From 4b7d81c1e0449adc031ece6299fe4d0a09f66347 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eduardo Julian
Date: Tue, 1 May 2018 00:40:01 -0400
Subject: - WIP: - Initial PHP back-end implementation [missing procedures].

---
 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php.lux      |  17 +-
 .../source/luxc/lang/translation/php/case.jvm.lux  | 257 ++++++++++++
 .../source/luxc/lang/translation/php/eval.jvm.lux  |  14 +-
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/expression.jvm.lux   |  16 +-
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/function.jvm.lux     |  88 ++--
 .../source/luxc/lang/translation/php/loop.jvm.lux  |  36 ++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/primitive.jvm.lux    |  10 +-
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure.jvm.lux    |  30 ++
 .../lang/translation/php/procedure/common.jvm.lux  | 460 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../lang/translation/php/procedure/host.jvm.lux    |  89 ++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/reference.jvm.lux    |  10 +-
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/runtime.jvm.lux      | 279 ++++++-------
 .../luxc/lang/translation/php/structure.jvm.lux    |   4 +-
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux      |   2 +-
 14 files changed, 1087 insertions(+), 225 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/case.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/loop.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/common.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/host.jvm.lux

(limited to 'new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation')

diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php.lux
index 4cfcaaa0f..eeaa95309 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php.lux
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@
 (host.import javax/script/ScriptEngine
   (eval [String] #try Object))
 
-(host.import javax/script/ScriptEngineManager
-  (new [])
-  (getEngineByName [String] ScriptEngine))
+(host.import org/develnext/jphp/scripting/JPHPScriptEngine
+  (new []))
 
 (type: #export Anchor [Text Register])
 
@@ -62,16 +61,15 @@
 
 (def: #export init
   (IO Host)
-  (io (let [interpreter (|> (ScriptEngineManager::new [])
-                            (ScriptEngineManager::getEngineByName ["jphp"]))]
+  (io (let [interpreter (JPHPScriptEngine::new [])]
         {#context ["" +0]
          #anchor #.None
          #loader (function (_ code)
                    (do e.Monad<Error>
-                     [_ (ScriptEngine::eval [(format "<?php " (_.statement code))] interpreter)]
+                     [_ (ScriptEngine::eval [(format "<?php " (_.code code))] interpreter)]
                      (wrap [])))
          #interpreter (function (_ code)
-                        (ScriptEngine::eval [(format "<?php " (_.statement (_.return! code)))] interpreter))
+                        (ScriptEngine::eval [(format "<?php " (_.code (_.return! code)))] interpreter))
          #module-buffer #.None
          #program-buffer (StringBuilder::new [])})))
 
@@ -168,8 +166,7 @@
        (let [runner (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ <field>))]
          (case (runner code)
            (#e.Error error)
-           (exec (log! (:! Text code))
-             ((lang.throw Cannot-Execute error) compiler))
+           ((lang.throw Cannot-Execute error) compiler)
            
            (#e.Success output)
            (#e.Success [compiler output])))))]
@@ -192,7 +189,7 @@
   (-> Statement (Meta Unit))
   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
     [module-buffer module-buffer
-     #let [_ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence (_.statement code))]
+     #let [_ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence (_.code code))]
                                  module-buffer)]]
     (load! code)))
 
