11 files changed, 92 insertions, 106 deletions

diff --git a/dhall/src/core/context.rs b/dhall/src/core/context.rs
index 8d14415..9230a2e 100644
--- a/dhall/src/core/context.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/core/context.rs
@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@ use crate::error::TypeError;
 use crate::phase::{Type, Typed};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum CtxItem<T> {
+enum CtxItem<T> {
     Kept(AlphaVar, T),
     Replaced(Thunk, T),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Context<T>(Rc<Vec<(Label, CtxItem<T>)>>);
+struct Context<T>(Rc<Vec<(Label, CtxItem<T>)>>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct NormalizationContext(Context<()>);
+pub(crate) struct NormalizationContext(Context<()>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct TypecheckContext(Context<Type>);
+pub(crate) struct TypecheckContext(Context<Type>);
 
 impl<T> Context<T> {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
diff --git a/dhall/src/core/thunk.rs b/dhall/src/core/thunk.rs
index 14d8792..54a5442 100644
--- a/dhall/src/core/thunk.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/core/thunk.rs
@@ -115,21 +115,21 @@ impl ThunkInternal {
 }
 
 impl Thunk {
-    pub fn new(ctx: NormalizationContext, e: InputSubExpr) -> Thunk {
+    pub(crate) fn new(ctx: NormalizationContext, e: InputSubExpr) -> Thunk {
         ThunkInternal::Unnormalized(ctx, e).into_thunk()
     }
 
-    pub fn from_value(v: Value) -> Thunk {
+    pub(crate) fn from_value(v: Value) -> Thunk {
         ThunkInternal::Value(WHNF, v).into_thunk()
     }
 
-    pub fn from_partial_expr(e: ExprF<Thunk, Normalized>) -> Thunk {
+    pub(crate) fn from_partial_expr(e: ExprF<Thunk, Normalized>) -> Thunk {
         ThunkInternal::PartialExpr(e).into_thunk()
     }
 
     // Normalizes contents to normal form; faster than `normalize_nf` if
     // no one else shares this thunk
-    pub fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
         match Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0) {
             // Mutate directly if sole owner
             Some(refcell) => RefCell::get_mut(refcell).normalize_nf(),
@@ -167,37 +167,37 @@ impl Thunk {
 
     // WARNING: avoid normalizing any thunk while holding on to this ref
     // or you could run into BorrowMut panics
-    pub fn normalize_nf(&self) -> Ref<Value> {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_nf(&self) -> Ref<Value> {
         self.do_normalize_nf();
         Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), ThunkInternal::as_nf)
     }
 
     // WARNING: avoid normalizing any thunk while holding on to this ref
     // or you could run into BorrowMut panics
-    pub fn as_value(&self) -> Ref<Value> {
+    pub(crate) fn as_value(&self) -> Ref<Value> {
         self.do_normalize_whnf();
         Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), ThunkInternal::as_whnf)
     }
 
-    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
         self.as_value().clone()
     }
 
-    pub fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
         self.normalize_nf().normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(alpha)
     }
 
-    pub fn app_val(&self, val: Value) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn app_val(&self, val: Value) -> Value {
         self.app_thunk(val.into_thunk())
     }
 
-    pub fn app_thunk(&self, th: Thunk) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn app_thunk(&self, th: Thunk) -> Value {
         apply_any(self.clone(), th)
     }
 }
 
 impl TypedThunk {
-    pub fn from_value(v: Value) -> TypedThunk {
+    pub(crate) fn from_value(v: Value) -> TypedThunk {
         TypedThunk::from_thunk(Thunk::from_value(v))
     }
 
@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@ impl TypedThunk {
         TypedThunk::from_thunk_untyped(th)
     }
 
-    pub fn from_type(t: Type) -> TypedThunk {
+    pub(crate) fn from_type(t: Type) -> TypedThunk {
         t.into_typethunk()
     }
 
