From b48ea68a83d01903554c7696c77eedaaf1035680 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eduardo Julian
Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 00:38:20 -0400
Subject: De-sigil-ification: suffix : [Part 3]

---
 stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/binary.lux           | 391 +++++------
 stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/collection/array.lux | 750 +++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 589 insertions(+), 552 deletions(-)

(limited to 'stdlib/source/unsafe')

diff --git a/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/binary.lux b/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/binary.lux
index 6f51fde27..1dc9fc96c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/binary.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/binary.lux
@@ -60,57 +60,59 @@
 (`` (with_expansions [<size> (.is .Nat size)
                       <jvm> (ffi.array byte <size>)
                       <jvm> (.is ..Binary <jvm>)]
-      (template: .public (empty size)
-        [(is ..Binary
-             (for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
-                  (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
-
-                  (~~ (.static @.js))
-                  (.|> <size>
-                       .int
-                       "lux i64 f64"
-                       []
-                       ("js object new" ("js constant" "ArrayBuffer"))
-                       []
-                       ("js object new" ("js constant" "Uint8Array"))
-                       (.as ..Binary))
-
-                  (~~ (.static @.python))
-                  (.|> <size>
-                       []
-                       ("python apply" (.as ffi.Function ("python constant" "bytearray")))
-                       (.as ..Binary))
-
-                  (~~ (.static @.scheme))
-                  (..make-bytevector <size>)
-
-                  ... Default
-                  (array.empty <size>)))])))
-
-(`` (with_expansions [<it> (.is ..Binary it)
-                      <jvm> (ffi.length <it>)]
-      (template: .public (size it)
-        [(.is .Nat
-              (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
+      (def: .public empty
+        (template (empty size)
+          [(is ..Binary
+               (for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
                     (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
 
                     (~~ (.static @.js))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         ("js object get" "length")
-                         (.as .Frac)
-                         "lux f64 i64"
-                         .nat)
+                    (.|> <size>
+                         .int
+                         "lux i64 f64"
+                         []
+                         ("js object new" ("js constant" "ArrayBuffer"))
+                         []
+                         ("js object new" ("js constant" "Uint8Array"))
+                         (.as ..Binary))
 
                     (~~ (.static @.python))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         (.as (array.Array (.I64 .Any)))
-                         "python array length")
+                    (.|> <size>
+                         []
+                         ("python apply" (.as ffi.Function ("python constant" "bytearray")))
+                         (.as ..Binary))
 
                     (~~ (.static @.scheme))
-                    (..bytevector-length [<it>])
+                    (..make-bytevector <size>)
 
                     ... Default
-                    (array.size <it>)))])))
+                    (array.empty <size>)))]))))
+
+(`` (with_expansions [<it> (.is ..Binary it)
+                      <jvm> (ffi.length <it>)]
+      (def: .public size
+        (template (size it)
+          [(.is .Nat
+                (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
+                      (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.js))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           ("js object get" "length")
+                           (.as .Frac)
+                           "lux f64 i64"
+                           .nat)
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.python))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           (.as (array.Array (.I64 .Any)))
+                           "python array length")
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.scheme))
+                      (..bytevector-length [<it>])
+
+                      ... Default
+                      (array.size <it>)))]))))
 
