (|>> (n.= n@top) not)
                      r.nat)
      #let [wiggle-room (n.- start n@top)]
-     end (:: @ map
+     end (:: ! map
              (|>> (n.% wiggle-room) (n.max 1))
              r.nat)]
     (wrap {#time.start start
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@
 
 (def: (variable-list max-size gen-element)
   (All [a] (-> Nat (Random a) (Random (List a))))
-  (do {@ r.monad}
-    [amount (:: @ map (n.% (n.max 1 max-size))
+  (do {! r.monad}
+    [amount (:: ! map (n.% (n.max 1 max-size))
                 r.nat)]
     (r.list amount gen-element)))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
index 6549f9a17..809e906fb 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux.lux
@@ -138,8 +138,7 @@
    ["#." host]
    ["#." extension]
    ["#." target #_
-    ["#/." jvm]]]
-  )
+    ["#/." jvm]]])
 
 ## TODO: Get rid of this ASAP
 (template: (!bundle body)
@@ -150,12 +149,12 @@
 
 (def: identity
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [self (random.unicode 1)]
     ($_ _.and
         (_.test "Every value is identical to itself."
                 (is? self self))
-        (do @
+        (do !
           [other (random.unicode 1)]
           (_.test "Values created separately can't be identical."
                   (not (is? self other))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
index d31e6aef8..1b1a01242 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/actor.lux
@@ -45,11 +45,12 @@
   Test
   (do random.monad
     [initial-state random.nat
-     #let [inc! (: (/.Mail Nat)
-                   (function (_ state actor)
-                     (promise@wrap
-                      (#try.Success
-                       (inc state)))))]]
+     #let [as-mail (: (All [a] (-> (-> a a) (/.Mail a)))
+                      (function (_ transform)
+                        (function (_ state actor)
+                          (|> state transform #try.Success promise@wrap))))
+           inc! (: (/.Mail Nat) (as-mail inc))
+           dec! (: (/.Mail Nat) (as-mail dec))]]
     (<| (_.covering /._)
         (_.with-cover [/.Actor])
         ($_ _.and
@@ -159,4 +160,33 @@
 
                                (#try.Failure error)
                                false))))
+
+            (wrap (do promise.monad
+                    [verdict (promise.future
+                              (do io.monad
+                                [anonymous (/.actor {Nat
+                                                     initial-state}
+                                                    ((on-mail message state self)
+                                                     (message (inc state) self))
+
+                                                    ((on-stop cause state)
+                                                     (promise@wrap (exec (%.nat state)
+                                                                     []))))
+                                 sent/inc? (/.mail! inc! anonymous)
+                                 sent/dec? (/.mail! dec! anonymous)
+                                 poisoned? (/.poison! anonymous)
+                                 obituary (/.obituary anonymous)]
+                                (wrap (and (..mailed? sent/inc?)
+                                           (..mailed? sent/dec?)
+                                           (..mailed? poisoned?)
+                                           (case obituary
+                                             (^ (#.Some [error final-state (list)]))
+                                             (and (exception.match? /.poisoned error)
+                                                  (n.= (inc (inc initial-state))
+                                                       final-state))
+                                             
+                                             _
+                                             false)))))]
+                    (_.claim [/.actor]
+                             verdict)))
             ))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/frp.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/frp.lux
index 6c52dc5ad..43198ff5b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/frp.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/frp.lux
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
                       (_.claim [/.filter]
                                (list@= (list.filter n.even? inputs)
                                        output))))
-              (wrap (do {@ promise.monad}
+              (wrap (do {! promise.monad}
                       [#let [sink (: (Atom (Row Nat))
                                      (atom.atom row.empty))
                              channel (/.sequential 0 inputs)]
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
                        listened (|> sink
                                     atom.read
                                     promise.future
-                                    (:: @ map row.to-list))]
+                                    (:: ! map row.to-list))]
                       (_.claim [/.listen]
                                (and (list@= inputs
                                             output)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/process.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/process.lux
index fc818e22d..6d59672ca 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/process.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/process.lux
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
+      (do {! random.monad}
         [dummy random.nat
          expected random.nat
-         delay (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 100)))]
+         delay (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 100)))]
         ($_ _.and
             (_.cover [/.parallelism]
                      (n.> 0 /.parallelism))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/promise.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/promise.lux
index 1c8933499..0dc28819d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/promise.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/promise.lux
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
-        [to-wait (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 10))))
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [to-wait (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 10))))
          #let [extra-time (n.* 2 to-wait)]
          expected random.nat
          dummy random.nat
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/semaphore.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/semaphore.lux
index dcdb78f78..763ae41f8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/semaphore.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/semaphore.lux
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
   Test
   (_.with-cover [/.Semaphore]
     ($_ _.and
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
            #let [semaphore (/.semaphore initial-open-positions)]]
           (wrap (do promise.monad
                   [result (promise.time-out 10 (/.wait semaphore))]
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@
 
                              #.None
                              false)))))
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
            #let [semaphore (/.semaphore initial-open-positions)]]
-          (wrap (do {@ promise.monad}
-                  [_ (monad.map @ /.wait (list.repeat initial-open-positions semaphore))
+          (wrap (do {! promise.monad}
+                  [_ (monad.map ! /.wait (list.repeat initial-open-positions semaphore))
                    result (promise.time-out 10 (/.wait semaphore))]
                   (_.claim [/.wait]
                            (case result
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
 