-    pub fn normalize_nf(&self) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_nf(&self) -> Value {
         match self {
             TypedThunk::Const(c) => Value::Const(*c),
             TypedThunk::Untyped(thunk) | TypedThunk::Typed(thunk, _) => {
@@ -218,53 +218,53 @@ impl TypedThunk {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_typed(&self) -> Typed {
+    pub(crate) fn to_typed(&self) -> Typed {
         self.clone().into_typed()
     }
 
-    pub fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
         self.normalize_nf().normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(alpha)
     }
 
-    pub fn from_thunk_and_type(th: Thunk, t: Type) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_thunk_and_type(th: Thunk, t: Type) -> Self {
         TypedThunk::Typed(th, Box::new(t))
     }
-    pub fn from_thunk_untyped(th: Thunk) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_thunk_untyped(th: Thunk) -> Self {
         TypedThunk::Untyped(th)
     }
-    pub fn from_const(c: Const) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_const(c: Const) -> Self {
         TypedThunk::Const(c)
     }
-    pub fn from_value_untyped(v: Value) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_value_untyped(v: Value) -> Self {
         TypedThunk::from_thunk_untyped(Thunk::from_value(v))
     }
 
     // TODO: Avoid cloning if possible
-    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
         match self {
             TypedThunk::Untyped(th) | TypedThunk::Typed(th, _) => th.to_value(),
             TypedThunk::Const(c) => Value::Const(*c),
         }
     }
-    pub fn to_expr(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn to_expr(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.to_value().normalize_to_expr()
     }
-    pub fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.to_value().normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(true)
     }
-    pub fn to_thunk(&self) -> Thunk {
+    pub(crate) fn to_thunk(&self) -> Thunk {
         match self {
             TypedThunk::Untyped(th) | TypedThunk::Typed(th, _) => th.clone(),
             TypedThunk::Const(c) => Thunk::from_value(Value::Const(*c)),
         }
     }
-    pub fn to_type(&self) -> Type {
+    pub(crate) fn to_type(&self) -> Type {
         self.clone().into_typed().into_type()
     }
-    pub fn into_typed(self) -> Typed {
+    pub(crate) fn into_typed(self) -> Typed {
         Typed::from_typethunk(self)
     }
-    pub fn as_const(&self) -> Option<Const> {
+    pub(crate) fn as_const(&self) -> Option<Const> {
         // TODO: avoid clone
         match &self.to_value() {
             Value::Const(c) => Some(*c),
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl TypedThunk {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
         match self {
             TypedThunk::Untyped(th) | TypedThunk::Typed(th, _) => {
                 th.normalize_mut()
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ impl TypedThunk {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<'_, Type>, TypeError> {
+    pub(crate) fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<'_, Type>, TypeError> {
         match self {
             TypedThunk::Untyped(_) => Err(TypeError::new(
                 &TypecheckContext::new(),
diff --git a/dhall/src/core/value.rs b/dhall/src/core/value.rs
index 19be56a..61a8eea 100644
--- a/dhall/src/core/value.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/core/value.rs
@@ -56,17 +56,17 @@ pub enum Value {
 }
 
 impl Value {
-    pub fn into_thunk(self) -> Thunk {
+    pub(crate) fn into_thunk(self) -> Thunk {
         Thunk::from_value(self)
     }
 
     /// Convert the value to a fully normalized syntactic expression
-    pub fn normalize_to_expr(&self) -> OutputSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_to_expr(&self) -> OutputSubExpr {
         self.normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(false)
     }
     /// Convert the value to a fully normalized syntactic expression. Also alpha-normalize
     /// if alpha is `true`
-    pub fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_to_expr_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> OutputSubExpr {
         match self {
             Value::Lam(x, t, e) => rc(ExprF::Lam(
                 x.to_label_maybe_alpha(alpha),
@@ -179,14 +179,7 @@ impl Value {
         }
     }
 
