- Function generation.

12 files changed, 546 insertions, 62 deletions

diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/case.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/case.jvm.lux
index 1f351325e..88b3dd5d3 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/case.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/case.jvm.lux
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
   (lux (control [monad #+ do])
        [macro "lux/" Monad<Lux>])
   (luxc (lang ["ls" synthesis])
-        (generator (host ["$" jvm]
+        (generator [expr]
+                   (host ["$" jvm]
                          (jvm ["$t" type]
-                              ["$i" inst]))
-                   [expr]))
+                              ["$i" inst]))))
   [../runtime])
 
 (def: $Object $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.Object" (list)))
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 (def: peekI
   $;Inst
   (|>. $i;DUP
-       ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+       ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                         "pm_peek"
                         ($t;method (list ../runtime;$Stack)
                                    (#;Some $Object)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 (def: popI
   $;Inst
-  (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+  (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                         "pm_pop"
                         ($t;method (list ../runtime;$Stack)
                                    (#;Some ../runtime;$Stack)
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 (def: pushI
   $;Inst
-  (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+  (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                         "pm_push"
                         ($t;method (list ../runtime;$Stack $Object)
                                    (#;Some ../runtime;$Stack)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
               (|>. peekI
                    ($i;CHECKCAST ($t;descriptor ../runtime;$Tuple))
                    ($i;int (nat-to-int idx))
-                   ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+                   ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                                     (if tail? "pm_right" "pm_left")
                                     ($t;method (list ../runtime;$Tuple $t;int)
                                                (#;Some $Object)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
                      ($i;CHECKCAST ($t;descriptor ../runtime;$Variant))
                      ($i;int (nat-to-int idx))
                      flagI
-                     ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name "pm_variant"
+                     ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class "pm_variant"
                                       ($t;method (list ../runtime;$Variant ../runtime;$Tag ../runtime;$Flag)
                                                  (#;Some ../runtime;$Datum)
                                                  (list))
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     (wrap (|>. pathI
                ($i;label @else)
                $i;POP
-               ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+               ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                                 "pm_fail"
                                 ($t;method (list) #;None (list))
                                 false)
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/common.jvm.lux
index 095f41945..1f04f5798 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/common.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/common.jvm.lux
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 (;module:
-  lux
-  (lux [io]
+  [lux #- function]
+  (lux (control ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       [io]
        (concurrency ["A" atom])
        (data ["R" result]
-             (coll ["d" dict])
-             text/format)
+             (coll ["d" dict]))
        [host])
   (luxc (generator (host ["$" jvm]
                          (jvm ["$t" type]
                               ["$d" def]
                               ["$i" inst])))))
 
-## [Host]
 (host;import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes
   (#static V1_6 int))
 
@@ -22,33 +21,69 @@
 (host;import java.lang.ClassLoader
   (loadClass [String] (Class Object)))
 
-## [Types]
 (type: #export Bytecode host;Byte-Array)
 
 (type: #export Class-Store (A;Atom (d;Dict Text Bytecode)))
 
 (type: #export Host
   {#loader ClassLoader
-   #store Class-Store})
+   #store Class-Store
+   #function-class (Maybe Text)})
+
+(exception: Unknown-Class)
+(exception: Class-Already-Stored)
+(exception: No-Function-Being-Compiled)
 
 (def: #export (store-class name byte-code)
   (-> Text Bytecode (Lux Unit))
-  (function [compiler]
+  (;function [compiler]
     (let [store (|> (get@ #;host compiler)
                     (:! Host)
                     (get@ #store))]
       (if (d;contains? name (|> store A;get io;run))
-        (#R;Error (format "Cannot store class that already exists: " name))
+        (ex;throw Class-Already-Stored name)
         (#R;Success [compiler (io;run (A;update (d;put name byte-code) store))])
         ))))
 
 (def: #export (load-class name)
   (-> Text (Lux (Class Object)))
-  (function [compiler]
+  (;function [compiler]
     (let [host (:! Host (get@ #;host compiler))
           store (|> host (get@ #store) A;get io;run)]
       (if (d;contains? name store)
         (#R;Success [compiler (ClassLoader.loadClass [name] (get@ #loader host))])
-        (#R;Error (format "Unknown class: " name))))))
+        (ex;throw Unknown-Class name)))))
+
+(def: #export (with-function class expr)
+  (All [a] (-> Text (Lux a) (Lux a)))
+  (;function [compiler]
+    (let [host (:! Host (get@ #;host compiler))
+          old-function-class (get@ #function-class host)]
+      (case (expr (set@ #;host
+                        (:! Void (set@ #function-class
+                                       (#;Some class)
+                                       host))
+                        compiler))
+        (#R;Success [compiler' output])
+        (#R;Success [(update@ #;host
+                              (|>. (:! Host)
+                                   (set@ #function-class old-function-class)
+                                   (:! Void))
+                              compiler')
+                     output])
+
+        (#R;Error error)
+        (#R;Error error)))))
+
+(def: #export function
+  (Lux Text)
+  (;function [compiler]
+    (let [host (:! Host (get@ #;host compiler))]
+      (case (get@ #function-class host)
+        #;None
+        (ex;throw No-Function-Being-Compiled "")
+        
+        (#;Some function-class)
+        (#R;Success [compiler function-class])))))
 