 (def: byte_mask
   Nat
@@ -124,67 +126,71 @@
                   <jvm> (.|> <jvm>
                              (.as .I64)
                              ("lux i64 and" <byte_mask>))]
-  (template: .public (bits_8 index it)
-    [(.<| (.as .I64)
+  (def: .public bits_8
+    (template (bits_8 index it)
+      [(.<| (.as .I64)
+            (.is (.I64 .Any))
+            (`` (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) (~~ <jvm>)
+                      (~~ (.static @.jvm)) (~~ <jvm>)
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.js))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           (.as (array.Array .Frac))
+                           ("js array read" <index>)
+                           (.as .Frac)
+                           "lux f64 i64"
+                           .i64)
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.python))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           (.as (array.Array .I64))
+                           ("python array read" <index>))
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.scheme))
+                      (..bytevector-u8-ref [<it> <index>])
+
+                      ... Default
+                      (.if (array.lacks? <index> <it>)
+                        (.i64 0)
+                        (array.item <index> <it>)))))])))
+
+(def: .public bits_16
+  (template (bits_16 index' it')
+    [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
+                 it (.is ..Binary it')])
+          (.as .I64)
           (.is (.I64 .Any))
-          (`` (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) (~~ <jvm>)
-                    (~~ (.static @.jvm)) (~~ <jvm>)
-
-                    (~~ (.static @.js))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         (.as (array.Array .Frac))
-                         ("js array read" <index>)
-                         (.as .Frac)
-                         "lux f64 i64"
-                         .i64)
-
-                    (~~ (.static @.python))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         (.as (array.Array .I64))
-                         ("python array read" <index>))
-
-                    (~~ (.static @.scheme))
-                    (..bytevector-u8-ref [<it> <index>])
-
-                    ... Default
-                    (.if (array.lacks? <index> <it>)
-                      (.i64 0)
-                      (array.item <index> <it>)))))]))
-
-(template: .public (bits_16 index' it')
-  [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
-               it (.is ..Binary it')])
-        (.as .I64)
-        (.is (.I64 .Any))
-        (.all "lux i64 or"
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 index it))
-              (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it)))])
-
-(template: .public (bits_32 index' it')
-  [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
-               it (.is ..Binary it')])
-        (.as .I64)
-        (.is (.I64 .Any))
-        (.all "lux i64 or"
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 24 (..bits_8 index it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 16 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 2 index) it))
-              (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 3 index) it)))])
-
-(template: .public (bits_64 index' it')
-  [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
-               it (.is ..Binary it')])
-        (.as .I64)
-        (.is (.I64 .Any))
-        (.all "lux i64 or"
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 56 (..bits_8 index it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 48 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 40 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 2 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 32 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 3 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 24 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 4 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 16 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 5 index) it))
-              ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 6 index) it))
-              (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 7 index) it)))])
+          (.all "lux i64 or"
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 index it))
+                (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it)))]))
+
+(def: .public bits_32
+  (template (bits_32 index' it')
+    [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
+                 it (.is ..Binary it')])
+          (.as .I64)
+          (.is (.I64 .Any))
+          (.all "lux i64 or"
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 24 (..bits_8 index it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 16 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 2 index) it))
+                (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 3 index) it)))]))
+
+(def: .public bits_64
+  (template (bits_64 index' it')
+    [(.<| (.let [index (.is Nat index')
+                 it (.is ..Binary it')])
+          (.as .I64)
+          (.is (.I64 .Any))
+          (.all "lux i64 or"
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 56 (..bits_8 index it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 48 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 1 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 40 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 2 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 32 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 3 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 24 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 4 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 16 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 5 index) it))
+                ("lux i64 left-shift" 8 (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 6 index) it))
+                (..bits_8 ("lux i64 +" 7 index) it)))]))
 
 (with_expansions [<byte> (hex "FF")
                   <it> (.is ..Binary it)
@@ -199,99 +205,104 @@
                   <jvm_value> <jvm_value>
                   <jvm_value> (ffi.long_to_byte <jvm_value>)
                   <jvm> (ffi.write! <index> <jvm_value> <it>)]
-  (`` (template: .public (has_8! index value it)
-        [(.is ..Binary
-              (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
-                    (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
-
-                    (~~ (.static @.js))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         (.is ..Binary)
-                         (.as (array.Array .Frac))
-                         ("js array write" <index>
-                          (.|> <value>
-                               .int
-                               ("lux i64 and" (.int <byte>))
-                               "lux i64 f64"
-                               .as_expected))
-                         (.as ..Binary))
-                    
-                    (~~ (.static @.python))
-                    (.|> <it>
-                         (.is ..Binary)
-                         (.as (array.Array (.I64 .Any)))
-                         ("python array write" <index> (.|> <value> ("lux i64 and" <byte>) (.is (.I64 .Any))))
-                         (.as ..Binary))
-                    
-                    (~~ (.static @.scheme))
-                    (.let [it' <it>]
-                      (.exec
-                        (..bytevector-u8-set! [it' <index> <value>])
-                        it'))
-
-                    ... Default
-                    (array.has! <index> (.|> <value> .int ("lux i64 and" (.int <byte>))) <it>)))])))
-
-(template: .public (has_16! index' value' it)
-  [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
-          value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
-     (.|> it
-          (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
-          (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) value)))])
-
-(template: .public (has_32! index' value' it)
-  [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
-          value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
-     (.|> it
-          (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
-          (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
-          (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
-          (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) value)))])
-
-(`` (template: .public (has_64! index' value' it)
-      [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
-              value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
-         (.for (~~ (.static @.scheme)) (.let [write_high (.is (.-> ..Binary ..Binary)
-                                                              (.|>> (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 56 value))
-                                                                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 48 value))
-                                                                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 40 value))
-                                                                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 32 value))))
-                                              write_low (.is (.-> ..Binary ..Binary)
-                                                             (.|>> (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 4 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
-                                                                   (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 5 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
-                                                                   (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 6 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
-                                                                   (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 7 index) value)))]
-                                         (.|> it
-                                              write_high
-                                              write_low))
-               (.|> it
-                    (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 56 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 48 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 40 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 32 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 4 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 5 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 6 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
-                    (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 7 index) value))))]))
+  (`` (def: .public has_8!
+        (template (has_8! index value it)
+          [(.is ..Binary
+                (.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
+                      (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
+
+                      (~~ (.static @.js))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           (.is ..Binary)
+                           (.as (array.Array .Frac))
+                           ("js array write" <index>
+                            (.|> <value>
+                                 .int
+                                 ("lux i64 and" (.int <byte>))
+                                 "lux i64 f64"
+                                 .as_expected))
+                           (.as ..Binary))
+                      
+                      (~~ (.static @.python))
+                      (.|> <it>
+                           (.is ..Binary)
+                           (.as (array.Array (.I64 .Any)))
+                           ("python array write" <index> (.|> <value> ("lux i64 and" <byte>) (.is (.I64 .Any))))
+                           (.as ..Binary))
+                      
+                      (~~ (.static @.scheme))
+                      (.let [it' <it>]
+                        (.exec
+                          (..bytevector-u8-set! [it' <index> <value>])
+                          it'))
+
+                      ... Default
+                      (array.has! <index> (.|> <value> .int ("lux i64 and" (.int <byte>))) <it>)))]))))
+
+(def: .public has_16!
+  (template (has_16! index' value' it)
+    [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
+            value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
+       (.|> it
+            (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
+            (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) value)))]))
+
+(def: .public has_32!
+  (template (has_32! index' value' it)
+    [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
+            value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
+       (.|> it
+            (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
+            (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
+            (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
+            (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) value)))]))
+
+(`` (def: .public has_64!
+      (template (has_64! index' value' it)
+        [(.let [index (.is .Nat index')
+                value (.is (.I64 .Any) value')]
+           (.for (~~ (.static @.scheme)) (.let [write_high (.is (.-> ..Binary ..Binary)
+                                                                (.|>> (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 56 value))
+                                                                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 48 value))
+                                                                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 40 value))
+                                                                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 32 value))))
+                                                write_low (.is (.-> ..Binary ..Binary)
+                                                               (.|>> (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 4 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
+                                                                     (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 5 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
+                                                                     (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 6 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
+                                                                     (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 7 index) value)))]
+                                           (.|> it
+                                                write_high
+                                                write_low))
+                 (.|> it
+                      (..has_8! index ("lux i64 right-shift" 56 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 48 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 2 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 40 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 3 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 32 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 4 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 24 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 5 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 16 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 6 index) ("lux i64 right-shift" 8 value))
+                      (..has_8! ("lux i64 +" 7 index) value))))])))
 