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/case.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/case.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0868811e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/case.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [number]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List> Fold<List>]
+                   [set #+ Set]))
+       [macro #+ "meta/" Monad<Meta>]
+       (macro [code]))
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Register Variable]
+              ["ls" synthesis #+ Synthesis Path]
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Statement Except Var])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" primitive]
+      [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-let translate register valueS bodyS)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Register Synthesis Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     bodyO (translate bodyS)
+     #let [@register (referenceT.variable register)]]
+    (wrap (|> bodyO
+              (list (_.set!' @register valueO))
+              _.array/*
+              (_.nth (_.int 1))))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-record-get translate valueS pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Synthesis (List [Nat Bool])
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)]
+    (wrap (list/fold (function (_ [idx tail?] source)
+                       (let [method (if tail?
+                                      runtimeT.product//right
+                                      runtimeT.product//left)]
+                         (method source (_.int (:! Int idx)))))
+                     valueO
+                     pathP))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-if testO thenO elseO)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (_.? testO thenO elseO))
+
+(def: @savepoint (_.var "pm_cursor_savepoint"))
+(def: @cursor (_.var "pm_cursor"))
+
+(def: (push-cursor! value)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (_.do! (_.array-push/2 @cursor value)))
+
+(def: save-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (_.do! (_.array-push/2 @savepoint (_.array-slice/2 @cursor (_.int 0)))))
+
+(def: restore-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (_.set! @cursor (_.array-pop/1 @savepoint)))
+
+(def: cursor-top
+  Expression
+  (_.nth (|> @cursor _.count/1 (_.- (_.int 1)))
+         @cursor))
+
+(def: pop-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (_.do! (_.array-pop/1 @cursor)))
+
+(def: pm-error (_.string "PM-ERROR"))
+
+(def: php-exception (_.global "Exception"))
+
+(def: (new-Exception error)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (_.new php-exception (list error)))
+
+(def: fail-pm! (_.throw! (new-Exception pm-error)))
+
+(def: @temp (_.var "temp"))
+
+(exception: #export (Unrecognized-Path {message Text})
+  message)
+
+(def: @alt-error (_.var "alt_error"))
+
+(def: (pm-catch! handler!)
+  (-> Statement Except)
+  {#_.class php-exception
+   #_.exception @alt-error
+   #_.handler (_.if! (|> @alt-error (_.send "getMessage" (list)) (_.= pm-error))
+                     handler!
+                     (_.throw! @alt-error))})
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching' translate pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Path (Meta Statement))
+  (case pathP
+    (^code ("lux case exec" (~ bodyS)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [bodyO (translate bodyS)]
+      (wrap (_.return! bodyO)))
+
+    (^code ("lux case pop"))
+    (meta/wrap pop-cursor!)
+
+    (^code ("lux case bind" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)])))
+    (meta/wrap (_.set! (referenceT.variable register) cursor-top))
+
+    (^template [<tag> <format>]
+      [_ (<tag> value)]
+      (meta/wrap (_.when! (_.not (_.= (|> value <format>) cursor-top))
+                          fail-pm!)))
+    ([#.Nat  (<| _.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Int  _.int]
+     [#.Deg  (<| _.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Bool _.bool]
+     [#.Frac _.float]
+     [#.Text _.string])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <getter>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap (push-cursor! (<getter> cursor-top (_.int (:! Int idx))))))
+    (["lux case tuple left" runtimeT.product//left]
+     ["lux case tuple right" runtimeT.product//right])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <flag>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap (|> (_.set! @temp (runtimeT.sum//get cursor-top (_.int (:! Int idx)) <flag>))
+                     (_.then! (_.if! (_.is-null/1 @temp)
+                                     fail-pm!
+                                     (push-cursor! @temp))))))
+    (["lux case variant left"  _.null]
+     ["lux case variant right" (_.string "")])
+
+    (^code ("lux case seq" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap (|> leftO
+                (_.then! rightO))))
+
+    (^code ("lux case alt" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap (_.try! (|> save-cursor!
+                        (_.then! leftO))
+                    (list (pm-catch!
+                           (|> restore-cursor!
+                               (_.then! rightO)))))))
+
+    _
+    (lang.throw Unrecognized-Path (%code pathP))
+    ))
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching translate pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Path (Meta Statement))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [pattern-matching (translate-pattern-matching' translate pathP)]
+    (wrap (_.try! pattern-matching
+                  (list (pm-catch!
+                         (_.throw! (new-Exception (_.string "Invalid expression for pattern-matching.")))))))))
+
+(def: (initialize-pattern-matching! stack-init)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (|> (_.set! @cursor (_.array/* (list stack-init)))
+      (_.then! (_.set! @savepoint (_.array/* (list))))))
+
+(def: empty (Set Variable) (set.new number.Hash<Int>))
+
+(type: Storage
+  {#bindings (Set Variable)
+   #dependencies (Set Variable)})
+
+(def: (path-variables pathP)
+  (-> Path Storage)
+  (loop [pathP pathP
+         outer-variables {#bindings empty
+                          #dependencies empty}]
+    ## TODO: Remove (let [outer recur]) once loops can have names.
+    (let [outer recur]
+      (case pathP
+        (^code ("lux case bind" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)])))
+        (update@ #bindings (set.add (nat-to-int register))
+                 outer-variables)
+
+        (^or (^code ("lux case seq" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+             (^code ("lux case alt" (~ leftP) (~ rightP))))
+        (list/fold outer outer-variables (list leftP rightP))
+
+        (^code ("lux case exec" (~ bodyS)))
+        (loop [bodyS bodyS
+               inner-variables outer-variables]
+          ## TODO: Remove (let [inner recur]) once loops can have names.
+          (let [inner recur]
+            (case bodyS
+              (^code ((~ [_ (#.Nat tag)]) (~ [_ (#.Bool last?)]) (~ valueS)))
+              (inner valueS inner-variables)
+
+              (^code [(~+ members)])
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables members)
+
+              (^ [_ (#.Form (list [_ (#.Int var)]))])
+              (if (set.member? (get@ #bindings inner-variables) var)
+                inner-variables
+                (update@ #dependencies (set.add var) inner-variables))
+
+              (^code ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS)))
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables (#.Cons functionS argsS))
+
+              (^code ("lux function" (~ [_ (#.Nat arity)]) [(~+ environment)] (~ bodyS)))
+              (|> environment
+                  (list/map (|>> (list) code.form))
+                  (list/fold inner inner-variables))
+
+              (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
+              (list/fold inner (update@ #bindings (set.add (nat-to-int register))
+                                        inner-variables)
+                         (list inputS exprS))
+
+              (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
+              (|> inner-variables (inner inputS) (outer pathPS))
+
+              (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables argsS)
+
+              _
+              inner-variables)))
+
+        _
+        outer-variables))))
+
+(def: generated-name
+  (-> Text (Meta Text))
+  (|>> macro.gensym
+       (:: macro.Monad<Meta> map (|>> %code lang.normalize-name))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-case translate valueS pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Synthesis Path (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     @case (:: @ map _.global (generated-name "case"))
+     @value (:: @ map _.var (generated-name "value"))
+     #let [@dependencies+ (|> (path-variables pathP)
+                              (get@ #dependencies)
+                              set.to-list
+                              (list/map referenceT.local))]
+     pattern-matching! (translate-pattern-matching translate pathP)
+     _ (//.save (_.function! @case (|> (list& @value @dependencies+)
+                                       (list/map _.parameter))
+                             (|> (initialize-pattern-matching! @value)
+                                 (_.then! pattern-matching!))))]
+    (wrap (_.apply (list& valueO @dependencies+) @case))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/eval.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/eval.jvm.lux
index ba9220f57..c6ff1a880 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/eval.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/eval.jvm.lux
@@ -128,20 +128,12 @@
     (let [interpreter (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! //.Host) (get@ #//.interpreter))]
       (case (interpreter code)
         (#e.Error error)
-        (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
-                            "<< " (_.expression code) "\n"
-                            error))
-          ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler))
+        ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler)
 
         (#e.Success output)
         (case (lux-object output)
           (#e.Success parsed-output)
-          (exec ## (log! (format "eval #e.Success\n"
-            ##               "<< " (_.expression code)))
-            (#e.Success [compiler parsed-output]))
+          (#e.Success [compiler parsed-output])
 
           (#e.Error error)
-          (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
-                              "<< " (_.expression code) "\n"
-                              error))
-            ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler)))))))
+          ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/expression.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/expression.jvm.lux
index abcc22187..43497c93e 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/expression.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/expression.jvm.lux
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
       [".T" structure]
       [".T" reference]
       [".T" function]
-      ## [".T" case]
-      ## [".T" procedure]
+      [".T" case]
+      [".T" procedure]
       ))
 
 (do-template [<name>]
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
     [_ (#.Symbol definition)]
     (referenceT.translate-definition definition)
 
-    ## (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
-    ## (caseT.translate-let translate register inputS exprS)
+    (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
+    (caseT.translate-let translate register inputS exprS)
 
-    ## (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
-    ## (caseT.translate-case translate inputS pathPS)
+    (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
+    (caseT.translate-case translate inputS pathPS)
 
     (^code ("lux function" (~ [_ (#.Nat arity)]) [(~+ environment)] (~ bodyS)))
     (case (s.run environment (p.some s.int))
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
     (^code ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS)))
     (functionT.translate-apply translate functionS argsS)
 
-    ## (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
-    ## (procedureT.translate-procedure translate procedure argsS)
+    (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
+    (procedureT.translate-procedure translate procedure argsS)
     ## (do macro.Monad<Meta>
     ##   [translation (extensionL.find-translation procedure)]
     ##   (translation argsS))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/function.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/function.jvm.lux
index 7d0baa4d5..9a283439f 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/function.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/function.jvm.lux
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
   (luxc ["&" lang]
         (lang ["ls" synthesis #+ Synthesis Arity]
               [".L" variable #+ Register Variable]
-              (host ["_" php #+ Expression GExpression CExpression Statement])))
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Var Computation Statement])))
   [//]
   (// [".T" reference]))
 