 (def: #export bytecode-version Int Opcodes.V1_6)
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/eval.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/eval.jvm.lux
index e6650953f..818c03b66 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/eval.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/eval.jvm.lux
@@ -71,10 +71,9 @@
                                             (host;null)
                                             "java/lang/Object"
                                             (host;null)]))
-                      ($d;field #$;Public {#$;staticF true #$;finalF true #$;transientF false #$;volatileF false}
+                      ($d;field #$;Public $;staticF
                                 eval-field $Object)
-                      ($d;method #$;Public
-                                 {#$;staticM true #$;finalM false #$;synchronizedM false}
+                      ($d;method #$;Public ($_ $;++M $;staticM $;strictM)
                                  "<clinit>"
                                  ($t;method (list) #;None (list))
                                  (|>. valueI
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/expr.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/expr.jvm.lux
index 0bdebe555..6b6c68fde 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/expr.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/expr.jvm.lux
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 (;module:
   lux
   (lux (control monad)
+       (data text/format)
        [macro #+ Monad<Lux> "Lux/" Monad<Lux>])
   (luxc ["&" base]
         (lang ["ls" synthesis])
         ["&;" analyser]
         ["&;" synthesizer]
+        (synthesizer [";S" function])
         (generator ["&;" common]
                    ["&;" primitive]
                    ["&;" structure]
                    ["&;" eval]
                    ["&;" procedure]
+                   ["&;" function]
+                   ["&;" reference]
                    (host ["$" jvm]))))
 
 (def: #export (generate synthesis)
@@ -35,6 +39,17 @@
     (#ls;Tuple members)
     (&structure;generate-tuple generate members)
 
+    (#ls;Variable var)
+    (if (functionS;captured? var)
+      (&reference;generate-captured var)
+      (&reference;generate-variable var))
+
+    (#ls;Function arity env body)
+    (&function;generate-function generate env arity body)
+
+    (#ls;Call args function)
+    (&function;generate-call generate function args)
+
     (#ls;Procedure name args)
     (&procedure;generate-procedure generate name args)
 