                              #.None
                              true)))))
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
            #let [semaphore (/.semaphore initial-open-positions)]]
-          (wrap (do {@ promise.monad}
-                  [_ (monad.map @ /.wait (list.repeat initial-open-positions semaphore))
+          (wrap (do {! promise.monad}
+                  [_ (monad.map ! /.wait (list.repeat initial-open-positions semaphore))
                    #let [block (/.wait semaphore)]
                    result/0 (promise.time-out 10 block)
                    open-positions (/.signal semaphore)
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
 
                              _
                              false)))))
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [initial-open-positions (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
            #let [semaphore (/.semaphore initial-open-positions)]]
           (wrap (do promise.monad
                   [outcome (/.signal semaphore)]
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@
   Test
   (_.with-cover [/.Mutex]
     ($_ _.and
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [repetitions (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 10))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [repetitions (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 10))))
            #let [resource (atom.atom "")
                  expected-As (text.join-with "" (list.repeat repetitions "A"))
                  expected-Bs (text.join-with "" (list.repeat repetitions "B"))
@@ -98,16 +98,16 @@
                  processA (<| (/.synchronize mutex)
                               io.io
                               promise.future
-                              (do {@ io.monad}
-                                [_ (<| (monad.seq @)
+                              (do {! io.monad}
+                                [_ (<| (monad.seq !)
                                        (list.repeat repetitions)
                                        (atom.update (|>> (format "A")) resource))]
                                 (wrap [])))
                  processB (<| (/.synchronize mutex)
                               io.io
                               promise.future
-                              (do {@ io.monad}
-                                [_ (<| (monad.seq @)
+                              (do {! io.monad}
+                                [_ (<| (monad.seq !)
                                        (list.repeat repetitions)
                                        (atom.update (|>> (format "B")) resource))]
                                 (wrap [])))]]
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@
 
                      _
                      false)))
-        (do {@ random.monad}
-          [limit (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+        (do {! random.monad}
+          [limit (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
            #let [barrier (/.barrier (maybe.assume (/.limit limit)))
                  resource (atom.atom "")]]
-          (wrap (do {@ promise.monad}
+          (wrap (do {! promise.monad}
                   [#let [ending (|> "_"
                                     (list.repeat limit)
                                     (text.join-with ""))
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
                                              (exec (io.run (atom.update (|>> (format "_")) resource))
                                                (waiter resource barrier id)))
                                            ids)]
-                   _ (monad.seq @ waiters)
+                   _ (monad.seq ! waiters)
                    #let [outcome (io.run (atom.read resource))]]
                   (_.claim [/.barrier /.block]
                            (and (text.ends-with? ending outcome)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/stm.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/stm.lux
index 040d97924..fd3cd53d9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/stm.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/concurrency/stm.lux
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
+      (do {! random.monad}
         [dummy random.nat
          expected random.nat
-         iterations-per-process (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 100)))]
+         iterations-per-process (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 100)))]
         ($_ _.and
             (_.with-cover [/.functor]
               ($functor.spec ..injection ..comparison /.functor))
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@
                                  (list expected (n.* 2 expected))
                                  changes))))
             (wrap (let [var (/.var 0)]
-                    (do {@ promise.monad}
+                    (do {! promise.monad}
                       [_ (|> (list.repeat iterations-per-process [])
                              (list@map (function (_ _) (/.commit (/.update inc var))))
-                             (monad.seq @))
+                             (monad.seq !))
                        cummulative (/.commit (/.read var))]
                       (_.claim [/.STM]
                                (n.= iterations-per-process
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/exception.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/exception.lux
index 599eb5863..db97197e3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/exception.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/exception.lux
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 
 (def: #export test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [expected random.nat
      wrong (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= expected) not)))
      assertion-succeeded? random.bit
-     #let [report-element (:: @ map %.nat random.nat)]
+     #let [report-element (:: ! map %.nat random.nat)]
      field0 report-element
      value0 report-element
      field1 report-element
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function.lux
index f795d27c0..6e9fc74ac 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    [data
     [number
      ["n" nat]]
-    ["." text ("#@." equivalence)]]
+    ["." text ("#!." equivalence)]]
    [math
     ["." random (#+ Random)]]
    ["_" test (#+ Test)]]
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 
 (def: #export test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [expected random.nat
-     f0 (:: @ map n.+ random.nat)
-     f1 (:: @ map n.* random.nat)
+     f0 (:: ! map n.+ random.nat)
+     f1 (:: ! map n.* random.nat)
      dummy random.nat
      extra (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= expected) not)))]
     (<| (_.covering /._)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
                                     (n.= (left extra)
                                          (right extra)))))
                   generator (: (Random (-> Nat Nat))
-                               (:: @ map n.- random.nat))]
+                               (:: ! map n.- random.nat))]
               (_.with-cover [/.monoid]
                 ($monoid.spec equivalence /.monoid generator)))
             