-    // Deprecated
-    pub fn normalize(&self) -> Value {
-        let mut v = self.clone();
-        v.normalize_mut();
-        v
-    }
-
-    pub fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
         match self {
             Value::Var(_)
             | Value::Const(_)
@@ -264,12 +257,12 @@ impl Value {
     }
 
     /// Apply to a value
-    pub fn app(self, val: Value) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn app(self, val: Value) -> Value {
         self.app_val(val)
     }
 
     /// Apply to a value
-    pub fn app_val(self, val: Value) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn app_val(self, val: Value) -> Value {
         self.app_thunk(val.into_thunk())
     }
 
diff --git a/dhall/src/core/var.rs b/dhall/src/core/var.rs
index d53c194..4ef1b93 100644
--- a/dhall/src/core/var.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/core/var.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub struct AlphaVar {
 #[derive(Clone, Eq)]
 pub struct AlphaLabel(Label);
 
-pub trait Shift: Sized {
+pub(crate) trait Shift: Sized {
     // Shift an expression to move it around binders without changing the meaning of its free
     // variables. Shift by 1 to move an expression under a binder. Shift by -1 to extract an
     // expression from under a binder, if the expression does not refer to that bound variable.
@@ -50,24 +50,24 @@ pub trait Shift: Sized {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait Subst<T> {
+pub(crate) trait Subst<T> {
     fn subst_shift(&self, var: &AlphaVar, val: &T) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl AlphaVar {
-    pub fn to_var(&self, alpha: bool) -> V<Label> {
+    pub(crate) fn to_var(&self, alpha: bool) -> V<Label> {
         match (alpha, &self.alpha) {
             (true, Some(x)) => V("_".into(), x.1),
             _ => self.normal.clone(),
         }
     }
-    pub fn from_var(normal: V<Label>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_var(normal: V<Label>) -> Self {
         AlphaVar {
             normal,
             alpha: None,
         }
     }
-    pub fn from_var_and_alpha(normal: V<Label>, alpha: usize) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_var_and_alpha(normal: V<Label>, alpha: usize) -> Self {
         AlphaVar {
             normal,
             alpha: Some(V((), alpha)),
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ impl AlphaVar {
 }
 
 impl AlphaLabel {
-    pub fn to_label_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> Label {
+    pub(crate) fn to_label_maybe_alpha(&self, alpha: bool) -> Label {
         if alpha {
             "_".into()
         } else {
             self.to_label()
         }
     }
-    pub fn to_label(&self) -> Label {
+    pub(crate) fn to_label(&self) -> Label {
         self.clone().into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/binary.rs b/dhall/src/phase/binary.rs
index 36dd471..3746635 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/binary.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/binary.rs
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ use dhall_syntax::{
 use crate::error::{DecodeError, EncodeError};
 use crate::phase::DecodedSubExpr;
 
-pub fn decode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<DecodedSubExpr, DecodeError> {
+pub(crate) fn decode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<DecodedSubExpr, DecodeError> {
     match serde_cbor::de::from_slice(data) {
         Ok(v) => cbor_value_to_dhall(&v),
         Err(e) => Err(DecodeError::CBORError(e)),
     }
 }
 
-pub fn encode<E>(expr: &SubExpr<E>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
+pub(crate) fn encode<E>(expr: &SubExpr<E>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
     serde_cbor::ser::to_vec(&Serialize::Expr(expr))
         .map_err(|e| EncodeError::CBORError(e))
 }
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/mod.rs b/dhall/src/phase/mod.rs
index 2700e99..778f990 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/mod.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/mod.rs
@@ -50,11 +50,9 @@ impl Parsed {
     pub fn parse_str(s: &str) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
         parse::parse_str(s)
     }
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn parse_binary_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
         parse::parse_binary_file(f)
     }
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn parse_binary(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
         parse::parse_binary(data)
     }
@@ -62,12 +60,10 @@ impl Parsed {
     pub fn resolve(self) -> Result<Resolved, ImportError> {
         resolve::resolve(self)
     }
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn skip_resolve(self) -> Result<Resolved, ImportError> {
         resolve::skip_resolve_expr(self)
     }
 