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/function.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/function.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..135daf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/function.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+(;module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data text/format
+             (coll [list "L/" Functor<List> Monoid<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc ["&" base]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis])
+        ["&;" analyser]
+        ["&;" synthesizer]
+        (synthesizer [function])
+        (generator ["&;" common]
+                   ["&;" runtime]
+                   (host ["$" jvm]
+                         (jvm ["$t" type]
+                              ["$d" def]
+                              ["$i" inst])))))
+
+
+(def: arity-field Text "arity")
+(def: $Object $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.Object" (list)))
+
+(do-template [<name> <prefix>]
+  [(def: #export (<name> idx)
+     (-> Nat Text)
+     (|> idx nat-to-int %i (format <prefix>)))]
+
+  [captured "c"]
+  [partial  "p"]
+  )
+
+(def: (poly-arg? arity)
+  (-> ls;Arity Bool)
+  (n.> +1 arity))
+
+(def: (reset-method class)
+  (-> Text $;Method)
+  ($t;method (list) (#;Some ($t;class class (list))) (list)))
+
+(def: (captured-args env)
+  (-> (List ls;Variable) (List $;Type))
+  (list;repeat (list;size env) $Object))
+
+(def: (init-method env arity)
+  (-> (List ls;Variable) ls;Arity $;Method)
+  (if (poly-arg? arity)
+    ($t;method (list;concat (list (captured-args env)
+                                  (list $t;int)
+                                  (list;repeat (n.dec arity) $Object)))
+               #;None
+               (list))
+    ($t;method (captured-args env) #;None (list))))
+
+(def: (implementation-method arity)
+  ($t;method (list;repeat arity $Object) (#;Some $Object) (list)))
+
+(def: get-amount-of-partialsI
+  $;Inst
+  (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+       ($i;GETFIELD &runtime;function-class &runtime;partials-field $t;int)))
+
+(def: (load-fieldI class field)
+  (-> Text Text $;Inst)
+  (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+       ($i;GETFIELD class field $Object)))
+
+(def: (inputsI start amount)
+  (-> $;Register Nat $;Inst)
+  (|> (list;n.range start (n.+ start (n.dec amount)))
+      (L/map $i;ALOAD)
+      $i;fuse))
+
+(def: (applysI start amount)
+  (-> $;Register Nat $;Inst)
+  (let [max-args (n.min amount &runtime;num-apply-variants)
+        later-applysI (if (n.> &runtime;num-apply-variants amount)
+                        (applysI (n.+ &runtime;num-apply-variants start) (n.- &runtime;num-apply-variants amount))
+                        id)]
+    (|>. ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-class)
+         (inputsI start max-args)
+         ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL &runtime;function-class &runtime;apply-method (&runtime;apply-signature max-args) false)
+         later-applysI)))
+
+(def: (inc-intI by)
+  (-> Nat $;Inst)
+  (|>. ($i;int (nat-to-int by))
+       $i;IADD))
+
+(def: (nullsI amount)
+  (-> Nat $;Inst)
+  (|> $i;NULL
+      (list;repeat amount)
+      $i;fuse))
+
+(def: (with-captured env)
+  (-> (List ls;Variable) $;Def)
+  (|> (list;enumerate env)
+      (L/map (function [[env-idx env-source]]
+               ($d;field #$;Private $;finalF (captured env-idx) $Object)))
+      $d;fuse))
+
+(def: (with-partial arity)
+  (-> ls;Arity $;Def)
+  (if (poly-arg? arity)
+    (|> (list;n.range +0 (n.- +2 arity))
+        (L/map (function [idx]
+                 ($d;field #$;Private $;finalF (partial idx) $Object)))
+        $d;fuse)
+    id))
+
+(def: (instance class arity env)
+  (-> Text ls;Arity (List ls;Variable) $;Inst)
+  (let [captureI (|> env
+                     (L/map (function [source]
+                              (if (function;captured? source)
+                                ($i;GETFIELD class (captured (function;captured-idx source)) $Object)
+                                ($i;ALOAD (int-to-nat source)))))
+                     $i;fuse)
+        argsI (if (poly-arg? arity)
+                (|> (nullsI (n.dec arity))
+                    (list ($i;int 0))
+                    $i;fuse)
+                id)]
+    (|>. ($i;NEW class)
+         $i;DUP
+         captureI
+         argsI
+         ($i;INVOKESPECIAL class "<init>" (init-method env arity) false))))
+
+(def: (with-reset class arity env)
+  (-> Text ls;Arity (List ls;Variable) $;Def)
+  ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM "reset" (reset-method class)
+             (if (poly-arg? arity)
+               (let [env-size (list;size env)
+                     captureI (|> (case env-size
+                                    +0 (list)
+                                    _ (list;n.range +0 (n.dec env-size)))
+                                  (L/map (function [source]
+                                           (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                                ($i;GETFIELD class (captured source) $Object))))
+                                  $i;fuse)
+                     argsI (|> (nullsI (n.dec arity))
+                               (list ($i;int 0))
+                               $i;fuse)]
+                 (|>. ($i;NEW class)
+                      $i;DUP
+                      captureI
+                      argsI
+                      ($i;INVOKESPECIAL class "<init>" (init-method env arity) false)
+                      $i;ARETURN))
+               (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                    $i;ARETURN))))
+
+(def: (with-implementation arity @begin bodyI)
+  (-> Nat $;Label $;Inst $;Def)
+  ($d;method #$;Public $;strictM "impl" (implementation-method arity)
+             (|>. ($i;label @begin)
+                  bodyI
+                  $i;ARETURN)))
+
+(def: function-init-method
+  $;Method
+  ($t;method (list $t;int) #;None (list)))
+
+(def: (function-init arity env-size)
+  (-> ls;Arity Nat $;Inst)
+  (if (n.= +1 arity)
+    (|>. ($i;int 0)
+         ($i;INVOKESPECIAL &runtime;function-class "<init>" function-init-method false))
+    (|>. ($i;ILOAD (n.inc env-size))
+         ($i;INVOKESPECIAL &runtime;function-class "<init>" function-init-method false))))
+
+(def: (with-init class env arity)
+  (-> Text (List ls;Variable) ls;Arity $;Def)
+  (let [env-size (list;size env)
+        offset-partial (: (-> Nat Nat)
+                          (|>. n.inc (n.+ env-size)))
+        store-capturedI (|> (case env-size
+                              +0 (list)
+                              _ (list;n.range +0 (n.dec env-size)))
+                            (L/map (function [register]
+                                     (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                          ($i;ALOAD (n.inc register))
+                                          ($i;PUTFIELD class (captured register) $Object))))
+                            $i;fuse)
+        store-partialI (if (poly-arg? arity)
+                         (|> (list;n.range +0 (n.- +2 arity))
+                             (L/map (function [idx]
+                                      (let [register (offset-partial idx)]
+                                        (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                             ($i;ALOAD (n.inc register))
+                                             ($i;PUTFIELD class (partial idx) $Object)))))
+                             $i;fuse)
+                         id)]
+    ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM "<init>" (init-method env arity)
+               (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                    (function-init arity env-size)
+                    store-capturedI
+                    store-partialI
+                    $i;RETURN))))
+
+(def: (when test f)
+  (All [a] (-> Bool (-> a a) (-> a a)))