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/contract.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/contract.lux
index 0cde16295..422c98618 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/contract.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/contract.lux
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
+      (do {! random.monad}
         [expected random.nat])
       ($_ _.and
           (_.cover [/.pre]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/memo.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/memo.lux
index 85fe41f8d..90a2064af 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/memo.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/memo.lux
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
-        [input (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 5) (n.+ 23))))])
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [input (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 5) (n.+ 23))))])
       (_.with-cover [/.Memo])
       ($_ _.and
           (_.cover [/.closed /.none]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/mixin.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/mixin.lux
index 2d83f5515..accf7659d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/mixin.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/function/mixin.lux
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 (def: #export test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (do {@ random.monad}
-        [input (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 6) (n.+ 20))))
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [input (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 6) (n.+ 20))))
          dummy random.nat
          shift (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= dummy) not)))
          #let [equivalence (: (Equivalence (/.Mixin Nat Nat))
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
                                  (n.= ((/.mixin left) input)
                                       ((/.mixin right) input)))))
                generator (: (Random (/.Mixin Nat Nat))
-                            (do @
+                            (do !
                               [output random.nat]
                               (wrap (function (_ delegate recur input)
                                       output))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser.lux
index 092152160..cbf390441 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser.lux
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@
 
 (def: combinators-0
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [expected0 random.nat
-     variadic (:: @ map (|>> (n.max 1) (n.min 20)) random.nat)
+     variadic (:: ! map (|>> (n.max 1) (n.min 20)) random.nat)
      expected+ (random.list variadic random.nat)
      even0 (random.filter n.even? random.nat)
      odd0 (random.filter n.odd? random.nat)
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@
 
 (def: combinators-1
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [variadic (:: @ map (|>> (n.max 1) (n.min 20)) random.nat)
-     times (:: @ map (n.% variadic) random.nat)
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [variadic (:: ! map (|>> (n.max 1) (n.min 20)) random.nat)
+     times (:: ! map (n.% variadic) random.nat)
      expected random.nat
      wrong (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= expected) not)))
      expected+ (random.list variadic random.nat)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
index 47a987d03..dca66b9ef 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/analysis.lux
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
       (_.with-cover [/.Parser])
-      (do {@ random.monad}
+      (do {! random.monad}
         []
         (`` ($_ _.and
-                (do {@ random.monad}
-                  [expected (:: @ map (|>> analysis.bit) random.bit)]
+                (do {! random.monad}
+                  [expected (:: ! map (|>> analysis.bit) random.bit)]
                   (_.cover [/.run /.any]
                            (|> (list expected)
                                (/.run /.any)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
                                       (#try.Failure _)
                                       false))))
                 (~~ (template [<query> <check> <random> <analysis> <=>]
-                      [(do {@ random.monad}
+                      [(do {! random.monad}
                          [expected <random>]
                          (_.cover [<query>]
                                   (|> (list (<analysis> expected))
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
                                              (#try.Failure _)
                                              false))))
-                       (do {@ random.monad}
+                       (do {! random.monad}
                          [expected <random>]
                          (_.cover [<check>]
                                   (|> (list (<analysis> expected))
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
                       [/.foreign /.foreign! random.nat analysis.variable/foreign n.=]
                       [/.constant /.constant! ..constant analysis.constant name@=]
                       ))
-                (do {@ random.monad}
+                (do {! random.monad}
                   [expected random.bit]
                   (_.cover [/.tuple]
                            (|> (list (analysis.tuple (list (analysis.bit expected))))
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 
                                       (#try.Failure _)
                                       false))))
-                (do {@ random.monad}
+                (do {! random.monad}
                   [dummy random.bit]
                   (_.cover [/.end?]
                            (and (|> (/.run /.end? (list))
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@
                                              (wrap verdict))
                                            (list (analysis.bit dummy)))
                                     (!expect (#try.Success #0))))))
-                (do {@ random.monad}
+                (do {! random.monad}
                   [dummy random.bit]
                   (_.cover [/.end!]
                            (and (|> (/.run /.end! (list))
                                     (!expect (#try.Success _)))
                                 (|> (/.run /.end! (list (analysis.bit dummy)))
                                     (!expect (#try.Failure _))))))
-                (do {@ random.monad}
+                (do {! random.monad}
                   [expected random.bit]
                   (_.cover [/.cannot-parse]
                            (and (|> (list (analysis.bit expected))
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 
                                            (#try.Failure error)
                                            (exception.match? /.cannot-parse error))))))
-                (do {@ random.monad}
+                (do {! random.monad}
                   [expected random.bit]
                   (_.cover [/.unconsumed-input]
                            (|> (list (analysis.bit expected) (analysis.bit expected))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/code.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/code.lux
index 696f70265..de2601c45 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/code.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/code.lux
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@
   (<| (_.covering /._)
       (_.with-cover [/.Parser])
       (`` ($_ _.and
-              (do {@ random.monad}
-                [expected (:: @ map code.bit random.bit)]
+              (do {! random.monad}
+                [expected (:: ! map code.bit random.bit)]
                 (_.cover [/.run]
                          (and (|> (/.run /.any (list expected))
                                   (!expect (#try.Success _)))
                               (|> (/.run /.any (list))
                                   (!expect (#try.Failure _))))))
               (~~ (template [<query> <check> <random> <code> <equivalence>]
-                    [(do {@ random.monad}
+                    [(do {! random.monad}
                        [expected <random>
                         dummy (|> <random> (random.filter (|>> (:: <equivalence> = expected) not)))]
                        ($_ _.and
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                                              (!expect (#try.Failure _)))))
                            ))]
 