 (def: #export (translate-apply translate functionS argsS+)
-  (-> //.Translator Synthesis (List Synthesis) (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> //.Translator Synthesis (List Synthesis) (Meta Computation))
   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
     [functionO (translate functionS)
      argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
@@ -29,53 +29,61 @@
           (_.nth (|> register nat-to-int _.int)
                  @curried)))
 
-(def: (with-closure @function inits function-definition!)
-  (-> GExpression (List Expression) Statement (Meta Expression))
-  (case inits
-    #.Nil
-    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-      [_ (//.save function-definition!)]
-      (wrap @function))
+(def: (with-closure function-name inits function-definition!)
+  (-> Text (List Expression) (-> (List Var) Statement) (Meta Expression))
+  (let [@function (_.var function-name)]
+    (case inits
+      #.Nil
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [_ (//.save (function-definition! (list)))]
+        (wrap @function))
 
-    _
-    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-      []
-      (wrap (_.apply inits
-                     (_.function (|> (list.enumerate inits)
-                                     (list/map (|>> product.left referenceT.closure)))
-                       (|> function-definition!
-                           (_.then! (_.return! @function)))))))))
+      _
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [#let [closure-name (format function-name "___CLOSURE")
+               @closure (_.global (format function-name "___CLOSURE"))
+               captured (|> (list.enumerate inits) (list/map (|>> product.left referenceT.closure)))]
+         _ (//.save (_.function! @closure (list/map _.parameter captured)
+                                 (|> (function-definition! captured)
+                                     (_.then! (_.return! @function)))))]
+        (wrap (_.apply inits @closure))))))
 
 (def: #export (translate-function translate env arity bodyS)
   (-> //.Translator (List Variable) Arity Synthesis (Meta Expression))
   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-    [[function-name bodyO] (//.with-sub-context
-                             (do @
-                               [function-name //.context]
-                               (//.with-anchor [function-name +1]
-                                 (translate bodyS))))
+    [[base-function-name bodyO] (//.with-sub-context
+                                  (do @
+                                    [function-name //.context]
+                                    (//.with-anchor [function-name +1]
+                                      (translate bodyS))))
+     current-module-name macro.current-module-name
+     #let [function-name (format current-module-name "___" base-function-name)]
      closureO+ (monad.map @ referenceT.translate-variable env)
-     #let [@function (_.global function-name)
+     #let [@function (_.var function-name)
            self-init! (_.set! (referenceT.variable +0) @function)
            args-inits! (|> (list.n/range +0 (n/dec arity))
                            (list/map input-declaration!)
                            (list/fold _.then! self-init!))
            arityO (|> arity nat-to-int _.int)
            @num_args (_.var "num_args")]]
-    (with-closure @function closureO+
-      (_.function! @function (list)
-                   (|> (_.set! @num_args _.func-num-args/0)
-                       (_.then! (_.set! @curried _.func-get-args/0))
-                       (_.then! (_.if! (|> @num_args (_.= arityO))
-                                       (|> args-inits!
-                                           (_.then! (_.return! bodyO)))
-                                       (_.if! (|> @num_args (_.> arityO))
-                                              (let [arity-args (_.array-slice/3 @curried (_.int 0) arityO)
-                                                    output-func-args (_.array-slice/2 @curried arityO)]
-                                                (_.return! (_.call-user-func-array/2 (_.call-user-func-array/2 @function arity-args)
-                                                                                     output-func-args)))
-                                              (let [@missing (_.var "missing")]
-                                                (_.return! (_.function (list)
-                                                             (|> (_.set! @missing _.func-get-args/0)
-                                                                 (_.then! (_.return! (_.call-user-func-array/2 @function
-                                                                                                               (_.array-merge/+ @curried (list @missing)))))))))))))))))
+    (with-closure function-name closureO+
+      (function (_ captured)
+        (_.set! @function
+                (_.function (list) (|> captured
+                                       (list/map _.reference)
+                                       (list& (_.reference @function)))
+                  (|> (_.set! @num_args _.func-num-args/0)
+                      (_.then! (_.set! @curried _.func-get-args/0))
+                      (_.then! (_.if! (|> @num_args (_.= arityO))
+                                      (|> args-inits!
+                                          (_.then! (_.return! bodyO)))
+                                      (_.if! (|> @num_args (_.> arityO))
+                                             (let [arity-args (_.array-slice/3 @curried (_.int 0) arityO)
+                                                   output-func-args (_.array-slice/2 @curried arityO)]
+                                               (_.return! (_.call-user-func-array/2 (_.call-user-func-array/2 @function arity-args)
+                                                                                    output-func-args)))
+                                             (let [@missing (_.var "missing")]
+                                               (_.return! (_.function (list) (list (_.reference @function) (_.reference @curried))
+                                                            (|> (_.set! @missing _.func-get-args/0)
+                                                                (_.then! (_.return! (_.call-user-func-array/2 @function
+                                                                                                              (_.array-merge/+ @curried (list @missing)))))))))))))))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/loop.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/loop.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a5b40261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/loop.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" reference]))
+
+## (def: #export (translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+##   (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat (List ls.Synthesis) ls.Synthesis
+##       (Meta Expression))
+##   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##     [loop-name (|> (macro.gensym "loop")
+##                    (:: @ map (|>> %code lang.normalize-name)))
+##      initsO+ (monad.map @ translate initsS+)
+##      bodyO (//.with-anchor [loop-name offset]
+##              (translate bodyS))
+##      #let [$loop-name (python.var loop-name)
+##            @loop-name (@@ $loop-name)]
+##      _ (//.save (python.def! $loop-name (|> (list.n/range +0 (n/dec (list.size initsS+)))
+##                                             (list/map (|>> (n/+ offset) referenceT.variable)))
+##                              (python.return! bodyO)))]
+##     (wrap (python.apply initsO+ @loop-name))))
+
+## (def: #export (translate-recur translate argsS+)
+##   (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) (List ls.Synthesis)
+##       (Meta Expression))
+##   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##     [[loop-name offset] //.anchor
+##      argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##     (wrap (python.apply argsO+ (python.global loop-name)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/primitive.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/primitive.jvm.lux
index 61570143b..6fcd675ce 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/primitive.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/primitive.jvm.lux
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 (.module:
   lux
   (lux [macro "meta/" Monad<Meta>])
-  (luxc (lang (host ["_" php #+ CExpression]))))
+  (luxc (lang (host ["_" php #+ Computation]))))
 
 (def: #export translate-bool
-  (-> Bool (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> Bool (Meta Computation))
   (|>> _.bool meta/wrap))
 
 (def: #export translate-int
-  (-> Int (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> Int (Meta Computation))
   (|>> _.int meta/wrap))
 