+  (function [value]
+    (if test
+      (f value)
+      value)))
+
+(def: (with-apply class env function-arity @begin bodyI apply-arity)
+  (-> Text (List ls;Variable) ls;Arity $;Label $;Inst ls;Arity
+      $;Def)
+  (let [num-partials (n.dec function-arity)
+        @default ($;new-label [])
+        @labels (L/map $;new-label (list;repeat num-partials []))
+        arity-over-extent (|> (nat-to-int function-arity) (i.- (nat-to-int apply-arity)))
+        casesI (|> (L/append @labels (list @default))
+                   (list;zip2 (list;n.range +0 num-partials))
+                   (L/map (function [[stage @label]]
+                            (let [load-partialsI (if (n.> +0 stage)
+                                                   (|> (list;n.range +0 (n.dec stage))
+                                                       (L/map (|>. partial (load-fieldI class)))
+                                                       $i;fuse)
+                                                   id)]
+                              (cond (i.= arity-over-extent (nat-to-int stage))
+                                    (|>. ($i;label @label)
+                                         ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                         (when (n.> +0 stage)
+                                               ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL class "reset" (reset-method class) false))
+                                         load-partialsI
+                                         (inputsI +1 apply-arity)
+                                         ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL class "impl" (implementation-method function-arity) false)
+                                         $i;ARETURN)
+
+                                    (i.> arity-over-extent (nat-to-int stage))
+                                    (let [args-to-completion (|> function-arity (n.- stage))
+                                          args-left (|> apply-arity (n.- args-to-completion))]
+                                      (|>. ($i;label @label)
+                                           ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                           ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL class "reset" (reset-method class) false)
+                                           load-partialsI
+                                           (inputsI +1 args-to-completion)
+                                           ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL class "impl" (implementation-method function-arity) false)
+                                           (applysI (n.inc args-to-completion) args-left)
+                                           $i;ARETURN))
+
+                                    ## (i.< arity-over-extent (nat-to-int stage))
+                                    (let [env-size (list;size env)
+                                          load-capturedI (|> (case env-size
+                                                               +0 (list)
+                                                               _ (list;n.range +0 (n.dec env-size)))
+                                                             (L/map (|>. captured (load-fieldI class)))
+                                                             $i;fuse)]
+                                      (|>. ($i;label @label)
+                                           ($i;NEW class)
+                                           $i;DUP
+                                           load-capturedI
+                                           get-amount-of-partialsI
+                                           (inc-intI apply-arity)
+                                           load-partialsI
+                                           (inputsI +1 apply-arity)
+                                           (nullsI (|> num-partials (n.- apply-arity) (n.- stage)))
+                                           ($i;INVOKESPECIAL class "<init>" (init-method env function-arity) false)
+                                           $i;ARETURN))
+                                    ))))
+                   $i;fuse)]
+    ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM &runtime;apply-method (&runtime;apply-signature apply-arity)
+               (|>. get-amount-of-partialsI
+                    ($i;TABLESWITCH 0 (|> num-partials n.dec nat-to-int)
+                                    @default @labels)
+                    casesI
+                    ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "apply_fail" ($t;method (list) #;None (list)) false)
+                    $i;NULL
+                    $i;ARETURN
+                    ))))
+
+(def: #export (with-function generate class env arity body)
+  (-> (-> ls;Synthesis (Lux $;Inst))
+      Text (List ls;Variable) ls;Arity ls;Synthesis
+      (Lux [$;Def $;Inst]))
+  (do macro;Monad<Lux>
+    [@begin $i;make-label
+     bodyI (&common;with-function class (generate body))
+     #let [env-size (list;size env)
+           applyD (: $;Def
+                     (if (poly-arg? arity)
+                       (|> (n.min arity &runtime;num-apply-variants)
+                           (list;n.range +1)
+                           (L/map (with-apply class env arity @begin bodyI))
+                           (list& (with-implementation arity @begin bodyI))
+                           $d;fuse)
+                       ($d;method #$;Public $;strictM &runtime;apply-method (&runtime;apply-signature +1)
+                                  (|>. ($i;label @begin)
+                                       bodyI
+                                       $i;ARETURN))))
+           functionD (: $;Def
+                        (|>. ($d;int-field #$;Public ($_ $;++F $;staticF $;finalF) arity-field (nat-to-int arity))
+                             (with-captured env)
+                             (with-partial arity)
+                             (with-init class env arity)
+                             (with-reset class arity env)
+                             applyD))
+           instanceI (instance class arity env)]]
+    (wrap [functionD instanceI])))
+
+(def: #export (generate-function generate env arity body)
+  (-> (-> ls;Synthesis (Lux $;Inst))
+      (List ls;Variable) ls;Arity ls;Synthesis
+      (Lux $;Inst))
+  (do macro;Monad<Lux>
+    [function-class (:: @ map %code (macro;gensym "function"))
+     [functionD instanceI] (with-function generate function-class env arity body)
+     _ (&common;store-class function-class
+                            ($d;class #$;V1.6 #$;Public $;finalC
+                                      function-class (list)
+                                      ($;simple-class &runtime;function-class) (list)
+                                      functionD))]
+    (wrap instanceI)))
+
+(def: (segment size elems)
+  (All [a] (-> Nat (List a) (List (List a))))
+  (let [[pre post] (list;split size elems)]
+    (if (list;empty? post)
+      (list pre)
+      (list& pre (segment size post)))))
+
+(def: #export (generate-call generate functionS argsS)
+  (-> (-> ls;Synthesis (Lux $;Inst))
+      ls;Synthesis (List ls;Synthesis)
+      (Lux $;Inst))
+  (do macro;Monad<Lux>
+    [functionI (generate functionS)
+     argsI (monad;map @ generate argsS)
+     #let [applyI (|> (segment &runtime;num-apply-variants argsI)
+                      (L/map (function [chunkI+]
+                               (|>. ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-class)
+                                    ($i;fuse chunkI+)
+                                    ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL &runtime;function-class &runtime;apply-method (&runtime;apply-signature (list;size chunkI+)) false))))
+                      $i;fuse)]]
+    (wrap (|>. functionI
+               applyI))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm.lux
index 4b4b1d38e..149fbf123 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm.lux
@@ -117,10 +117,14 @@
 