-                    [/.any /.this! (:: @ map code.bit random.bit) function.identity code.equivalence]
+                    [/.any /.this! (:: ! map code.bit random.bit) function.identity code.equivalence]
                     [/.bit /.bit! random.bit code.bit bit.equivalence]
                     [/.nat /.nat! random.nat code.nat nat.equivalence]
                     [/.int /.int! random.int code.int int.equivalence]
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                     [/.local-tag /.local-tag! (random.unicode 1) code.local-tag text.equivalence]
                     ))
               (~~ (template [<query> <code>]
-                    [(do {@ random.monad}
+                    [(do {! random.monad}
                        [expected-left random.nat
                         expected-right random.int]
                        (_.cover [<query>]
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
                     [/.form code.form]
                     [/.tuple code.tuple]
                     ))
-              (do {@ random.monad}
+              (do {! random.monad}
                 [expected-left random.nat
                  expected-right random.int]
                 (_.cover [/.record]
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
                              (!expect (^multi (#try.Success [actual-left actual-right])
                                               (and (:: nat.equivalence = expected-left actual-left)
                                                    (:: int.equivalence = expected-right actual-right)))))))
-              (do {@ random.monad}
+              (do {! random.monad}
                 [expected-local random.nat
                  expected-global random.int]
                 (_.cover [/.local]
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@
                              (!expect (^multi (#try.Success [actual-local actual-global])
                                               (and (:: nat.equivalence = expected-local actual-local)
                                                    (:: int.equivalence = expected-global actual-global)))))))
-              (do {@ random.monad}
-                [dummy (:: @ map code.bit random.bit)]
+              (do {! random.monad}
+                [dummy (:: ! map code.bit random.bit)]
                 (_.cover [/.end?]
                          (|> (/.run (do <>.monad
                                       [pre /.end?
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@
                                     (list dummy))
                              (!expect (^multi (#try.Success verdict)
                                               verdict)))))
-              (do {@ random.monad}
-                [dummy (:: @ map code.bit random.bit)]
+              (do {! random.monad}
+                [dummy (:: ! map code.bit random.bit)]
                 (_.cover [/.end!]
                          (and (|> (/.run /.end! (list))
                                   (!expect (#try.Success [])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/tree.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/tree.lux
index d451e6298..efea74853 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/tree.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/parser/tree.lux
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     false))
 
 (template: (!cover <coverage> <parser> <sample>)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [dummy random.nat
      expected (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= dummy) not)))]
     (_.cover <coverage>
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
                                   (n.= expected actual)))))))
 
 (template: (!cover2 <coverage> <parser> <sample0> <sample1>)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [dummy random.nat
      expected (|> random.nat (random.filter (|>> (n.= dummy) not)))]
     (_.cover <coverage>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
           (!cover [/.run /.value]
                   /.value
                   (tree.leaf expected))
-          (do {@ random.monad}
+          (do {! random.monad}
             [expected random.nat]
             (_.cover [/.run']
                      (|> (/.run' /.value
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
                    (tree.branch expected
                                 (list (tree.leaf dummy)
                                       (tree.leaf dummy))))
-          (do {@ random.monad}
+          (do {! random.monad}
             [dummy random.nat]
             (_.cover [/.cannot-move-further]
                      (`` (and (~~ (template [<parser>]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/region.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/region.lux
index 763a4be0c..691bcbbce 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/region.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/region.lux
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
       (_.with-cover [/.Region])
-      (do {@ random.monad}
-        [expected-clean-ups (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 1))))]
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [expected-clean-ups (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 100) (n.max 1))))]
         ($_ _.and
             (_.with-cover [/.functor]
               ($functor.spec ..injection ..comparison (: (All [! r]
@@ -92,16 +92,16 @@
             