 (with_expansions [<reference> (.is ..Binary reference')
                   <sample> (.is ..Binary sample')
                   <jvm> (java/util/Arrays::equals <reference> <sample>)
                   <jvm> (ffi.of_boolean <jvm>)]
-  (`` (template: .public (= reference' sample')
-        [(.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
-               (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
-               (.let [reference <reference>
-                      sample <sample>
-                      limit (..size reference)]
-                 (.and ("lux i64 =" limit (..size sample))
-                       (.loop (again [index 0])
-                         (.if ("lux i64 =" limit index)
-                           .true
-                           (.and ("lux i64 ="
-                                  (..bits_8 index reference)
-                                  (..bits_8 index sample))
-                                 (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))))))))])))
+  (`` (def: .public =
+        (template (= reference' sample')
+          [(.for (~~ (.static @.old)) <jvm>
+                 (~~ (.static @.jvm)) <jvm>
+                 (.let [reference <reference>
+                        sample <sample>
+                        limit (..size reference)]
+                   (.and ("lux i64 =" limit (..size sample))
+                         (.loop (again [index 0])
+                           (.if ("lux i64 =" limit index)
+                             .true
+                             (.and ("lux i64 ="
+                                    (..bits_8 index reference)
+                                    (..bits_8 index sample))
+                                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))))))))]))))
 
 ... TODO: Turn into a template ASAP.
 (`` (inline: .public (copy! bytes source_offset source target_offset target)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/collection/array.lux b/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/collection/array.lux
index fd43808c5..d3116b89b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/collection/array.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/unsafe/lux/data/collection/array.lux
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 (def: .public type
   "#Array")
 
-(template [<item> <array>]
+(with_template [<item> <array>]
   [(type: .public <array>
      {.#Primitive ..type {.#Item <item> {.#End}}})]
 
@@ -23,390 +23,416 @@
 
 (with_expansions [<index_type> (.Primitive "java.lang.Long")
                   <item_type> (.Primitive "java.lang.Object")]
-  (for @.jvm (template: (jvm_int value)
-               [(.|> value
-                     (.as <index_type>)
-                     "jvm object cast"
-                     "jvm conversion long-to-int")])
+  (for @.jvm (def: jvm_int
+               (template (jvm_int value)
+                 [(.|> value
+                       (.as <index_type>)
+                       "jvm object cast"
+                       "jvm conversion long-to-int")]))
        (these))
   
