From 787fc34a8f7c66746046a8ce0c16403cf6c2bf6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eduardo Julian
Date: Wed, 4 Apr 2018 00:56:16 -0400
Subject: - Initial Python back-end implementation.

---
 new-luxc/project.clj                               |   3 +-
 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host.jvm.lux             |   2 +-
 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/python.lux          | 340 ++++++++++++
 .../lang/translation/jvm/procedure/common.jvm.lux  |   1 -
 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python.lux   | 208 ++++++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux      | 265 ++++++++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/eval.jvm.lux      | 146 ++++++
 .../lang/translation/python/expression.jvm.lux     |  82 +++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/function.jvm.lux  |  99 ++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/loop.jvm.lux      |  36 ++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/primitive.jvm.lux |  28 +
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure.jvm.lux |  28 +
 .../translation/python/procedure/common.jvm.lux    | 572 ++++++++++++++++++++
 .../lang/translation/python/procedure/host.jvm.lux |  89 ++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/reference.jvm.lux |  42 ++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/runtime.jvm.lux   | 583 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/statement.jvm.lux |  48 ++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/python/structure.jvm.lux |  31 ++
 .../luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux   |   6 +-
 new-luxc/test/test/luxc/common.lux                 |  62 ++-
 new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/case.lux  |  78 +--
 .../test/test/luxc/lang/translation/common.lux     | 247 +++------
 .../test/test/luxc/lang/translation/function.lux   | 103 ++--
 .../test/test/luxc/lang/translation/primitive.lux  |  16 +-
 .../test/test/luxc/lang/translation/reference.lux  | 126 ++---
 .../test/test/luxc/lang/translation/structure.lux  |   4 +
 26 files changed, 2837 insertions(+), 408 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/python.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/eval.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/expression.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/function.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/loop.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/primitive.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/common.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/host.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/reference.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/runtime.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/statement.jvm.lux
 create mode 100644 new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/structure.jvm.lux

diff --git a/new-luxc/project.clj b/new-luxc/project.clj
index b35dc7c1a..73c42b472 100644
--- a/new-luxc/project.clj
+++ b/new-luxc/project.clj
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
                  [net.sandius.rembulan/rembulan-runtime "0.1-SNAPSHOT"]
                  [net.sandius.rembulan/rembulan-stdlib "0.1-SNAPSHOT"]
                  [net.sandius.rembulan/rembulan-compiler "0.1-SNAPSHOT"]
-                 [org.jruby/jruby-complete "9.1.16.0"]]
+                 [org.jruby/jruby-complete "9.1.16.0"]
+                 [org.python/jython-standalone "2.7.1"]]
   