             (_.cover [/.run]
                      (thread.run
-                      (do {@ thread.monad}
+                      (do {! thread.monad}
                         [clean-up-counter (thread.box 0)
-                         #let [//@ @
+                         #let [//@ !
                                count-clean-up (function (_ value)
-                                                (do @
+                                                (do !
                                                   [_ (thread.update inc clean-up-counter)]
                                                   (wrap (#try.Success []))))]
-                         outcome (/.run @
-                                        (do {@ (/.monad @)}
-                                          [_ (monad.map @ (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
+                         outcome (/.run !
+                                        (do {! (/.monad !)}
+                                          [_ (monad.map ! (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
                                                         (enum.range n.enum 1 expected-clean-ups))]
                                           (wrap [])))
                          actual-clean-ups (thread.read clean-up-counter)]
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@
                                         actual-clean-ups))))))
             (_.cover [/.fail]
                      (thread.run
-                      (do {@ thread.monad}
+                      (do {! thread.monad}
                         [clean-up-counter (thread.box 0)
-                         #let [//@ @
+                         #let [//@ !
                                count-clean-up (function (_ value)
-                                                (do @
+                                                (do !
                                                   [_ (thread.update inc clean-up-counter)]
                                                   (wrap (#try.Success []))))]
-                         outcome (/.run @
-                                        (do {@ (/.monad @)}
-                                          [_ (monad.map @ (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
+                         outcome (/.run !
+                                        (do {! (/.monad !)}
+                                          [_ (monad.map ! (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
                                                         (enum.range n.enum 1 expected-clean-ups))
                                            _ (/.fail //@ (exception.construct ..oops []))]
                                           (wrap [])))
@@ -129,16 +129,16 @@
                                         actual-clean-ups))))))
             (_.cover [/.throw]
                      (thread.run
-                      (do {@ thread.monad}
+                      (do {! thread.monad}
                         [clean-up-counter (thread.box 0)
-                         #let [//@ @
+                         #let [//@ !
                                count-clean-up (function (_ value)
-                                                (do @
+                                                (do !
                                                   [_ (thread.update inc clean-up-counter)]
                                                   (wrap (#try.Success []))))]
-                         outcome (/.run @
-                                        (do {@ (/.monad @)}
-                                          [_ (monad.map @ (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
+                         outcome (/.run !
+                                        (do {! (/.monad !)}
+                                          [_ (monad.map ! (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
                                                         (enum.range n.enum 1 expected-clean-ups))
                                            _ (/.throw //@ ..oops [])]
                                           (wrap [])))
@@ -148,17 +148,17 @@
                                         actual-clean-ups))))))
             (_.cover [/.acquire]
                      (thread.run
-                      (do {@ thread.monad}
+                      (do {! thread.monad}
                         [clean-up-counter (thread.box 0)
-                         #let [//@ @
+                         #let [//@ !
                                count-clean-up (function (_ value)
-                                                (do @
+                                                (do !
                                                   [_ (thread.update inc clean-up-counter)]
                                                   (wrap (: (Try Any)
                                                            (exception.throw ..oops [])))))]
-                         outcome (/.run @
-                                        (do {@ (/.monad @)}
-                                          [_ (monad.map @ (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
+                         outcome (/.run !
+                                        (do {! (/.monad !)}
+                                          [_ (monad.map ! (/.acquire //@ count-clean-up)
                                                         (enum.range n.enum 1 expected-clean-ups))]
                                           (wrap [])))
                          actual-clean-ups (thread.read clean-up-counter)]
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@
                                         actual-clean-ups))))))
             (_.cover [/.lift]
                      (thread.run
-                      (do {@ thread.monad}
+                      (do {! thread.monad}
                         [clean-up-counter (thread.box 0)
-                         #let [//@ @]
-                         outcome (/.run @
-                                        (do (/.monad @)
+                         #let [//@ !]
+                         outcome (/.run !
+                                        (do (/.monad !)
                                           [_ (/.lift //@ (thread.write expected-clean-ups clean-up-counter))]
                                           (wrap [])))
                          actual-clean-ups (thread.read clean-up-counter)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
index b2a4fba96..ffac9570f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/state.lux
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@
 
 (def: loops
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [limit (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 10)))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [limit (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 10)))
      #let [condition (do /.monad
                        [state /.get]
                        (wrap (n.< limit state)))]]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
index e396dd81a..8b32295d9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/collection/dictionary/ordered.lux
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 (.module:
   [lux #*
-   ["%" data/text/format (#+ format)]
    ["_" test (#+ Test)]
    [abstract
     [monad (#+ do)]
@@ -11,13 +10,15 @@
       ["$." equivalence]]}]
    [data
     ["." product]
+    ["." bit ("#@." equivalence)]
+    ["." maybe ("#@." monad)]
     [number
      ["n" nat]]
     [collection
      ["." set]
      ["." list ("#@." functor)]]]
    [math
-    ["r" random (#+ Random) ("#@." monad)]]]
+    ["." random (#+ Random) ("#@." monad)]]]
   {1
    ["." /]})
 
@@ -26,26 +27,29 @@
     (-> (Order k) (Random k) (Random v) Nat (Random (/.Dictionary k v))))
   (case size
     0
-    (r@wrap (/.new order))
+    (random@wrap (/.new order))
     
     _
-    (do r.monad
+    (do random.monad
       [partial (dictionary order gen-key gen-value (dec size))
-       key (r.filter (function (_ candidate)
-                       (not (/.contains? candidate partial)))
-                     gen-key)
+       key (random.filter (function (_ candidate)
+                            (not (/.contains? candidate partial)))
+                          gen-key)
        value gen-value]
       (wrap (/.put key value partial)))))
 