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn encode(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, EncodeError> {
         crate::phase::binary::encode(&self.0)
     }
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@ impl Resolved {
     }
     /// Pretends this expression has been typechecked. Use with care.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn skip_typecheck(self) -> Typed {
+    pub(crate) fn skip_typecheck(self) -> Typed {
         typecheck::skip_typecheck(self)
     }
 }
@@ -101,29 +97,29 @@ impl Typed {
         Normalized(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn from_thunk_and_type(th: Thunk, t: Type) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_thunk_and_type(th: Thunk, t: Type) -> Self {
         Typed(TypedThunk::from_thunk_and_type(th, t))
     }
-    pub fn from_thunk_untyped(th: Thunk) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_thunk_untyped(th: Thunk) -> Self {
         Typed(TypedThunk::from_thunk_untyped(th))
     }
-    pub fn from_const(c: Const) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_const(c: Const) -> Self {
         Typed(TypedThunk::from_const(c))
     }
     pub fn from_value_untyped(v: Value) -> Self {
         Typed(TypedThunk::from_value_untyped(v))
     }
-    pub fn from_typethunk(th: TypedThunk) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_typethunk(th: TypedThunk) -> Self {
         Typed(th)
     }
 
-    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
         self.0.to_value()
     }
     pub fn to_expr(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.0.to_expr()
     }
-    pub fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.0.to_expr_alpha()
     }
     pub fn to_thunk(&self) -> Thunk {
@@ -134,24 +130,24 @@ impl Typed {
         self.clone()
     }
     // Deprecated
-    pub fn into_type(self) -> Type {
+    pub(crate) fn into_type(self) -> Type {
         self
     }
-    pub fn into_typethunk(self) -> TypedThunk {
+    pub(crate) fn into_typethunk(self) -> TypedThunk {
         self.0
     }
-    pub fn to_normalized(&self) -> Normalized {
+    pub(crate) fn to_normalized(&self) -> Normalized {
         self.clone().normalize()
     }
-    pub fn as_const(&self) -> Option<Const> {
+    pub(crate) fn as_const(&self) -> Option<Const> {
         self.0.as_const()
     }
 
-    pub fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn normalize_mut(&mut self) {
         self.0.normalize_mut()
     }
 
-    pub fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<'_, Type>, TypeError> {
+    pub(crate) fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<'_, Type>, TypeError> {
         self.0.get_type()
     }
 }
@@ -161,22 +157,21 @@ impl Normalized {
         crate::phase::binary::encode(&self.to_expr())
     }
 
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn to_expr(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn to_expr(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.0.to_expr()
     }
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
+    pub(crate) fn to_expr_alpha(&self) -> NormalizedSubExpr {
         self.0.to_expr_alpha()
     }
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn to_type(&self) -> Type {
+    pub(crate) fn to_type(&self) -> Type {
         self.0.to_type()
     }
-    pub fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self) -> Value {
         self.0.to_value()
     }
-    pub fn into_typed(self) -> Typed {
+    pub(crate) fn into_typed(self) -> Typed {
         self.0
     }
 }
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/normalize.rs b/dhall/src/phase/normalize.rs
index 02406f2..fd0197d 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/normalize.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/normalize.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use crate::core::value::Value;
 use crate::core::var::{Shift, Subst};
 use crate::phase::{Normalized, NormalizedSubExpr, ResolvedSubExpr, Typed};
 
-pub type InputSubExpr = ResolvedSubExpr;
-pub type OutputSubExpr = NormalizedSubExpr;
+pub(crate) type InputSubExpr = ResolvedSubExpr;
+pub(crate) type OutputSubExpr = NormalizedSubExpr;
 