 (def: #export translate-frac
-  (-> Frac (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> Frac (Meta Computation))
   (|>> _.float meta/wrap))
 
 (def: #export translate-text
-  (-> Text (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> Text (Meta Computation))
   (|>> _.string meta/wrap))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9748167ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [maybe]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [dict])))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (/ ["/." common]
+     ["/." host]))
+
+(exception: #export (Unknown-Procedure {message Text})
+  message)
+
+(def: procedures
+  /common.Bundle
+  (|> /common.procedures
+      (dict.merge /host.procedures)))
+
+(def: #export (translate-procedure translate name args)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Text (List ls.Synthesis)
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (<| (maybe.default (&.throw Unknown-Procedure (%t name)))
+      (do maybe.Monad<Maybe>
+        [proc (dict.get name procedures)]
+        (wrap (proc translate args)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/common.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..384a88056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                ["p" parser])
+       (data ["e" error]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             [number]
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro #+ with-gensyms]
+       (macro [code]
+              ["s" syntax #+ syntax:])
+       [host])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime]
+       [".T" case]
+       [".T" function]
+       [".T" loop]))
+
+## [Types]
+(type: #export Translator
+  (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Proc
+  (-> Translator (List ls.Synthesis) (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Bundle
+  (Dict Text Proc))
+
+(syntax: (Vector [size s.nat] elemT)
+  (wrap (list (` [(~+ (list.repeat size elemT))]))))
+
+(type: #export Nullary (-> (Vector +0 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Unary   (-> (Vector +1 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Binary  (-> (Vector +2 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Trinary (-> (Vector +3 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Variadic (-> (List Expression) Expression))
+
+## [Utils]
+(def: #export (install name unnamed)
+  (-> Text (-> Text Proc)
+      (-> Bundle Bundle))
+  (dict.put name (unnamed name)))
+
+(def: #export (prefix prefix bundle)
+  (-> Text Bundle Bundle)
+  (|> bundle
+      dict.entries
+      (list/map (function (_ [key val]) [(format prefix " " key) val]))
+      (dict.from-list text.Hash<Text>)))
+
+(def: (wrong-arity proc expected actual)
+  (-> Text Nat Nat Text)
+  (format "Wrong number of arguments for " (%t proc) "\n"
+          "Expected: " (|> expected nat-to-int %i) "\n"
+          "  Actual: " (|> actual nat-to-int %i)))
+
+(syntax: (arity: [name s.local-symbol] [arity s.nat])
+  (with-gensyms [g!_ g!proc g!name g!translate g!inputs]
+    (do @
+      [g!input+ (monad.seq @ (list.repeat arity (macro.gensym "input")))]
+      (wrap (list (` (def: #export ((~ (code.local-symbol name)) (~ g!proc))
+                       (-> (-> (..Vector (~ (code.nat arity)) Expression) Expression)
+                           (-> Text ..Proc))
+                       (function ((~ g!_) (~ g!name))
+                         (function ((~ g!_) (~ g!translate) (~ g!inputs))
+                           (case (~ g!inputs)
+                             (^ (list (~+ g!input+)))
+                             (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+                               [(~+ (|> g!input+
+                                        (list/map (function (_ g!input)
+                                                    (list g!input (` ((~ g!translate) (~ g!input))))))
+                                        list.concat))]
+                               ((~' wrap) ((~ g!proc) [(~+ g!input+)])))
+
+                             (~' _)
+                             (macro.fail (wrong-arity (~ g!name) +1 (list.size (~ g!inputs))))))))))))))
+
+(arity: nullary +0)
+(arity: unary +1)
+(arity: binary +2)
+(arity: trinary +3)
+
+(def: #export (variadic proc)
+  (-> Variadic (-> Text Proc))
+  (function (_ proc-name)
+    (function (_ translate inputsS)
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [inputsI (monad.map @ translate inputsS)]
+        (wrap (proc inputsI))))))
+
+## [Procedures]
+## ## [[Lux]]
+## (def: (lux//is [leftO rightO])
+##   Binary
+##   (_.is leftO rightO))
+
+## (def: (lux//if [testO thenO elseO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (caseT.translate-if testO thenO elseO))
+
+## (def: (lux//try riskyO)
+##   Unary
+##   (runtimeT.lux//try riskyO))
+
+## (def: (lux//noop valueO)
+##   Unary
+##   valueO)
+
+## (exception: #export (Wrong-Syntax {message Text})
+##   message)
+
+## (def: #export (wrong-syntax procedure args)
+##   (-> Text (List ls.Synthesis) Text)
+##   (format "Procedure: " procedure "\n"
+##           "Arguments: " (%code (code.tuple args))))
+
+## (def: lux//loop
+##   (-> Text Proc)
+##   (function (_ proc-name)
+##     (function (_ translate inputsS)
+##       (case (s.run inputsS ($_ p.seq s.nat (s.tuple (p.many s.any)) s.any))
+##         (#e.Success [offset initsS+ bodyS])
+##         (loopT.translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+
+##         (#e.Error error)
+##         (&.throw Wrong-Syntax (wrong-syntax proc-name inputsS)))
+##       )))
+
+## (def: lux//recur
+##   (-> Text Proc)
+##   (function (_ proc-name)
+##     (function (_ translate inputsS)
+##       (loopT.translate-recur translate inputsS))))
+
+## (def: lux-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##       (install "noop" (unary lux//noop))
+##       (install "is" (binary lux//is))
+##       (install "try" (unary lux//try))
+##       (install "if" (trinary lux//if))
+##       (install "loop" lux//loop)
+##       (install "recur" lux//recur)
+##       ))
+
+## ## [[Bits]]
+## (do-template [<name> <op>]
+##   [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+##      Binary
+##      (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+##   [bit//and _.bit-and]
+##   [bit//or  _.bit-or]
+##   [bit//xor _.bit-xor]
+##   )
+
+## (def: (bit//shift-left [subjectO paramO])
+##   Binary
+##   (|> (_.bit-shl paramO subjectO)
+##       runtimeT.bit//64))
+
+## (do-template [<name> <op>]
+##   [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+##      Binary
+##      (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+##   [bit//shift-right          _.bit-shr]
+##   [bit//unsigned-shift-right runtimeT.bit//shift-right]
+##   )
+
+## (def: bit-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "bit")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "count" (unary runtimeT.bit//count))
+##           (install "and" (binary bit//and))
+##           (install "or" (binary bit//or))
+##           (install "xor" (binary bit//xor))
+##           (install "shift-left" (binary bit//shift-left))
+##           (install "unsigned-shift-right" (binary bit//unsigned-shift-right))
+##           (install "shift-right" (binary bit//shift-right))
+##           )))
+
+## ## [[Arrays]]
+## (def: (array//new sizeO)
+##   Unary
+##   (|> _.none
+##       list _.list
+##       (_.* sizeO)))
+
+## (def: (array//get [arrayO idxO])
+##   Binary
+##   (runtimeT.array//get arrayO idxO))
+
+## (def: (array//put [arrayO idxO elemO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO elemO))
+
+## (def: (array//remove [arrayO idxO])
+##   Binary
+##   (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO _.none))
+
+## (def: array-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "array")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "new" (unary array//new))
+##           (install "get" (binary array//get))
+##           (install "put" (trinary array//put))
+##           (install "remove" (binary array//remove))
+##           (install "size" (unary _.length))
+##           )))
+
+## ## [[Numbers]]
+## (host.import java/lang/Double
+##   (#static MIN_VALUE Double)
+##   (#static MAX_VALUE Double))
+
+## (do-template [<name> <const> <encode>]
+##   [(def: (<name> _)
+##      Nullary
+##      (<encode> <const>))]
+
+##   [frac//smallest          Double::MIN_VALUE            _.float]
+##   [frac//min               (f/* -1.0 Double::MAX_VALUE) _.float]
+##   [frac//max               Double::MAX_VALUE            _.float]
+##   )
+
+(do-template [<name> <expression>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     <expression>)]
+
+  [int//min (|> (_.int -2) (_.** (_.int 63)))]
+  [int//max (|> (_.int 2) (_.** (_.int 63)) (_.- (_.int 1)))]
+  )
+
+## (do-template [<name> <label>]
+##   [(def: (<name> _)
+##      Nullary
+##      (_.apply (list (_.string <label>)) (_.global "float")))]
+
+##   [frac//not-a-number      "nan"]
+##   [frac//positive-infinity "inf"]
+##   [frac//negative-infinity "-inf"]
+##   )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (|> subjectO
+         (<op> paramO)))]
+
+  [int//+        _.+]
+  [int//-        _.-]
+  [int//*        _.*]
+  [int///        _./]
+  [int//%        _.%]
+  )
+
+## (do-template [<name> <op>]
+##   [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+##      Binary
+##      (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+##   [frac//+ _.+]
+##   [frac//- _.-]
+##   [frac//* _.*]