 (def: #export test
   Test
-  (<| (_.context (%.name (name-of /.Dictionary)))
-      (do {! r.monad}
-        [size (|> r.nat (:: ! map (n.% 100)))
-         keys (r.set n.hash size r.nat)
-         values (r.set n.hash size r.nat)
-         extra-key (|> r.nat (r.filter (|>> (set.member? keys) not)))
-         extra-value r.nat
+  (<| (_.covering /._)
+      (_.with-cover [/.Dictionary])
+      (do {! random.monad}
+        [size (:: ! map (n.% 100) random.nat)
+         keys (random.set n.hash size random.nat)
+         values (random.set n.hash size random.nat)
+         extra-key (random.filter (|>> (set.member? keys) not)
+                                  random.nat)
+         extra-value random.nat
+         shift random.nat
          #let [pairs (list.zip/2 (set.to-list keys)
                                  (set.to-list values))
                sample (/.from-list n.order pairs)
@@ -53,58 +57,81 @@
                                          (n.< left right))
                                        pairs)
                sorted-values (list@map product.right sorted-pairs)
+               (^open "list@.") (list.equivalence (: (Equivalence [Nat Nat])
+                                                     (function (_ [kr vr] [ks vs])
+                                                       (and (n.= kr ks)
+                                                            (n.= vr vs)))))
                (^open "/@.") (/.equivalence n.equivalence)]]
         ($_ _.and
-            ($equivalence.spec (/.equivalence n.equivalence) (..dictionary n.order r.nat r.nat size))
+            (_.with-cover [/.equivalence]
+              ($equivalence.spec (/.equivalence n.equivalence) (..dictionary n.order random.nat random.nat size)))
             
-            (_.test "Can query the size of a dictionary."
-                    (n.= size (/.size sample)))
-            (_.test "Can query value for minimum key."
-                    (case [(/.min sample) (list.head sorted-values)]
-                      [#.None #.None]
-                      #1
+            (_.cover [/.size]
+                     (n.= size (/.size sample)))
+            (_.cover [/.empty?]
+                     (bit@= (n.= 0 (/.size sample))
+                            (/.empty? sample)))
+            (_.cover [/.new]
+                     (/.empty? (/.new n.order)))
+            (_.cover [/.min]
+                     (case [(/.min sample) (list.head sorted-values)]
+                       [#.None #.None]
+                       #1
 
-                      [(#.Some reference) (#.Some sample)]
-                      (n.= reference sample)
+                       [(#.Some reference) (#.Some sample)]
+                       (n.= reference sample)
 
-                      _
-                      #0))
-            (_.test "Can query value for maximum key."
-                    (case [(/.max sample) (list.last sorted-values)]
-                      [#.None #.None]
-                      #1
+                       _
+                       #0))
+            (_.cover [/.max]
+                     (case [(/.max sample) (list.last sorted-values)]
+                       [#.None #.None]
+                       #1
 
-                      [(#.Some reference) (#.Some sample)]
-                      (n.= reference sample)
+                       [(#.Some reference) (#.Some sample)]
+                       (n.= reference sample)
 
-                      _
-                      #0))
-            (_.test "Converting dictionaries to/from lists cannot change their values."
-                    (|> sample
-                        /.entries (/.from-list n.order)
-                        (/@= sample)))
-            (_.test "Order is preserved."
-                    (let [(^open "list@.") (list.equivalence (: (Equivalence [Nat Nat])
-                                                                (function (_ [kr vr] [ks vs])
-                                                                  (and (n.= kr ks)
-                                                                       (n.= vr vs)))))]
-                      (list@= (/.entries sample)
-                              sorted-pairs)))
-            (_.test "Every key in a dictionary must be identifiable."
-                    (list.every? (function (_ key) (/.contains? key sample))
-                                 (/.keys sample)))
-            (_.test "Can add and remove elements in a dictionary."
-                    (and (not (/.contains? extra-key sample))
-                         (let [sample' (/.put extra-key extra-value sample)
-                               sample'' (/.remove extra-key sample')]
-                           (and (/.contains? extra-key sample')
-                                (not (/.contains? extra-key sample''))
-                                (case [(/.get extra-key sample')
-                                       (/.get extra-key sample'')]
-                                  [(#.Some found) #.None]
-                                  (n.= extra-value found)
-
-                                  _
-                                  #0)))
-                         ))
+                       _
+                       #0))
+            (_.cover [/.entries]
+                     (list@= (/.entries sample)
+                             sorted-pairs))
+            (_.cover [/.keys /.values]
+                     (list@= (/.entries sample)
+                             (list.zip/2 (/.keys sample) (/.values sample))))
+            (_.cover [/.from-list]
+                     (|> sample
+                         /.entries (/.from-list n.order)
+                         (/@= sample)))
+            (_.cover [/.contains?]
+                     (and (list.every? (function (_ key) (/.contains? key sample))
+                                       (/.keys sample))
+                          (not (/.contains? extra-key sample))))
+            (_.cover [/.put]
+                     (and (not (/.contains? extra-key sample))
+                          (let [sample+ (/.put extra-key extra-value sample)]
+                            (and (/.contains? extra-key sample+)
+                                 (n.= (inc (/.size sample))
+                                      (/.size sample+))))))
+            (_.cover [/.get]
+                     (let [sample+ (/.put extra-key extra-value sample)]
+                       (case [(/.get extra-key sample)
+                              (/.get extra-key sample+)]
+                         [#.None (#.Some actual)]
+                         (n.= extra-value actual)
+                         
+                         _
+                         false)))
+            (_.cover [/.remove]
+                     (|> sample
+                         (/.put extra-key extra-value)
+                         (/.remove extra-key)
+                         (/@= sample)))
+            (_.cover [/.update]
+                     (|> sample
+                         (/.put extra-key extra-value)
+                         (/.update extra-key (n.+ shift))
+                         (/.get extra-key)
+                         (maybe@map (n.= (n.+ shift extra-value)))
+                         (maybe.default false)))
             ))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.js.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.js.lux
index 9112716ca..507cda9ff 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.js.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/host.js.lux
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
 