-  (`` (template: .public (empty <size>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> .Nat (..Array a)))
-               (.function (empty size)
-                 (.as_expected
-                  (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                        ("jvm anewarray" "(java.lang.Object )" size)
-
-                        (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                        (|> (~~ (..jvm_int size))
-                            "jvm array new object"
-                            (.is (..Array <item_type>)))
-
-                        (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array new" size)
-                        (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array new" size)
-                        (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array new" size)
-                        (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array new" size)
-                        (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array new" size)
-                        (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array new" size)))))
-          <size>)]))
-
-  (`` (template: .public (size <array>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (..Array' r w) .Nat))
-               (.function (size array)
-                 (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                       ("jvm arraylength" array)
-
-                       (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                       (.|> array
-                            "jvm array length object"
-                            "jvm conversion int-to-long"
-                            "jvm object cast"
-                            (.is <index_type>)
-                            (.as .Nat))
-
-                       (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array length" array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array length" array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array length" array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array length" array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array length" array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array length" array))))
-          <array>)]))
-
-  (template: (lacks?' <read!> <null?> index array)
-    [(<null?> (<read!> index array))])
-
-  (`` (template: .public (lacks? <index> <array>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-                 (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) .Bit))
-               (.function (lacks? index array)
-                 (.let [size (..size array)]
-                   (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                     (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                           ("jvm object null?" ("jvm aaload" array index))
-
-                           (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                           (.|> array
-                                ("jvm array read object" (~~ (jvm_int index)))
-                                "jvm object null?")
-
-                           (~~ (.static @.js)) (~~ (lacks?' "js array read" "js object undefined?" index array))
-                           (~~ (.static @.python)) (~~ (lacks?' "python array read" "python object none?" index array))
-                           (~~ (.static @.lua)) (~~ (lacks?' "lua array read" "lua object nil?" index array))
-                           (~~ (.static @.ruby)) (~~ (lacks?' "ruby array read" "ruby object nil?" index array))
-                           (~~ (.static @.php)) (~~ (lacks?' "php array read" "php object null?" index array))
-                           (~~ (.static @.scheme)) (~~ (lacks?' "scheme array read" "scheme object nil?" index array)))
-                     .true))))
-          <index> <array>)]))
-
-  (template: .public (has? index array)
-    [(.not (..lacks? index array))])
-
-  (`` (template: .public (item <index> <array>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-                 (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) r))
-               (.function (item index array)
-                 (.as_expected
-                  (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                        ("jvm aaload" array index)
-
-                        (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                        ("jvm array read object" (~~ (jvm_int index)) array)
-
-                        (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array read" index array)
-                        (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array read" index array)
-                        (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array read" index array)
-                        (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array read" index array)
-                        (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array read" index array)
-                        (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array read" index array)))))
-          <index> <array>)]))
-
-  (`` (template: .public (has! <index> <value> <array>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-                 (.-> .Nat w (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
-               (.function (has! index value array)
-                 (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                       ("jvm aastore" array index value)
-
-                       (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                       (.|> array
-                            ("jvm array write object" (~~ (jvm_int index)) value)
-                            .as_expected)
-
-                       (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
-                       (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array write" index (.as_expected value) array))))
-          <index> <value> <array>)]))
-
-  (`` (template: .public (lacks! <index> <array>)
-        [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-                 (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
-               (.function (lacks! index array)
-                 (.let [size (..size array)]
-                   (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                     (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
-                           (..has! index (.as_expected ("jvm object null")) array)
-                           
-                           (~~ (.static @.jvm))
-                           (..has! index (.as_expected (is <item_type> ("jvm object null"))) array)
-
-                           (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array delete" index array)
-                           (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array delete" index array)
-                           (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array delete" index array)
-                           (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array delete" index array)
-                           (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array delete" index array)
-                           (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array delete" index array))
-                     array))))
-          <index> <array>)]))
+  (`` (def: .public empty
+        (template (empty <size>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> .Nat (..Array a)))
+                 (.function (empty size)
+                   (.as_expected
+                    (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                          ("jvm anewarray" "(java.lang.Object )" size)
+
+                          (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                          (|> (~~ (..jvm_int size))
+                              "jvm array new object"
+                              (.is (..Array <item_type>)))
+
+                          (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array new" size)
+                          (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array new" size)
+                          (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array new" size)
+                          (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array new" size)
+                          (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array new" size)
+                          (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array new" size)))))
+            <size>)])))
+
+  (`` (def: .public size
+        (template (size <array>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (..Array' r w) .Nat))
+                 (.function (size array)
+                   (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                         ("jvm arraylength" array)
+
+                         (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                         (.|> array
+                              "jvm array length object"
+                              "jvm conversion int-to-long"
+                              "jvm object cast"
+                              (.is <index_type>)
+                              (.as .Nat))
+
+                         (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array length" array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array length" array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array length" array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array length" array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array length" array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array length" array))))
+            <array>)])))
+
+  (def: lacks?'
+    (template (lacks?' <read!> <null?> index array)
+      [(<null?> (<read!> index array))]))
+
+  (`` (def: .public lacks?
+        (template (lacks? <index> <array>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                   (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) .Bit))
+                 (.function (lacks? index array)
+                   (.let [size (..size array)]
+                     (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                       (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                             ("jvm object null?" ("jvm aaload" array index))
+
+                             (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                             (.|> array
+                                  ("jvm array read object" (~~ (jvm_int index)))
+                                  "jvm object null?")
+
+                             (~~ (.static @.js)) (~~ (lacks?' "js array read" "js object undefined?" index array))
+                             (~~ (.static @.python)) (~~ (lacks?' "python array read" "python object none?" index array))
+                             (~~ (.static @.lua)) (~~ (lacks?' "lua array read" "lua object nil?" index array))
+                             (~~ (.static @.ruby)) (~~ (lacks?' "ruby array read" "ruby object nil?" index array))
+                             (~~ (.static @.php)) (~~ (lacks?' "php array read" "php object null?" index array))
+                             (~~ (.static @.scheme)) (~~ (lacks?' "scheme array read" "scheme object nil?" index array)))
+                       .true))))
+            <index> <array>)])))
+
+  (def: .public has?
+    (template (has? index array)
+      [(.not (..lacks? index array))]))
+
+  (`` (def: .public item
+        (template (item <index> <array>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                   (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) r))
+                 (.function (item index array)
+                   (.as_expected
+                    (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                          ("jvm aaload" array index)
+
+                          (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                          ("jvm array read object" (~~ (jvm_int index)) array)
+
+                          (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array read" index array)
+                          (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array read" index array)
+                          (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array read" index array)
+                          (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array read" index array)
+                          (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array read" index array)
+                          (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array read" index array)))))
+            <index> <array>)])))
+
+  (`` (def: .public has!
+        (template (has! <index> <value> <array>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                   (.-> .Nat w (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
+                 (.function (has! index value array)
+                   (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                         ("jvm aastore" array index value)
+
+                         (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                         (.|> array
+                              ("jvm array write object" (~~ (jvm_int index)) value)
+                              .as_expected)
+
+                         (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array write" index (.as_expected value) array)
+                         (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array write" index (.as_expected value) array))))
+            <index> <value> <array>)])))
+
+  (`` (def: .public lacks!
+        (template (lacks! <index> <array>)
+          [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                   (.-> .Nat (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
+                 (.function (lacks! index array)
+                   (.let [size (..size array)]
+                     (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                       (.for (~~ (.static @.old))
+                             (..has! index (.as_expected ("jvm object null")) array)
+                             
+                             (~~ (.static @.jvm))
+                             (..has! index (.as_expected (is <item_type> ("jvm object null"))) array)
+
+                             (~~ (.static @.js)) ("js array delete" index array)
+                             (~~ (.static @.python)) ("python array delete" index array)
+                             (~~ (.static @.lua)) ("lua array delete" index array)
+                             (~~ (.static @.ruby)) ("ruby array delete" index array)
+                             (~~ (.static @.php)) ("php array delete" index array)
+                             (~~ (.static @.scheme)) ("scheme array delete" index array))
+                       array))))
+            <index> <array>)])))
   )
 