+##   [frac/// _./]
+##   [frac//% _.%]
+##   [frac//=   _.=]
+##   [frac//<   _.<]
+
+##   [text//=   _.=]
+##   [text//<   _.<]
+##   )
+
+(do-template [<name> <cmp>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<cmp> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [int//= _.=]
+  [int//< _.<]
+  )
+
+(def: int-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "int")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary int//+))
+          (install "-" (binary int//-))
+          (install "*" (binary int//*))
+          (install "/" (binary int///))
+          (install "%" (binary int//%))
+          (install "=" (binary int//=))
+          (install "<" (binary int//<))
+          (install "min" (nullary int//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary int//max))
+          (install "to-frac" (unary _.floatval/1)))))
+
+## (def: frac-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "frac")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "+" (binary frac//+))
+##           (install "-" (binary frac//-))
+##           (install "*" (binary frac//*))
+##           (install "/" (binary frac///))
+##           (install "%" (binary frac//%))
+##           (install "=" (binary frac//=))
+##           (install "<" (binary frac//<))
+##           (install "smallest" (nullary frac//smallest))
+##           (install "min" (nullary frac//min))
+##           (install "max" (nullary frac//max))
+##           (install "not-a-number" (nullary frac//not-a-number))
+##           (install "positive-infinity" (nullary frac//positive-infinity))
+##           (install "negative-infinity" (nullary frac//negative-infinity))
+##           (install "to-int" (unary (apply1 (_.global "int"))))
+##           (install "encode" (unary (apply1 (_.global "repr"))))
+##           (install "decode" (unary runtimeT.frac//decode)))))
+
+## ## [[Text]]
+## (def: (text//concat [subjectO paramO])
+##   Binary
+##   (|> subjectO (_.+ paramO)))
+
+## (def: (text//char [subjectO paramO])
+##   Binary
+##   (runtimeT.text//char subjectO paramO))
+
+## (def: (text//replace-all [subjectO paramO extraO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (_.send (list paramO extraO) "replace" subjectO))
+
+## (def: (text//replace-once [subjectO paramO extraO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (_.send (list paramO extraO (_.int 1)) "replace" subjectO))
+
+## (def: (text//clip [subjectO paramO extraO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.text//clip subjectO paramO extraO))
+
+## (def: (text//index [textO partO startO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.text//index textO partO startO))
+
+## (def: text-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "text")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "=" (binary text//=))
+##           (install "<" (binary text//<))
+##           (install "concat" (binary text//concat))
+##           (install "index" (trinary text//index))
+##           (install "size" (unary (apply1 (_.global "len"))))
+##           (install "hash" (unary (apply1 (_.global "hash"))))
+##           (install "replace-once" (trinary text//replace-once))
+##           (install "replace-all" (trinary text//replace-all))
+##           (install "char" (binary text//char))
+##           (install "clip" (trinary text//clip))
+##           (install "upper" (unary (send0 "upper")))
+##           (install "lower" (unary (send0 "lower")))
+##           )))
+
+## ## [[Math]]
+## (def: (math//pow [subject param])
+##   Binary
+##   (|> subject (_.** param)))
+
+## (def: math-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "math")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "cos" (unary runtimeT.math//cos))
+##           (install "sin" (unary runtimeT.math//sin))
+##           (install "tan" (unary runtimeT.math//tan))
+##           (install "acos" (unary runtimeT.math//acos))
+##           (install "asin" (unary runtimeT.math//asin))
+##           (install "atan" (unary runtimeT.math//atan))
+##           (install "exp" (unary runtimeT.math//exp))
+##           (install "log" (unary runtimeT.math//log))
+##           (install "ceil" (unary runtimeT.math//ceil))
+##           (install "floor" (unary runtimeT.math//floor))
+##           (install "pow" (binary math//pow))
+##           )))
+
+## ## [[IO]]
+## (def: io-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "io")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "log" (unary runtimeT.io//log!))
+##           (install "error" (unary runtimeT.io//throw!))
+##           (install "exit" (unary runtimeT.io//exit!))
+##           (install "current-time" (nullary (function (_ _)
+##                                              (runtimeT.io//current-time! runtimeT.unit)))))))
+
+## ## [[Atoms]]
+## (def: atom//new
+##   Unary
+##   (|>> [(_.string runtimeT.atom//field)] (list) _.dict))
+
+## (def: atom//read
+##   Unary
+##   (_.nth (_.string runtimeT.atom//field)))
+
+## (def: (atom//compare-and-swap [atomO oldO newO])
+##   Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.atom//compare-and-swap atomO oldO newO))
+
+## (def: atom-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "atom")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "new" (unary atom//new))
+##           (install "read" (unary atom//read))
+##           (install "compare-and-swap" (trinary atom//compare-and-swap)))))
+
+## ## [[Processes]]
+## (def: (process//concurrency-level [])
+##   Nullary
+##   (_.int 1))
+
+## (def: (process//schedule [milli-secondsO procedureO])
+##   Binary
+##   (runtimeT.process//schedule milli-secondsO procedureO))
+
+## (def: process-procs
+##   Bundle
+##   (<| (prefix "process")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (install "concurrency-level" (nullary process//concurrency-level))
+##           (install "future" (unary runtimeT.process//future))
+##           (install "schedule" (binary process//schedule))
+##           )))
+
+## [Bundles]
+(def: #export procedures
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "lux")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          ## lux-procs
+          ## (dict.merge bit-procs)
+          (dict.merge int-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge frac-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge text-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge array-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge math-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge io-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge atom-procs)
+          ## (dict.merge process-procs)
+          )))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/host.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/host.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1b43da2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/procedure/host.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro "macro/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime])
+  (// ["@" common]))
+
+## (do-template [<name> <lua>]
+##   [(def: (<name> _) @.Nullary <lua>)]
+
+##   [lua//nil      "nil"]
+##   [lua//table    "{}"]
+##   )
+
+## (def: (lua//global proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list [_ (#.Text name)]))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       []
+##       (wrap name))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (lua//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& functionS argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [functionO (translate functionS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.apply functionO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: lua-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##       (@.install "nil" (@.nullary lua//nil))
+##       (@.install "table" (@.nullary lua//table))
+##       (@.install "global" lua//global)
+##       (@.install "call" lua//call)))
+
+## (def: (table//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& tableS [_ (#.Text field)] argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [tableO (translate tableS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.method field tableO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (table//get [fieldO tableO])
+##   @.Binary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//get tableO fieldO))
+
+## (def: (table//set [fieldO valueO tableO])
+##   @.Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//set tableO fieldO valueO))
+
+## (def: table-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (<| (@.prefix "table")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (@.install "call" table//call)
+##           (@.install "get" (@.binary table//get))
+##           (@.install "set" (@.trinary table//set)))))
+
+(def: #export procedures
+  @.Bundle
+  (<| (@.prefix "lua")
+      (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+      ## (|> lua-procs
+      ##     (dict.merge table-procs))
+      ))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/reference.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/reference.jvm.lux
index 280710afc..9146684e4 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/reference.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/reference.jvm.lux
@@ -5,31 +5,31 @@
              text/format))
   (luxc ["&" lang]
         (lang [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
-              (host ["_" php #+ VExpression])))
+              (host ["_" php #+ Var])))
   [//]
   (// [".T" runtime]))
 