 (def: #export test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [boolean random.bit
-     number (:: @ map (|>> (nat.% 100) nat.frac) random.nat)
+     number (:: ! map (|>> (nat.% 100) nat.frac) random.nat)
      string (random.ascii 5)
-     function (:: @ map (function (_ shift)
+     function (:: ! map (function (_ shift)
                           (: (-> Nat Nat)
                              (nat.+ shift)))
                   random.nat)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/case.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/case.lux
index 5f8e46d3c..0a59b5534 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/case.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/case.lux
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@
 
 (def: masking-test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [maskedA //primitive.primitive
-     temp (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 100)))
+     temp (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 100)))
      #let [maskA (analysis.control/case
                   [maskedA
                    [[(#analysis.Bind temp)
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@
 
 (def: random-member
   (Random synthesis.Member)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [lefts (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 10)))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [lefts (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 10)))
      right? random.bit]
     (wrap (if right?
             (#.Right lefts)
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@
 
 (def: random-path
   (Random (analysis.Tuple synthesis.Member))
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [size-1 (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) inc)))]
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [size-1 (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) inc)))]
     (random.list size-1 ..random-member)))
 
 (def: (get-pattern path)
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@
 
 (def: get-test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [recordA (|> random.nat
-                 (:: @ map (|>> analysis.nat))
+                 (:: ! map (|>> analysis.nat))
                  (random.list 10)
-                 (:: @ map (|>> analysis.tuple)))
+                 (:: ! map (|>> analysis.tuple)))
      pathA ..random-path
      [pattern @member] (get-pattern pathA)
      #let [getA (analysis.control/case [recordA [[pattern
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 
 (def: random-bit
   (Random [Path Match])
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [test random.bit
      then random.nat
      else random.nat]
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
 (template [<name> <hash> <random> <path> <synthesis> <pattern> <analysis>]
   [(def: <name>
      (Random [Path Match])
-     (do {@ random.monad}
+     (do {! random.monad}
        [[test/0 test/1 test/2 test/3 test/4] (random-five <hash> <random>)
         [body/0 body/1 body/2 body/3 body/4] (random-five <hash> <random>)]
        (wrap [($_ #synthesis.Alt
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
 
 (def: random-variant
   (Random [Path Match])
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[lefts/0 lefts/1 lefts/2 lefts/3 lefts/4] (random-five n.hash random.nat)
      [value/0 value/1 value/2 value/3 value/4] (random-five text.hash (random.unicode 1))
      last-is-right? random.bit
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@
 
 (def: random-tuple
   (Random [Path Match])
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [mid-size (:: @ map (n.% 4) random.nat)
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [mid-size (:: ! map (n.% 4) random.nat)
 
      value/first (random.unicode 1)
      value/mid (random.list mid-size (random.unicode 1))
@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@
 
 (def: case-test
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [expected-input (:: @ map (|>> .i64 synthesis.i64) random.nat)
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [expected-input (:: ! map (|>> .i64 synthesis.i64) random.nat)
      [expected-path match] ..random-case]
     (_.cover [/.synthesize-case]
              (|> (/.synthesize-case //.phase archive.empty expected-input match)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
index eaca9c528..4d92094d3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/function.lux
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 (template [<name> <random> <synthesis> <analysis>]
   [(def: (<name> output?)
      Scenario
-     (do {@ random.monad}
+     (do {! random.monad}
        [value <random>]
        (wrap [true
               (<synthesis> value)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-variant random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [lefts random.nat
      right? random.bit
      [loop? expected-value actual-value] (random-value false)]
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-tuple random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[loop?-left expected-left actual-left] (random-value false)
      [loop?-right expected-right actual-right] (random-value false)]
     (wrap [(and loop?-left
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@
 
 (def: (random-variable arity output?)
   (-> Arity Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [register (:: @ map (|>> (n.% arity) inc) random.nat)]
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [register (:: ! map (|>> (n.% arity) inc) random.nat)]
     (wrap [(not (n.= 0 register))
            (synthesis.variable/local register)
            (if (n.= arity register)
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-constant output?)
   Scenario
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [module (random.unicode 1)
      short (random.unicode 1)]
     (wrap [true
@@ -170,14 +170,14 @@
 
 (def: (random-case arity random-value output?)
   (-> Arity Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [bit-test random.bit
      i64-test random.nat
      f64-test random.frac
      text-test (random.unicode 1)
      [loop?-input expected-input actual-input] (random-value false)
      [loop?-output expected-output actual-output] (random-value output?)
-     lefts (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 10)))
+     lefts (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 10)))
      right? random.bit
      #let [side|member (if right?
                          (#.Right lefts)
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-let arity random-value output?)
   (-> Arity Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[loop?-input expected-input actual-input] (random-value false)
      [loop?-output expected-output actual-output] (random-value output?)]
     (wrap [(and loop?-input
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-if random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[loop?-test expected-test actual-test] (random-value false)
      [loop?-then expected-then actual-then] (random-value output?)
      [loop?-else expected-else actual-else] (random-value output?)
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@
 