 // Ad-hoc macro to help construct closures
 macro_rules! make_closure {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ macro_rules! make_closure {
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
-pub fn apply_builtin(b: Builtin, args: Vec<Thunk>) -> Value {
+pub(crate) fn apply_builtin(b: Builtin, args: Vec<Thunk>) -> Value {
     use dhall_syntax::Builtin::*;
     use Value::*;
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ pub fn apply_builtin(b: Builtin, args: Vec<Thunk>) -> Value {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn apply_any(f: Thunk, a: Thunk) -> Value {
+pub(crate) fn apply_any(f: Thunk, a: Thunk) -> Value {
     let fallback = |f: Thunk, a: Thunk| Value::PartialExpr(ExprF::App(f, a));
 
     let f_borrow = f.as_value();
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ pub fn apply_any(f: Thunk, a: Thunk) -> Value {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn squash_textlit(
+pub(crate) fn squash_textlit(
     elts: impl Iterator<Item = InterpolatedTextContents<Thunk>>,
 ) -> Vec<InterpolatedTextContents<Thunk>> {
     use std::mem::replace;
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ pub fn squash_textlit(
 }
 
 /// Reduces the imput expression to a Value. Evaluates as little as possible.
-pub fn normalize_whnf(ctx: NormalizationContext, expr: InputSubExpr) -> Value {
+pub(crate) fn normalize_whnf(ctx: NormalizationContext, expr: InputSubExpr) -> Value {
     match expr.as_ref() {
         ExprF::Embed(e) => return e.to_value(),
         ExprF::Var(v) => return ctx.lookup(v),
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ fn apply_binop<'a>(o: BinOp, x: &'a Thunk, y: &'a Thunk) -> Option<Ret<'a>> {
     })
 }
 
-pub fn normalize_one_layer(expr: ExprF<Thunk, Normalized>) -> Value {
+pub(crate) fn normalize_one_layer(expr: ExprF<Thunk, Normalized>) -> Value {
     use Value::{
         AppliedBuiltin, BoolLit, DoubleLit, EmptyListLit, IntegerLit, Lam,
         NEListLit, NEOptionalLit, NaturalLit, Pi, RecordLit, RecordType,
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/parse.rs b/dhall/src/phase/parse.rs
index 9f3f2f4..540ceea 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/parse.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/parse.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::phase::resolve::ImportRoot;
 use crate::phase::Parsed;
 
-pub fn parse_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
     let mut buffer = String::new();
     File::open(f)?.read_to_string(&mut buffer)?;
     let expr = parse_expr(&*buffer)?;
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ pub fn parse_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
     Ok(Parsed(expr, root))
 }
 
-pub fn parse_str(s: &str) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_str(s: &str) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
     let expr = parse_expr(s)?;
     let root = ImportRoot::LocalDir(std::env::current_dir()?);
     Ok(Parsed(expr, root))
 }
 
-pub fn parse_binary(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_binary(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
     let expr = crate::phase::binary::decode(data)?;
     let root = ImportRoot::LocalDir(std::env::current_dir()?);
     Ok(Parsed(expr, root))
 }
 
-pub fn parse_binary_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_binary_file(f: &Path) -> Result<Parsed, Error> {
     let mut buffer = Vec::new();
     File::open(f)?.read_to_end(&mut buffer)?;
     let expr = crate::phase::binary::decode(&buffer)?;
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/resolve.rs b/dhall/src/phase/resolve.rs
index dabecf2..27ae7a3 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/resolve.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/resolve.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ type Import = dhall_syntax::Import<NormalizedSubExpr>;
 
 /// A root from which to resolve relative imports.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ImportRoot {
+pub(crate) enum ImportRoot {
     LocalDir(PathBuf),
 }
 
 type ImportCache = HashMap<Import, Normalized>;
 
-pub type ImportStack = Vec<Import>;
+pub(crate) type ImportStack = Vec<Import>;
 
 fn resolve_import(
     import: &Import,
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ fn do_resolve_expr(
     Ok(Resolved(expr))
 }
 