 (do-template [<register> <prefix>]
   [(def: #export <register>
-     (-> Register VExpression)
+     (-> Register Var)
      (|>> (:! Int) %i (format <prefix>) _.var))]
 
   [closure  "c"]
   [variable "v"])
 
 (def: #export (local var)
-  (-> Variable VExpression)
+  (-> Variable Var)
   (if (variableL.captured? var)
     (closure (variableL.captured-register var))
     (variable (:! Nat var))))
 
 (def: #export global
-  (-> Ident VExpression)
+  (-> Ident Var)
   (|>> //.definition-name _.var))
 
 (do-template [<name> <input> <converter>]
   [(def: #export <name>
-     (-> <input> (Meta VExpression))
+     (-> <input> (Meta Var))
      (|>> <converter> (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap)))]
 
   [translate-variable   Variable local]
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/runtime.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/runtime.jvm.lux
index d2f5cd2a2..fe02cf2fc 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/runtime.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/runtime.jvm.lux
@@ -10,92 +10,91 @@
        [io #+ Process])
   [//]
   (luxc [lang]
-        (lang (host ["_" php #+ Expression CExpression Statement]))))
+        (lang (host ["_" php #+ Expression Computation Statement]))))
 
 (def: prefix Text "LuxRuntime")
 
-(def: #export unit CExpression (_.string //.unit))
+(def: #export unit Computation (_.string //.unit))
 
 (def: (flag value)
-  (-> Bool CExpression)
+  (-> Bool Computation)
   (if value
     (_.string "")
     _.null))
 
 (def: (variant' tag last? value)
-  (-> Expression Expression Expression CExpression)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Computation)
   (_.array/** (list [(_.string //.variant-tag-field) tag]
                     [(_.string //.variant-flag-field) last?]
                     [(_.string //.variant-value-field) value])))
 
 (def: #export (variant tag last? value)
-  (-> Nat Bool Expression CExpression)
+  (-> Nat Bool Expression Computation)
   (variant' (_.int (nat-to-int tag))
             (flag last?)
             value))
 
 (def: #export none
-  CExpression
+  Computation
   (variant +0 false unit))
 
 (def: #export some
-  (-> Expression CExpression)
+  (-> Expression Computation)
   (variant +1 true))
 
 (def: #export left
-  (-> Expression CExpression)
+  (-> Expression Computation)
   (variant +0 false))
 
 (def: #export right
-  (-> Expression CExpression)
+  (-> Expression Computation)
   (variant +1 true))
 
 (type: Runtime Statement)
 