 (def: (random-get random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [lefts (|> random.nat (:: @ map (n.% 10)))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [lefts (|> random.nat (:: ! map (n.% 10)))
      right? random.bit
      [loop?-record expected-record actual-record] (random-value false)]
     (wrap [loop?-record
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-recur arity random-value output?)
   (-> Arity Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [resets (random.list arity (random-value false))]
     (wrap [true
            (synthesis.loop/recur (list@map (|>> product.right product.left) resets))
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-scope arity output?)
   (-> Arity Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [resets (random.list arity (..random-variable arity output?))
      [_ expected-output actual-output] (..random-nat output?)]
     (wrap [(list@fold (function (_ new old)
@@ -341,9 +341,9 @@
 
 (def: (random-abstraction' output?)
   Scenario
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[loop?-output expected-output actual-output] (..random-nat output?)
-     arity (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
+     arity (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
      #let [environment ($_ list@compose
                            (list@map (|>> #variable.Foreign)
                                      (list.indices arity))
@@ -361,9 +361,9 @@
 
 (def: (random-apply random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [[loop?-abstraction expected-abstraction actual-abstraction] (..random-nat output?)
-     arity (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
+     arity (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
      inputs (random.list arity (random-value false))]
     (wrap [(list@fold (function (_ new old)
                         (and new old))
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
 
 (def: (random-extension random-value output?)
   (-> Scenario Scenario)
-  (do {@ random.monad}
+  (do {! random.monad}
     [name (random.unicode 1)
      [loop?-first expected-first actual-first] (random-value false)
      [loop?-second expected-second actual-second] (random-value false)
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@
 
 (def: random-abstraction
   (Random [Synthesis Analysis])
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [arity (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [arity (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 5) inc)))
      [loop? expected-body actual-body] (random-body arity true)]
     (wrap [(..n-function loop? arity expected-body)
            (..n-abstraction arity actual-body)])))
@@ -437,8 +437,8 @@
 
 (def: application
   Test
-  (do {@ random.monad}
-    [arity (|> random.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
+  (do {! random.monad}
+    [arity (|> random.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 1))))
      funcA //primitive.primitive
      argsA (random.list arity //primitive.primitive)]
     (_.cover [/.apply]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/structure.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/structure.lux
index 24adb599c..d759ff213 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/structure.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/tool/compiler/language/lux/phase/synthesis/structure.lux
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 
 (def: variant
   Test
-  (do {@ r.monad}
-    [size (|> r.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.+ 2))))
-     tagA (|> r.nat (:: @ map (n.% size)))
+  (do {! r.monad}
+    [size (|> r.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.+ 2))))
+     tagA (|> r.nat (:: ! map (n.% size)))
      #let [right? (n.= (dec size) tagA)
            lefts (if right?
                    (dec tagA)
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
 
 (def: tuple
   Test
-  (do {@ r.monad}
-    [size (|> r.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 2))))
+  (do {! r.monad}
+    [size (|> r.nat (:: ! map (|>> (n.% 10) (n.max 2))))
      membersA (r.list size //primitive.primitive)]
     (_.test "Can synthesize tuple."
             (|> (////analysis.tuple membersA)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/type/check.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/type/check.lux
index d4bf9ed8e..ccd44ed89 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/type/check.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/type/check.lux
@@ -29,26 +29,37 @@
   (r.Random Name)
   (r.and ..short ..short))
 
+(def: (type' num-vars)
+  (-> Nat (r.Random Type))
+  (do r.monad
+    [_ (wrap [])]
+    (let [(^open "R@.") r.monad
+          pairG (r.and (type' num-vars)
+                       (type' num-vars))
+          quantifiedG (r.and (R@wrap (list)) (type' (n.+ 2 num-vars)))
+          random-pair (r.either (r.either (R@map (|>> #.Sum) pairG)
+                                          (R@map (|>> #.Product) pairG))
+                                (r.either (R@map (|>> #.Function) pairG)
+                                          (R@map (|>> #.Apply) pairG)))
+          random-id (let [random-id (r.either (R@map (|>> #.Var) r.nat)
+                                              (R@map (|>> #.Ex) r.nat))]
+                      (case num-vars
+                        0 random-id
+                        _ (r.either (R@map (|>> (n.% num-vars) #.Parameter) r.nat)
+                                    random-id)))
+          random-quantified (r.either (R@map (|>> #.UnivQ) quantifiedG)
+                                      (R@map (|>> #.ExQ) quantifiedG))]
+      ($_ r.either
+          (R@map (|>> #.Primitive) (r.and ..short (R@wrap (list))))
+          random-pair
+          random-id
+          random-quantified
+          (R@map (|>> #.Named) (r.and ..name (type' num-vars)))
+          ))))
+
 (def: type
   (r.Random Type)
-  (let [(^open "R@.") r.monad]
-    (r.rec (function (_ recur)
-             (let [pairG (r.and recur recur)
-                   idG r.nat
-                   quantifiedG (r.and (R@wrap (list)) recur)]
-               ($_ r.or
-                   (r.and ..short (R@wrap (list)))
-                   pairG
-                   pairG
-                   pairG
-                   idG
-                   idG
-                   idG
-                   quantifiedG
-                   quantifiedG
-                   pairG
-                   (r.and ..name recur)
-                   ))))))
+  (..type' 0))
 
 (def: (valid-type? type)
   (-> Type Bit)