 ## Configs
 (config: Class-Config  noneC ++C [finalC])
-(config: Method-Config noneM ++M [staticM finalM synchronizedM])
-(config: Field-Config  noneF ++F [staticF finalF transientF volatileF])
+(config: Method-Config noneM ++M [finalM staticM synchronizedM strictM])
+(config: Field-Config  noneF ++F [finalF staticF transientF volatileF])
 
 ## Labels
 (def: #export new-label
   (-> Unit Label)
   org.objectweb.asm.Label.new)
+
+(def: #export (simple-class name)
+  (-> Text Class)
+  [name (list)])
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/def.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/def.lux
index bb1d2cd94..18cd4f945 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/def.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/def.lux
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 
 (host;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter
   (#static COMPUTE_MAXS int)
+  (#static COMPUTE_FRAMES int)
   (new [int])
   (visit [int int String String String (Array String)] void)
   (visitEnd [] void)
@@ -100,10 +101,10 @@
 (def: (method-flags config)
   (-> $;Method-Config Int)
   ($_ i.+
-      Opcodes.ACC_STRICT
       (if (get@ #$;staticM config) Opcodes.ACC_STATIC 0)
       (if (get@ #$;finalM config) Opcodes.ACC_FINAL 0)
-      (if (get@ #$;synchronizedM config) Opcodes.ACC_SYNCHRONIZED 0)))
+      (if (get@ #$;synchronizedM config) Opcodes.ACC_SYNCHRONIZED 0)
+      (if (get@ #$;strictM config) Opcodes.ACC_STRICT 0)))
 
 (def: (field-flags config)
   (-> $;Field-Config Int)
@@ -145,12 +146,18 @@
                 (L/map (|>. class-to-type $t;signature))
                 (text;join-with "")))))
 
+(def: class-computes
+  Int
+  ($_ i.+
+      ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS
+      ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES))
+
 (do-template [<name> <flag>]
   [(def: #export (<name> version visibility config name parameters super interfaces
                          definitions)
      (-> $;Version $;Visibility $;Class-Config Text (List $;Parameter) $;Class (List $;Class) $;Def
          host;Byte-Array)
-     (let [writer (|> (do-to (ClassWriter.new ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS)
+     (let [writer (|> (do-to (ClassWriter.new class-computes)
                         (ClassWriter.visit [(version-flag version)
                                             ($_ i.+
                                                 Opcodes.ACC_SUPER
@@ -177,7 +184,7 @@
                          definitions)
   (-> $;Version $;Visibility $;Class-Config Text (List $;Parameter) (List $;Class) $;Def
       host;Byte-Array)
-  (let [writer (|> (do-to (ClassWriter.new ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS)
+  (let [writer (|> (do-to (ClassWriter.new class-computes)
                      (ClassWriter.visit [(version-flag version)
                                          ($_ i.+
                                              Opcodes.ACC_SUPER
@@ -277,4 +284,4 @@
     singleton
 