-## (def: declaration
-##   (s.Syntax [Text (List Text)])
-##   (p.either (p.seq s.local-symbol (p/wrap (list)))
-##             (s.form (p.seq s.local-symbol (p.some s.local-symbol)))))
-
-## (syntax: (runtime: [[name args] declaration]
-##            definition)
-##   (let [implementation (code.local-symbol (format "@@" name))
-##         runtime (format "__" prefix "__" (lang.normalize-name name))
-##         $runtime (` (_.var (~ (code.text runtime))))
-##         @runtime (` (@@ (~ $runtime)))
-##         argsC+ (list/map code.local-symbol args)
-##         argsLC+ (list/map (|>> lang.normalize-name code.text (~) (_.var) (`))
-##                           args)
-##         declaration (` ((~ (code.local-symbol name))
-##                         (~+ argsC+)))
-##         type (` (-> (~+ (list.repeat (list.size argsC+) (` _.Expression)))
-##                     _.CExpression))]
-##     (wrap (list (` (def: (~' #export) (~ declaration)
-##                      (~ type)
-##                      (_.apply (list (~+ argsC+)) (~ @runtime))))
-##                 (` (def: (~ implementation)
-##                      _.Statement
-##                      (~ (case argsC+
-##                           #.Nil
-##                           (` (_.set! (list (~ $runtime)) (~ definition)))
-
-##                           _
-##                           (` (let [(~+ (|> (list.zip2 argsC+ argsLC+)
-##                                            (list/map (function (_ [left right])
-##                                                        (list left (` (@@ (~ right))))))
-##                                            list/join))]
-##                                (_.def! (~ $runtime)
-##                                        (list (~+ argsLC+))
-##                                        (~ definition))))))))))))
-
-## (syntax: (with-vars [vars (s.tuple (p.many s.local-symbol))]
-##            body)
-##   (wrap (list (` (let [(~+ (|> vars
-##                                (list/map (function (_ var)
-##                                            (list (code.local-symbol var)
-##                                                  (` (_.var (~ (code.text (lang.normalize-name var))))))))
-##                                list/join))]
-##                    (~ body))))))
+(def: declaration
+  (s.Syntax [Text (List Text)])
+  (p.either (p.seq s.local-symbol (p/wrap (list)))
+            (s.form (p.seq s.local-symbol (p.some s.local-symbol)))))
+
+(syntax: (runtime: [[name args] declaration]
+           definition)
+  (let [implementation (code.local-symbol (format "@@" name))
+        runtime (format "__" prefix "__" (lang.normalize-name name))
+        @runtime (` (_.global (~ (code.text runtime))))
+        argsC+ (list/map code.local-symbol args)
+        argsLC+ (list/map (|>> lang.normalize-name code.text (~) (_.var) (`))
+                          args)
+        declaration (` ((~ (code.local-symbol name))
+                        (~+ argsC+)))
+        type (` (-> (~+ (list.repeat (list.size argsC+) (` _.Expression)))
+                    _.Computation))]
+    (wrap (list (` (def: (~' #export) (~ declaration)
+                     (~ type)
+                     (_.apply (list (~+ argsC+)) (~ @runtime))))
+                (` (def: (~ implementation)
+                     _.Statement
+                     (~ (case argsC+
+                          #.Nil
+                          (` (_.define! (~ @runtime) (~ definition)))
+
+                          _
+                          (` (let [(~+ (|> (list.zip2 argsC+ argsLC+)
+                                           (list/map (function (_ [left right])
+                                                       (list left right)))
+                                           list/join))]
+                               (_.function! (~ @runtime)
+                                            ((~! list/map) _.parameter (list (~+ argsLC+)))
+                                            (~ definition))))))))))))
+
+(syntax: (with-vars [vars (s.tuple (p.many s.local-symbol))]
+           body)
+  (wrap (list (` (let [(~+ (|> vars
+                               (list/map (function (_ var)
+                                           (list (code.local-symbol var)
+                                                 (` (_.var (~ (code.text (lang.normalize-name var))))))))
+                               list/join))]
+                   (~ body))))))
 
 ## (runtime: (lux//try op)
 ##   (let [$error (_.var "error")
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@
 ##       (_.return! ..unit)))
 
 ## (def: (exception message)
-##   (-> Expression CExpression)
+##   (-> Expression Computation)
 ##   (_.apply (list message) (_.global "Exception")))
 
 ## (runtime: (io//throw! message)
@@ -158,67 +157,64 @@
 ##       @@io//exit!
 ##       @@io//current-time!))
 
-## (runtime: (product//left product index)
-##   (let [$index_min_length (_.var "index_min_length")]
-##     ($_ _.then!
-##         (_.set! (list $index_min_length) (_.+ (_.int 1) index))
-##         (_.if! (_.> (@@ $index_min_length) (_.length product))
-##                ## No need for recursion
-##                (_.return! (_.nth index product))
-##                ## Needs recursion
-##                (_.return! (product//left (_.nth (_.- (_.int 1)
-##                                                      (_.length product))
-##                                                 product)
-##                                          (_.- (_.length product)
-##                                               (@@ $index_min_length))))))))
-
-## (runtime: (product//right product index)
-##   (let [$index_min_length (_.var "index_min_length")]
-##     ($_ _.then!
-##         (_.set! (list $index_min_length) (_.+ (_.int 1) index))
-##         (_.cond! (list [(_.= (@@ $index_min_length) (_.length product))
-##                         ## Last element.
-##                         (_.return! (_.nth index product))]
-##                        [(_.< (@@ $index_min_length) (_.length product))
-##                         ## Needs recursion
-##                         (_.return! (product//right (_.nth (_.- (_.int 1)
-##                                                                (_.length product))
-##                                                           product)
-##                                                    (_.- (_.length product)
-##                                                         (@@ $index_min_length))))])
-##                  ## Must slice
-##                  (_.return! (_.slice-from index product))))))
-
-## (runtime: (sum//get sum wantedTag wantsLast)
-##   (let [no-match! (_.return! _.none)
-##         sum-tag (_.nth (_.string //.variant-tag-field) sum)
-##         sum-flag (_.nth (_.string //.variant-flag-field) sum)
-##         sum-value (_.nth (_.string //.variant-value-field) sum)
-##         is-last? (_.= (_.string "") sum-flag)
-##         test-recursion! (_.if! is-last?
-##                                ## Must recurse.
-##                                (_.return! (sum//get sum-value (_.- sum-tag wantedTag) wantsLast))
-##                                no-match!)]
-##     (_.cond! (list [(_.= sum-tag wantedTag)
-##                     (_.if! (_.= wantsLast sum-flag)
-##                            (_.return! sum-value)
-##                            test-recursion!)]
-
-##                    [(_.> sum-tag wantedTag)
-##                     test-recursion!]
-
-##                    [(_.and (_.< sum-tag wantedTag)
-##                            (_.= (_.string "") wantsLast))
-##                     (_.return! (variant' (_.- wantedTag sum-tag) sum-flag sum-value))])
-
-##              no-match!)))
-
-## (def: runtime//adt
-##   Runtime
-##   ($_ _.then!
-##       @@product//left
-##       @@product//right
-##       @@sum//get))
+(runtime: (product//left product index)
+  (let [$index_min_length (_.var "index_min_length")]
+    (|> (_.set! $index_min_length (_.+ (_.int 1) index))
+        (_.then! (_.if! (_.> $index_min_length (_.count/1 product))
+                        ## No need for recursion
+                        (_.return! (_.nth index product))
+                        ## Needs recursion
+                        (_.return! (product//left (_.nth (_.- (_.int 1)
+                                                              (_.count/1 product))
+                                                         product)
+                                                  (_.- (_.count/1 product)
+                                                       $index_min_length))))))))
+
+(runtime: (product//right product index)
+  (let [$index_min_length (_.var "index_min_length")]
+    (|> (_.set! $index_min_length (_.+ (_.int 1) index))
+        (_.then! (<| (_.if! (_.= $index_min_length (_.count/1 product))
+                            ## Last element.
+                            (_.return! (_.nth index product)))
+                     (_.if! (_.< $index_min_length (_.count/1 product))
+                            ## Needs recursion
+                            (_.return! (product//right (_.nth (_.- (_.int 1)
+                                                                   (_.count/1 product))
+                                                              product)
+                                                       (_.- (_.count/1 product)
+                                                            $index_min_length))))
+                     ## Must slice
+                     (_.return! (_.array-slice/2 product index)))))))
+
+(runtime: (sum//get sum wantedTag wantsLast)
+  (let [no-match! (_.return! _.null)
+        sum-tag (_.nth (_.string //.variant-tag-field) sum)
+        sum-flag (_.nth (_.string //.variant-flag-field) sum)
+        sum-value (_.nth (_.string //.variant-value-field) sum)
+        is-last? (_.= (_.string "") sum-flag)
+        test-recursion! (_.if! is-last?
+                               ## Must recurse.
+                               (_.return! (sum//get sum-value (_.- sum-tag wantedTag) wantsLast))
+                               no-match!)]
+    (<| (_.if! (_.= sum-tag wantedTag)
+               (_.if! (|> (_.and (_.is-null/1 wantsLast) (_.is-null/1 sum-flag))
+                          (_.or (|> (_.and (_.not (_.is-null/1 wantsLast))
+                                           (_.not (_.is-null/1 sum-flag)))
+                                    (_.and (_.= wantsLast sum-flag)))))
+                      (_.return! sum-value)
+                      test-recursion!))
+        (_.if! (_.> sum-tag wantedTag)
+               test-recursion!)
+        (_.if! (|> (_.< sum-tag wantedTag)
+                   (_.and (_.not (_.is-null/1 wantsLast))))
+               (_.return! (variant' (_.- wantedTag sum-tag) sum-flag sum-value)))
+        no-match!)))
+
+(def: runtime//adt
+  Runtime
+  (|> @@product//left
+      (_.then! @@product//right)
+      (_.then! @@sum//get)))
 