-(template: .public (revised! <index> <$> <array>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-           (.-> .Nat (.-> r w) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
-         (.function (revised! index $ array)
-           (.if (..lacks? index array)
-             array
-             (..has! index ($ (..item index array)) array))))
-    <index> <$> <array>)])
-
-(template: .public (upsert! <index> <default> <$> <array>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-           (.-> .Nat r (.-> r w) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
-         (.function (upsert! index default $ array)
-           (..has! index
-                   ($ (.if (..lacks? index array)
-                        default
-                        (..item index array)))
-                   array)))
-    <index> <default> <$> <array>)])
-
-(template: .public (copy! <length> <src_start> <src_array> <dest_start> <dest_array>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-           (.-> .Nat .Nat (..Array' w .Nothing) .Nat (..Array' r w)
-                (..Array' r w)))
-         (.function (copy! length src_start src_array dest_start dest_array)
-           (.loop (again [offset 0])
-             (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int length) (.int offset))
-               (.exec
-                 (.if (..lacks? ("lux i64 +" offset src_start) src_array)
-                   (..lacks! ("lux i64 +" offset dest_start) dest_array)
-                   (..has! ("lux i64 +" offset dest_start)
-                           (..item ("lux i64 +" offset src_start) src_array)
-                           dest_array))
-                 (again ("lux i64 +" 1 offset)))
-               dest_array))))
-    <length> <src_start> <src_array> <dest_start> <dest_array>)])
-
-(template [<name> <when_lacks> <when_has>]
-  [(template: .public (<name> <array>)
-     [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (..Array' r w) .Nat))
-            (.function (occupancy array)
-              (.let [size (..size array)]
-                (.loop (again [index 0
-                               it 0])
-                  (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                    (.if (..lacks? index array)
-                      (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) <when_lacks>)
-                      (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) <when_has>))
-                    it)))))
-       <array>)])]
+(def: .public revised!
+  (template (revised! <index> <$> <array>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+             (.-> .Nat (.-> r w) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
+           (.function (revised! index $ array)
+             (.if (..lacks? index array)
+               array
+               (..has! index ($ (..item index array)) array))))
+      <index> <$> <array>)]))
+
+(def: .public upsert!
+  (template (upsert! <index> <default> <$> <array>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+             (.-> .Nat r (.-> r w) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
+           (.function (upsert! index default $ array)
+             (..has! index
+                     ($ (.if (..lacks? index array)
+                          default
+                          (..item index array)))
+                     array)))
+      <index> <default> <$> <array>)]))
+
+(def: .public copy!
+  (template (copy! <length> <src_start> <src_array> <dest_start> <dest_array>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+             (.-> .Nat .Nat (..Array' w .Nothing) .Nat (..Array' r w)
+                  (..Array' r w)))
+           (.function (copy! length src_start src_array dest_start dest_array)
+             (.loop (again [offset 0])
+               (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int length) (.int offset))
+                 (.exec
+                   (.if (..lacks? ("lux i64 +" offset src_start) src_array)
+                     (..lacks! ("lux i64 +" offset dest_start) dest_array)
+                     (..has! ("lux i64 +" offset dest_start)
+                             (..item ("lux i64 +" offset src_start) src_array)
+                             dest_array))
+                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 offset)))
+                 dest_array))))
+      <length> <src_start> <src_array> <dest_start> <dest_array>)]))
+
+(with_template [<name> <when_lacks> <when_has>]
+  [(def: .public <name>
+     (template (<name> <array>)
+       [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (..Array' r w) .Nat))
+              (.function (occupancy array)
+                (.let [size (..size array)]
+                  (.loop (again [index 0
+                                 it 0])
+                    (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                      (.if (..lacks? index array)
+                        (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) <when_lacks>)
+                        (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) <when_has>))
+                      it)))))
+         <array>)]))]
 