     (#;Cons head tail)
-    (. head (fuse tail))))
+    (. (fuse tail) head)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/inst.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/inst.lux
index 0f947925c..02027294a 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/inst.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/host/jvm/inst.lux
@@ -353,4 +353,4 @@
     singleton
 
     (#;Cons head tail)
-    (. head (fuse tail))))
+    (. (fuse tail) head)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/procedure/common.jvm.lux
index d04a91141..9f8afdbb2 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/procedure/common.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 (def: $Object-Array $;Type ($t;array +1 $Object))
 (def: $String $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.String" (list)))
 (def: $CharSequence $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.CharSequence" (list)))
-(def: $Function $;Type ($t;class &runtime;function-name (list)))
+(def: $Function $;Type ($t;class &runtime;function-class (list)))
 
 (def: (install name unnamed)
   (-> Text (-> Text Proc)
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@
 (def: (lux//try riskyI)
   Unary
   (|>. riskyI
-       ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-name)
-       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "try" try-method false)))
+       ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-class)
+       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "try" try-method false)))
 
 ## [[Bits]]
 (do-template [<name> <op>]
@@ -256,9 +256,9 @@
   [nat//sub        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LSUB]
   [nat//mul        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LMUL]
   [nat//div        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "div_nat" nat-method false)]
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "div_nat" nat-method false)]
   [nat//rem        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "rem_nat" nat-method false)]
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "rem_nat" nat-method false)]
 
   [frac//add       ($i;unwrap #$;Double) ($i;wrap #$;Double) $i;DADD]
   [frac//sub       ($i;unwrap #$;Double) ($i;wrap #$;Double) $i;DSUB]
@@ -269,9 +269,9 @@
   [deg//add        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LADD]
   [deg//sub        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LSUB]
   [deg//mul        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "mul_deg" deg-method false)]
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "mul_deg" deg-method false)]
   [deg//div        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "div_deg" deg-method false)]
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "div_deg" deg-method false)]
   [deg//rem        ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LSUB]
   [deg//scale      ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LMUL]
   [deg//reciprocal ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;wrap #$;Long)   $i;LDIV]
@@ -289,10 +289,10 @@
      [<eq>  0]
      [<lt> -1])]
 
-  [nat//eq  nat//lt  ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false)]
+  [nat//eq  nat//lt  ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false)]
   [int//eq  int//lt  ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   $i;LCMP]
   [frac//eq frac//lt ($i;unwrap #$;Double) $i;DCMPG]
-  [deg//eq  deg//lt  ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false)]
+  [deg//eq  deg//lt  ($i;unwrap #$;Long)   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false)]
   )
 
 (do-template [<name> <prepare> <transform>]
@@ -310,15 +310,15 @@
 
   [frac//to-int ($i;unwrap #$;Double) (<| ($i;wrap #$;Long) $i;D2L)]
   [frac//to-deg ($i;unwrap #$;Double)
-   (<| ($i;wrap #$;Long) ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "frac_to_deg"
+   (<| ($i;wrap #$;Long) ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "frac_to_deg"
                                           ($t;method (list $t;double) (#;Some $t;long) (list)) false))]
   [frac//encode ($i;unwrap #$;Double)
    ($i;INVOKESTATIC "java.lang.Double" "toString" ($t;method (list $t;double) (#;Some $String) (list)) false)]
   [frac//decode ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String")
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "decode_frac" ($t;method (list $String) (#;Some $Object-Array) (list)) false)]
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "decode_frac" ($t;method (list $String) (#;Some $Object-Array) (list)) false)]
 
   [deg//to-frac ($i;unwrap #$;Long)
-   (<| ($i;wrap #$;Double) ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "deg_to_frac"
+   (<| ($i;wrap #$;Double) ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "deg_to_frac"
                                             ($t;method (list $t;long) (#;Some $t;double) (list)) false))]
   )
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@
    ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL "java.lang.String" "contains" ($t;method (list $CharSequence) (#;Some $t;boolean) (list)) false)
    ($i;wrap #$;Boolean)]
   [text//char ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String") jvm-intI
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "text_char" ($t;method (list $String $t;int) (#;Some $t;int) (list)) false)
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "text_char" ($t;method (list $String $t;int) (#;Some $t;int) (list)) false)
    lux-intI]
   )
 
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
           <op>))]
 
   [text//clip ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String") jvm-intI jvm-intI
-   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "text_clip"
+   ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "text_clip"
                     ($t;method (list $String $t;int $t;int) (#;Some $Object-Array) (list)) false)]
   [text//replace ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String") ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String") ($i;CHECKCAST "java.lang.String")
    ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL "java.lang.String" "replace" ($t;method (list $CharSequence $CharSequence) (#;Some $String) (list)) false)]
@@ -508,20 +508,20 @@
 ## [[Processes]]
 (def: (process//concurrency-level [])
   Nullary
-  (|>. ($i;GETSTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "concurrency_level" $t;int)
+  (|>. ($i;GETSTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "concurrency_level" $t;int)
        lux-intI))
 