 ## (def: full-32-bits (_.code "0xFFFFFFFF"))
 
@@ -292,7 +288,7 @@
 ## (runtime: (text//clip @text @from @to)
 ##   (with-vars [length]
 ##     ($_ _.then!
-##         (_.set! (list length) (_.length @text))
+##         (_.set! (list length) (_.count/1 @text))
 ##         (_.if! ($_ _.and
 ##                    (|> @to (within? (@@ length)))
 ##                    (|> @from (up-to? @to)))
@@ -300,7 +296,7 @@
 ##                (_.return! ..none)))))
 
 ## (runtime: (text//char text idx)
-##   (_.if! (|> idx (within? (_.length text)))
+##   (_.if! (|> idx (within? (_.count/1 text)))
 ##          (_.return! (..some (_.apply (list (|> text (_.slice idx (inc idx))))
 ##                                      (_.global "ord"))))
 ##          (_.return! ..none)))
@@ -314,7 +310,7 @@
 
 ## (def: (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx body!)
 ##   (-> Expression Expression Statement Statement)
-##   (_.if! (|> idx (_.<= (_.length array)))
+##   (_.if! (|> idx (_.<= (_.count/1 array)))
 ##          body!
 ##          (_.raise! (exception (_.string "Array index out of bounds!")))))
 
@@ -323,7 +319,7 @@
 ##     (<| (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx)
 ##         ($_ _.then!
 ##             (_.set! (list temp) (_.nth idx array))
-##             (_.if! (_.= _.none (@@ temp))
+##             (_.if! (_.= _.null (@@ temp))
 ##                    (_.return! ..none)
 ##                    (_.return! (..some (@@ temp))))))))
 
@@ -354,16 +350,6 @@
 ##   ($_ _.then!
 ##       @@atom//compare-and-swap))
 
-## (runtime: (box//write value box)
-##   ($_ _.then!
-##       (_.set-nth! (_.int 0) value box)
-##       (_.return! ..unit)))
-
-## (def: runtime//box
-##   Runtime
-##   ($_ _.then!
-##       @@box//write))
-
 ## (runtime: (process//future procedure)
 ##   ($_ _.then!
 ##       (_.import! "threading")
@@ -420,22 +406,29 @@
 ##       @@math//ceil
 ##       @@math//floor))
 
+(def: check-necessary-conditions!
+  Statement
+  (let [condition (_.= (_.int 8)
+                       (_.global "PHP_INT_SIZE"))
+        error-message (_.string (format "Cannot run program!" "\n"
+                                        "Lux/PHP programs require 64-bit PHP builds!"))
+        ->Exception (|>> (list) (_.new (_.global "Exception")))]
+    (_.when! (_.not condition)
+             (_.throw! (->Exception error-message)))))
+
 (def: runtime
   Runtime
-  (_.echo! (_.string "Hello, world!"))
-  ## ($_ _.then!
-  ##     runtime//lux
-  ##     runtime//adt
-  ##     runtime//bit
-  ##     runtime//text
-  ##     runtime//array
-  ##     runtime//atom
-  ##     runtime//box
-  ##     runtime//io
-  ##     runtime//process
-  ##     runtime//math
-  ##     )
-  )
+  (|> check-necessary-conditions!
+      ## runtime//lux
+      (_.then! runtime//adt)
+      ## runtime//bit
+      ## runtime//text
+      ## runtime//array
+      ## runtime//atom
+      ## runtime//io
+      ## runtime//process
+      ## runtime//math
+      ))
 
 (def: #export artifact Text (format prefix //.extension))
 
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/structure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/structure.jvm.lux
index 6e44f3973..a92340e92 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/structure.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/php/structure.jvm.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
        [macro])
   (luxc ["&" lang]
         (lang [synthesis #+ Synthesis]
-              (host ["_" php #+ Expression CExpression])))
+              (host ["_" php #+ Expression Computation])))
   [//]
   (// [".T" runtime]))
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
       (wrap (_.array/* elemsT+)))))
 
 (def: #export (translate-variant translate tag tail? valueS)
-  (-> //.Translator Nat Bool Synthesis (Meta CExpression))
+  (-> //.Translator Nat Bool Synthesis (Meta Computation))
   (do macro.Monad<Meta>
     [valueT (translate valueS)]
     (wrap (runtimeT.variant tag tail? valueT))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
index 6e5935297..6769103d9 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 
 (def: (new-Exception error)
   (-> Expression Expression)
-  (python.apply (list pm-error) (python.global "Exception")))
+  (python.apply (list error) (python.global "Exception")))
 
 (def: fail-pm! (python.raise! (new-Exception pm-error)))
 
-- 
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