   [occupancy it ("lux i64 +" 1 it)]
   [vacancy ("lux i64 +" 1 it) it]
   )
 
-(template: .public (only! <?> <it>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-           (.-> (.-> r .Bit) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
-         (.function (only! ? it)
-           (.let [size (..size it)]
-             (.loop (again [index 0])
-               (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                 (.exec
-                   (.if (..lacks? index it)
-                     it
-                     (.if (? (..item index it))
+(def: .public only!
+  (template (only! <?> <it>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+             (.-> (.-> r .Bit) (..Array' r w) (..Array' r w)))
+           (.function (only! ? it)
+             (.let [size (..size it)]
+               (.loop (again [index 0])
+                 (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                   (.exec
+                     (.if (..lacks? index it)
                        it
-                       (..lacks! index it)))
-                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))
-                 it)))))
-    <?> <it>)])
-
-(template [<name> <predicate> <test> <type> <term>]
-  [(template: .public (<name> <?> <it>)
-     [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-              (.-> <predicate> (..Array' r w) (.Maybe <type>)))
-            (.function (<name> ? it)
-              (.let [size (..size it)]
-                (.loop (again [index 0])
-                  (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                    (.if (..lacks? index it)
-                      (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))
-                      (.let [it (..item index it)]
-                        (.if <test>
-                          {.#Some <term>}
-                          (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))))
-                    {.#None})))))
-       <?> <it>)])]
+                       (.if (? (..item index it))
+                         it
+                         (..lacks! index it)))
+                     (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))
+                   it)))))
+      <?> <it>)]))
+
+(with_template [<name> <predicate> <test> <type> <term>]
+  [(def: .public <name>
+     (template (<name> <?> <it>)
+       [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                (.-> <predicate> (..Array' r w) (.Maybe <type>)))
+              (.function (<name> ? it)
+                (.let [size (..size it)]
+                  (.loop (again [index 0])
+                    (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                      (.if (..lacks? index it)
+                        (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))
+                        (.let [it (..item index it)]
+                          (.if <test>
+                            {.#Some <term>}
+                            (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))))
+                      {.#None})))))
+         <?> <it>)]))]
 
   [example (.-> r .Bit) (? it) r it]
   [example' (.-> Nat r .Bit) (? index it) [Nat r] [index it]]
   )
 
-(template: .public (clone <it>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (..Array a) (..Array a)))
-         (.function (clone it)
-           (.let [size (..size it)]
-             (..copy! size 0 it 0 (..empty size)))))
-    <it>)])
-
-(template: .public (of_list <input>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (.List a) (..Array a)))
-         (.function (of_list input)
-           (.let [size (list.size input)
-                  output (..empty size)]
-             (.loop (again [index 0
-                            input input])
-               (.case input
-                 {.#End}
-                 output
-                 
-                 {.#Item head tail}
-                 (.exec
-                   (..has! index head output)
-                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) tail)))))))
-    <input>)])
+(def: .public clone
+  (template (clone <it>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (..Array a) (..Array a)))
+           (.function (clone it)
+             (.let [size (..size it)]
+               (..copy! size 0 it 0 (..empty size)))))
+      <it>)]))
+
+(def: .public of_list
+  (template (of_list <input>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (.List a) (..Array a)))
+           (.function (of_list input)
+             (.let [size (list.size input)
+                    output (..empty size)]
+               (.loop (again [index 0
+                              input input])
+                 (.case input
+                   {.#End}
+                   output
+                   
+                   {.#Item head tail}
+                   (.exec
+                     (..has! index head output)
+                     (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) tail)))))))
+      <input>)]))
 