 (def: (process//future procedureI)
   Unary
-  (|>. procedureI ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-name)
-       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "future"
+  (|>. procedureI ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-class)
+       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "future"
                         ($t;method (list $Function) (#;Some $Object) (list)) false)))
 
 (def: (process//schedule [millisecondsI procedureI])
   Binary
   (|>. millisecondsI ($i;unwrap #$;Long)
-       procedureI ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-name)
-       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-name "schedule"
+       procedureI ($i;CHECKCAST &runtime;function-class)
+       ($i;INVOKESTATIC &runtime;runtime-class "schedule"
                         ($t;method (list $t;long $Function) (#;Some $Object) (list)) false)))
 
 ## [Bundles]
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/reference.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/reference.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28c936036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/reference.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+(;module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data text/format)
+       [macro "lux/" Monad<Lux>])
+  (luxc (lang ["ls" synthesis])
+        (generator [";G" common]
+                   [";G" function]
+                   (host ["$" jvm]
+                         (jvm ["$t" type]
+                              ["$i" inst])))))
+
+(def: $Object $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.Object" (list)))
+
+(def: #export (generate-captured variable)
+  (-> ls;Variable (Lux $;Inst))
+  (do macro;Monad<Lux>
+    [function-class commonG;function]
+    (wrap (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+               ($i;GETFIELD function-class
+                            (|> variable i.inc (i.* -1) int-to-nat functionG;captured)
+                            $Object)))))
+
+(def: #export (generate-variable variable)
+  (-> ls;Variable (Lux $;Inst))
+  (lux/wrap ($i;ALOAD (int-to-nat variable))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/runtime.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/runtime.jvm.lux
index 68e18deaa..69f90cea0 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/runtime.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/runtime.jvm.lux
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
   lux
   (lux (control monad)
        (data ["R" result]
-             text/format)
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "L/" Functor<List>]))
        [math]
        [macro #+ Monad<Lux> "Lux/" Monad<Lux>]
        [host #+ do-to])
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@
   (visitEnd [] void)
   (toByteArray [] Byte-Array))
 
-(def: #export runtime-name Text "LuxRuntime")
-(def: #export function-name Text "LuxFunction")
+(def: #export runtime-class Text "LuxRuntime")
+(def: #export function-class Text "LuxFunction")
 (def: #export unit Text "\u0000")
 
 (def: $Object $;Type ($t;class "java.lang.Object" (list)))
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@
 (def: #export $Flag $;Type $Object)
 (def: #export $Datum $;Type $Object)
 
-(def: logI
+(def: #export logI
   $;Inst
   (let [outI ($i;GETSTATIC "java.lang.System" "out" ($t;class "java.io.PrintStream" (list)))
         printI (function [method] ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL "java.io.PrintStream" method ($t;method (list $Object) #;None (list)) false))]
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@
 
 (def: variant-makeI
   $;Inst
-  ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-name "variant_make" variant-method false))
+  ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-class "variant_make" variant-method false))
 
 (def: #export someI
   $;Inst
@@ -102,11 +103,11 @@
 (def: nat-methods
   $;Def
   (let [compare-nat-method ($t;method (list $t;long $t;long) (#;Some $t;int) (list))
-        less-thanI (function [@where] (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-name "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false) ($i;IFLT @where)))
+        less-thanI (function [@where] (|>. ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-class "compare_nat" compare-nat-method false) ($i;IFLT @where)))
         $BigInteger ($t;class "java.math.BigInteger" (list))
         upcast-method ($t;method (list $t;long) (#;Some $BigInteger) (list))
         div-method ($t;method (list $t;long $t;long) (#;Some $t;long) (list))
-        upcastI ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-name "_toUnsignedBigInteger" upcast-method false)
+        upcastI ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-class "_toUnsignedBigInteger" upcast-method false)
         downcastI ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL "java.math.BigInteger" "longValue" ($t;method (list) (#;Some $t;long) (list)) false)]
     ## http://grepcode.com/file/repository.grepcode.com/java/root/jdk/openjdk/8u40-b25/java/lang/Long.java#215
     (|>. ($d;method #$;Public $;staticM "_toUnsignedBigInteger" upcast-method
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@
                         (let [subjectI ($i;LLOAD +0)
                               paramI ($i;LLOAD +2)
                               equal?I (function [@where] (|>. $i;LCMP ($i;IFEQ @where)))
-                              count-leading-zerosI ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-name "count_leading_zeros" clz-method false)
+                              count-leading-zerosI ($i;INVOKESTATIC runtime-class "count_leading_zeros" clz-method false)
                               calc-max-shiftI (|>. subjectI count-leading-zerosI
                                                    paramI count-leading-zerosI
                                                    ($i;INVOKESTATIC "java.lang.Math" "min" ($t;method (list $t;int $t;int) (#;Some $t;int) (list)) false)
@@ -323,6 +324,12 @@
                          ($i;string "Invalid expression for pattern-matching.")
                          ($i;INVOKESPECIAL "java.lang.IllegalStateException" "<init>" ($t;method (list $String) #;None (list)) false)
                          $i;ATHROW))
+         ($d;method #$;Public $;staticM "apply_fail" ($t;method (list) #;None (list))
+                    (|>. ($i;NEW "java.lang.IllegalStateException")
+                         $i;DUP
+                         ($i;string "Error while applying function.")
+                         ($i;INVOKESPECIAL "java.lang.IllegalStateException" "<init>" ($t;method (list $String) #;None (list)) false)
+                         $i;ATHROW))
          ($d;method #$;Public $;staticM "pm_push" ($t;method (list $Stack $Object) (#;Some $Stack) (list))
                     (|>. ($i;int 2)
                          ($i;ANEWARRAY "java.lang.Object")
@@ -439,15 +446,65 @@
                              $i;ARETURN)))
          )))
 