-pub fn resolve(e: Parsed) -> Result<Resolved, ImportError> {
+pub(crate) fn resolve(e: Parsed) -> Result<Resolved, ImportError> {
     do_resolve_expr(e, &mut HashMap::new(), &Vec::new())
 }
 
-pub fn skip_resolve_expr(
+pub(crate) fn skip_resolve_expr(
     Parsed(expr, _root): Parsed,
 ) -> Result<Resolved, ImportError> {
     let resolve = |import: &Import| -> Result<Normalized, ImportError> {
diff --git a/dhall/src/phase/typecheck.rs b/dhall/src/phase/typecheck.rs
index 5eab8da..56fb5ed 100644
--- a/dhall/src/phase/typecheck.rs
+++ b/dhall/src/phase/typecheck.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fn function_check(a: Const, b: Const) -> Const {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn type_of_const(c: Const) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
+pub(crate) fn type_of_const(c: Const) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
     match c {
         Const::Type => Ok(Type::from_const(Const::Kind)),
         Const::Kind => Ok(Type::from_const(Const::Sort)),
@@ -300,14 +300,14 @@ fn type_of_builtin<E>(b: Builtin) -> Expr<E> {
 
 /// Takes an expression that is meant to contain a Type
 /// and turn it into a type, typechecking it along the way.
-pub fn mktype(
+pub(crate) fn mktype(
     ctx: &TypecheckContext,
     e: SubExpr<Normalized>,
 ) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
     Ok(type_with(ctx, e)?.to_type())
 }
 
-pub fn builtin_to_type(b: Builtin) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
+pub(crate) fn builtin_to_type(b: Builtin) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
     mktype(&TypecheckContext::new(), SubExpr::from_builtin(b))
 }
 
@@ -1009,15 +1009,15 @@ fn type_of(e: SubExpr<Normalized>) -> Result<Typed, TypeError> {
     Ok(e)
 }
 
-pub fn typecheck(e: Resolved) -> Result<Typed, TypeError> {
+pub(crate) fn typecheck(e: Resolved) -> Result<Typed, TypeError> {
     type_of(e.0)
 }
 
-pub fn typecheck_with(e: Resolved, ty: &Type) -> Result<Typed, TypeError> {
+pub(crate) fn typecheck_with(e: Resolved, ty: &Type) -> Result<Typed, TypeError> {
     let expr: SubExpr<_> = e.0;
     let ty: SubExpr<_> = ty.to_expr();
     type_of(expr.rewrap(ExprF::Annot(expr.clone(), ty)))
 }
-pub fn skip_typecheck(e: Resolved) -> Typed {
+pub(crate) fn skip_typecheck(e: Resolved) -> Typed {
     Typed::from_thunk_untyped(Thunk::new(NormalizationContext::new(), e.0))
 }
diff --git a/serde_dhall/src/lib.rs b/serde_dhall/src/lib.rs
index 14d8b47..71674a9 100644
--- a/serde_dhall/src/lib.rs
+++ b/serde_dhall/src/lib.rs
@@ -167,16 +167,14 @@ pub mod value {
             Self::from_dhall_value(DhallValue::from_builtin(b))
         }
         pub(crate) fn make_optional_type(t: Value) -> Self {
-            Self::from_dhall_value(DhallValue::AppliedBuiltin(
-                Builtin::Optional,
-                vec![t.to_thunk()],
-            ))
+            Self::from_dhall_value(
+                DhallValue::from_builtin(Builtin::Optional).app_thunk(t.to_thunk()),
+            )
         }
         pub(crate) fn make_list_type(t: Value) -> Self {
-            Self::from_dhall_value(DhallValue::AppliedBuiltin(
-                Builtin::List,
-                vec![t.to_thunk()],
-            ))
+            Self::from_dhall_value(
+                DhallValue::from_builtin(Builtin::List).app_thunk(t.to_thunk()),
+            )
         }
         // Made public for the StaticType derive macro
         #[doc(hidden)]