 (def: underflow
   Nat
   (-- 0))
 
-(`` (template: (list|-default <empty> <array>)
-      [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (.List r) (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
-             (.function (list|-default empty array)
-               (.loop (again [index ("lux i64 -" 1 (..size array))
-                              output empty])
-                 (.if ("lux i64 =" (~~ (.static ..underflow)) index)
-                   output
-                   (again ("lux i64 -" 1 index)
-                          (.if (..lacks? index array)
-                            output
-                            {.#Item (..item index array) output}))))))
-        <empty> <array>)]))
-
-(`` (template: (list|+default <default> <array>)
-      [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> r (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
-             (.function (list|+default default array)
-               (.loop (again [index ("lux i64 -" 1 (..size array))
-                              output (`` (.is (.List (~~ (.these (~~ (.type_of default)))))
-                                              {.#End}))])
-                 (.if ("lux i64 =" (~~ (.static ..underflow)) index)
-                   output
-                   (again ("lux i64 -" 1 index)
-                          {.#Item (.if (..lacks? index array)
-                                    default
-                                    (..item index array))
-                                  output})))))
-        <default> <array>)]))
-
-(`` (template: .public (list <default> <array>)
-      [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (.Maybe r) (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
-             (.function (list default array)
-               (.case default
-                 {.#Some default}
-                 (~~ (..list|+default default array))
-
-                 {.#None}
-                 (~~ (..list|-default {.#End} array)))))
-        <default> <array>)]))
-
-(template: .public (= <//#=> <left/*> <right/*>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w0 w1) (.-> (.-> r r .Bit) (..Array' r w0) (..Array' r w1) .Bit))
-         (.function (= //#= left/* right/*)
-           (.let [size (..size left/*)]
-             (.and ("lux i64 =" (..size right/*) size)
-                   (.loop (again [index 0])
-                     (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                       (.if (..lacks? index left/*)
-                         (..lacks? index right/*)
-                         (.if (..lacks? index right/*)
-                           .false
-                           (.and (//#= (..item index left/*)
-                                       (..item index right/*))
-                                 (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))))
-                       true))))))
-    <//#=> <left/*> <right/*>)])
-
-(template: .public (composite <left/*> <right/*>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (..Array' a .Nothing) (..Array' a .Nothing) (..Array a)))
-         (.function (composite left/* right/*)
-           (.let [|left| (..size left/*)
-                  |right| (..size right/*)]
-             (.|> (..empty ("lux i64 +" |left| |right|))
-                  (..copy! |left| 0 left/* 0)
-                  (..copy! |right| 0 right/* |left|)))))
-    <left/*> <right/*>)])
-
-(template: .public (mix <$> <init> <it>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r w s)
-           (.-> (.-> Nat r s s) s (..Array' r w) s))
-         (.function (mix $ init it)
-           (.let [size (..size it)]
-             (.loop (again [index 0
-                            so_far init])
-               (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                 (.if (..lacks? index it)
-                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) so_far)
-                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ($ index (..item index it) so_far)))
-                 so_far)))))
-    <$> <init> <it>)])
-
-(template: .public (each <$> <input>)
-  [((.is (functor.Functor ..Array)
-         (.function (each $ input)
-           (..mix (.function (_ index item output)
-                    (..has! index ($ item) output))
-                  (..empty (..size input))
-                  input)))
-    <$> <input>)])
-
-(template [<name> <init> <op>]
-  [(template: .public (<name> <?> <it>)
-     [((.is (.All (_ r w)
-              (.-> (.-> r .Bit)
-                   (.-> (..Array' r w) .Bit)))
-            (.function (<name> ? it)
-              (.let [size (..size it)]
-                (.loop (again [index 0])
-                  (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                    (.if (..lacks? index it)
-                      (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))
-                      (<op> (? (..item index it))
-                            (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))))
-                    <init>)))))
-       <?> <it>)])]
+(`` (def: list|-default
+      (template (list|-default <empty> <array>)
+        [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (.List r) (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
+               (.function (list|-default empty array)
+                 (.loop (again [index ("lux i64 -" 1 (..size array))
+                                output empty])
+                   (.if ("lux i64 =" (~~ (.static ..underflow)) index)
+                     output
+                     (again ("lux i64 -" 1 index)
+                            (.if (..lacks? index array)
+                              output
+                              {.#Item (..item index array) output}))))))
+          <empty> <array>)])))
+
+(`` (def: list|+default
+      (template (list|+default <default> <array>)
+        [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> r (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