-(def: #export generate
+(def: generate-runtime
   (Lux &common;Bytecode)
   (do Monad<Lux>
     [_ (wrap [])
-     #let [bytecode ($d;class #$;V1.6 #$;Public $;finalC runtime-name (list) ["java.lang.Object" (list)] (list)
+     #let [bytecode ($d;class #$;V1.6 #$;Public $;finalC runtime-class (list) ["java.lang.Object" (list)] (list)
                               (|>. adt-methods
                                    nat-methods
                                    frac-methods
                                    deg-methods
                                    pm-methods))]
-     _ (&common;store-class runtime-name bytecode)]
+     _ (&common;store-class runtime-class bytecode)]
     (wrap bytecode)))
+
+(def: #export partials-field Text "partials")
+(def: #export apply-method Text "apply")
+(def: #export num-apply-variants Nat +8)
+
+(def: #export (apply-signature arity)
+  (-> ls;Arity $;Method)
+  ($t;method (list;repeat arity $Object) (#;Some $Object) (list)))
+
+(def: generate-function
+  (Lux &common;Bytecode)
+  (do Monad<Lux>
+    [_ (wrap [])
+     #let [applyI (|> (list;n.range +2 num-apply-variants)
+                      (L/map (function [arity]
+                               ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM apply-method (apply-signature arity)
+                                          (let [preI (|> (list;n.range +0 (n.dec arity))
+                                                         (L/map $i;ALOAD)
+                                                         $i;fuse)]
+                                            (|>. preI
+                                                 ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL function-class apply-method (apply-signature (n.dec arity)) false)
+                                                 ($i;CHECKCAST function-class)
+                                                 ($i;ALOAD arity)
+                                                 ($i;INVOKEVIRTUAL function-class apply-method (apply-signature +1) false)
+                                                 $i;ARETURN)))))
+                      (list& ($d;abstract-method #$;Public $;noneM apply-method (apply-signature +1))
+                             ## ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM apply-method (apply-signature +1)
+                             ##            (|>. $i;NULL
+                             ##                 $i;ARETURN))
+                             )
+                      $d;fuse)
+           bytecode ($d;abstract #$;V1.6 #$;Public $;noneC function-class (list) ["java.lang.Object" (list)] (list)
+                                 (|>. ($d;field #$;Public $;finalF partials-field $t;int)
+                                      ($d;method #$;Public $;noneM "<init>" ($t;method (list $t;int) #;None (list))
+                                                 (|>. ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                                      ($i;INVOKESPECIAL "java.lang.Object" "<init>" ($t;method (list) #;None (list)) false)
+                                                      ($i;ALOAD +0)
+                                                      ($i;ILOAD +1)
+                                                      ($i;PUTFIELD function-class partials-field $t;int)
+                                                      $i;RETURN))
+                                      applyI))]
+     _ (&common;store-class function-class bytecode)]
+    (wrap bytecode)))
+
+(def: #export generate
+  (Lux Unit)
+  (do Monad<Lux>
+    [_ generate-runtime
+     _ generate-function]
+    (wrap [])))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/structure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/structure.jvm.lux
index 9adff1a55..a89f3083f 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/structure.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/generator/structure.jvm.lux
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     (wrap (|>. ($i;int (nat-to-int tag))
                (flagI tail?)
                memberI
-               ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-name
+               ($i;INVOKESTATIC ../runtime;runtime-class
                                 "variant_make"
                                 ($t;method (list $t;int $Object $Object)
                                            (#;Some ($t;array +1 $Object))