+               (.function (list|+default default array)
+                 (.loop (again [index ("lux i64 -" 1 (..size array))
+                                output (`` (.is (.List (~~ (.these (~~ (.type_of default)))))
+                                                {.#End}))])
+                   (.if ("lux i64 =" (~~ (.static ..underflow)) index)
+                     output
+                     (again ("lux i64 -" 1 index)
+                            {.#Item (.if (..lacks? index array)
+                                      default
+                                      (..item index array))
+                                    output})))))
+          <default> <array>)])))
+
+(`` (def: .public list
+      (template (list <default> <array>)
+        [((.is (.All (_ r w) (.-> (.Maybe r) (..Array' r w) (.List r)))
+               (.function (list default array)
+                 (.case default
+                   {.#Some default}
+                   (~~ (..list|+default default array))
+
+                   {.#None}
+                   (~~ (..list|-default {.#End} array)))))
+          <default> <array>)])))
+
+(def: .public =
+  (template (= <//#=> <left/*> <right/*>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w0 w1) (.-> (.-> r r .Bit) (..Array' r w0) (..Array' r w1) .Bit))
+           (.function (= //#= left/* right/*)
+             (.let [size (..size left/*)]
+               (.and ("lux i64 =" (..size right/*) size)
+                     (.loop (again [index 0])
+                       (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                         (.if (..lacks? index left/*)
+                           (..lacks? index right/*)
+                           (.if (..lacks? index right/*)
+                             .false
+                             (.and (//#= (..item index left/*)
+                                         (..item index right/*))
+                                   (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index)))))
+                         true))))))
+      <//#=> <left/*> <right/*>)]))
+
+(def: .public composite
+  (template (composite <left/*> <right/*>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ a) (.-> (..Array' a .Nothing) (..Array' a .Nothing) (..Array a)))
+           (.function (composite left/* right/*)
+             (.let [|left| (..size left/*)
+                    |right| (..size right/*)]
+               (.|> (..empty ("lux i64 +" |left| |right|))
+                    (..copy! |left| 0 left/* 0)
+                    (..copy! |right| 0 right/* |left|)))))
+      <left/*> <right/*>)]))
+
+(def: .public mix
+  (template (mix <$> <init> <it>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r w s)
+             (.-> (.-> Nat r s s) s (..Array' r w) s))
+           (.function (mix $ init it)
+             (.let [size (..size it)]
+               (.loop (again [index 0
+                              so_far init])
+                 (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                   (.if (..lacks? index it)
+                     (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) so_far)
+                     (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index) ($ index (..item index it) so_far)))
+                   so_far)))))
+      <$> <init> <it>)]))
+
+(def: .public each
+  (template (each <$> <input>)
+    [((.is (functor.Functor ..Array)
+           (.function (each $ input)
+             (..mix (.function (_ index item output)
+                      (..has! index ($ item) output))
+                    (..empty (..size input))
+                    input)))
+      <$> <input>)]))
+
+(with_template [<name> <init> <op>]
+  [(def: .public <name>
+     (template (<name> <?> <it>)
+       [((.is (.All (_ r w)
+                (.-> (.-> r .Bit)
+                     (.-> (..Array' r w) .Bit)))
+              (.function (<name> ? it)
+                (.let [size (..size it)]
+                  (.loop (again [index 0])
+                    (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                      (.if (..lacks? index it)
+                        (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))
+                        (<op> (? (..item index it))
+                              (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))))
+                      <init>)))))
+         <?> <it>)]))]
 
   [every? .true  and]
   [any?   .false or]
   )
 
-(template: .public (one <?> <it>)
-  [((.is (.All (_ r r' w)
-           (.-> (.-> r (.Maybe r')) (..Array' r w) (.Maybe r')))
-         (.function (one ? it)
-           (.let [size (..size it)]
-             (.loop (again [index 0])
-               (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
-                 (with_expansions [<again> (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))]
-                   (.if (..lacks? index it)
-                     <again>
-                     (.case (? (..item index it))
-                       {.#None}
+(def: .public one
+  (template (one <?> <it>)
+    [((.is (.All (_ r r' w)
+             (.-> (.-> r (.Maybe r')) (..Array' r w) (.Maybe r')))
+           (.function (one ? it)
+             (.let [size (..size it)]
+               (.loop (again [index 0])
+                 (.if ("lux i64 <" (.int size) (.int index))
+                   (with_expansions [<again> (again ("lux i64 +" 1 index))]
+                     (.if (..lacks? index it)
                        <again>
-
-                       output
-                       output)))
-                 {.#None})))))
-    <?> <it>)])
+                       (.case (? (..item index it))
+                         {.#None}
+                         <again>
+
+                         output
+                         output)))
+                   {.#None})))))
+      <?> <it>)]))
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