   :source-paths ["source"]
   :test-paths ["test"]
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host.jvm.lux
index f22bf3302..58b79cfa4 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host.jvm.lux
@@ -183,4 +183,4 @@
 (def: #export runtime-class Text "LuxRuntime")
 (def: #export function-class Text "LuxFunction")
 (def: #export runnable-class Text "LuxRunnable")
-(def: #export unit Text "\u0000")
+(def: #export unit Text "")
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/python.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/python.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..335d418a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/host/python.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+(.module:
+  [lux #- not or and list if is]
+  (lux (control pipe)
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             [number]
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List> Fold<List>]))
+       (type abstract)))
+
+(abstract: #export Single {} Unit)
+(abstract: #export Poly {} Unit)
+(abstract: #export Keyword {} Unit)
+
+(abstract: #export (Var kind)
+  {}
+
+  Text
+
+  (def: name (All [k] (-> (Var k) Text)) (|>> @representation))
+
+  (def: #export var (-> Text (Var Single)) (|>> @abstraction))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <kind> <prefix>]
+    [(def: #export <name>
+       (-> (Var Single) (Var <kind>))
+       (|>> @representation (format <prefix>) @abstraction))]
+
+    [poly    Poly    "*"]
+    [keyword Keyword "**"]
+    )
+  )
+
+(type: #export SVar (Var Single))
+(type: #export PVar (Var Poly))
+(type: #export KVar (Var Keyword))
+
+(abstract: #export Expression
+  {}
+  
+  Text
+
+  (def: #export expression (-> Expression Text) (|>> @representation))
+
+  (def: #export code (-> Text Expression) (|>> @abstraction))
+
+  (def: #export none
+    Expression
+    (@abstraction "None"))
+
+  (def: #export bool
+    (-> Bool Expression)
+    (|>> (case> true "True"
+                false "False")
+         @abstraction))
+
+  (def: #export int
+    (-> Int Expression)
+    (|>> %i @abstraction))
+
+  (def: #export float
+    (-> Frac Expression)
+    (|>> (cond> [(f/= number.positive-infinity)]
+                [(new> "float(\"inf\")")]
+                
+                [(f/= number.negative-infinity)]
+                [(new> "float(\"-inf\")")]
+                
+                [(f/= number.not-a-number)]
+                [(new> "float(\"nan\")")]
+                
+                ## else
+                [%f])
+         @abstraction))
+
+  (def: #export string
+    (-> Text Expression)
+    (|>> %t @abstraction))
+
+  (def: (composite-literal left-delimiter right-delimiter entry-serializer)
+    (All [a] (-> Text Text (-> a Text)
+                 (-> (List a) Expression)))
+    (function [entries]
+      (@abstraction (format "(" left-delimiter
+                            (|> entries (list/map entry-serializer) (text.join-with ","))
+                            right-delimiter ")"))))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <pre> <post>]
+    [(def: #export <name>
+       (-> (List Expression) Expression)
+       (composite-literal <pre> <post> expression))]
+
+    [tuple "(" ")"]
+    [list  "[" "]"]
+    )
+  
+  (def: #export (slice from to list)
+    (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation list)
+                          "[" (@representation from) ":" (@representation to) "]"
+                          ")")))
+
+  (def: #export (slice-from from list)
+    (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation list)
+                          "[" (@representation from) ":]"
+                          ")")))
+
+  (def: #export dict
+    (-> (List [Expression Expression]) Expression)
+    (composite-literal "{" "}" (.function [[k v]] (format (@representation k) " : " (@representation v)))))
+
+  (def: #export (apply args func)
+    (-> (List Expression) Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation func)
+                          "(" (text.join-with "," (list/map expression args)) ")"
+                          ")")))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <kind> <prefix>]
+    [(def: (<name> var)
+       (-> Expression Text)
+       (format <prefix> (@representation var)))]
+
+    [splat-poly    Poly    "*"]
+    [splat-keyword Keyword "**"]
+    )
+
+  (do-template [<name> <splat>]
+    [(def: #export (<name> args extra func)
+       (-> (List Expression) Expression Expression Expression)
+       (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation func)
+                             (format "(" (|> args
+                                             (list/map (function [arg] (format (@representation arg) ", ")))
+                                             (text.join-with ""))
+                                     (<splat> extra) ")")
+                             ")")))]
+
+    [apply-poly    splat-poly]
+    [apply-keyword splat-keyword]
+    )
+
+  (def: #export (field name object)
+    (-> Text Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation object) "." name ")")))
+
+  (def: #export (send args method object)
+    (-> (List Expression) Text Expression Expression)
+    (|> object (field method) (apply args)))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <apply>]
+    [(def: #export (<name> args extra method)
+       (-> (List Expression) Expression Text
+           (-> Expression Expression))
+       (|>> (field method) (<apply> args extra)))]
+
+    [send-poly    apply-poly]
+    [send-keyword apply-keyword]
+    )
+
+  (def: #export (nth idx array)
+    (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation array) "[" (@representation idx) "])")))
+
+  (def: #export (if test then else)
+    (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation then)
+                          " if " (@representation test)
+                          " else " (@representation else)
+                          ")")))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <op>]
+    [(def: #export (<name> param subject)
+       (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+       (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation subject)
+                             " " <op> " "
+                             (@representation param) ")")))]
+
+    [is      "is"]
+    [=       "=="]
+    [<       "<"]
+    [<=      "<="]
+    [>       ">"]
+    [>=      ">="]
+    [+       "+"]
+    [-       "-"]
+    [*       "*"]
+    [/       "/"]
+    [%       "%"]
+    [**      "**"]
+    [bit-or  "|"]
+    [bit-and "&"]
+    [bit-xor "^"]
+    [bit-shl "<<"]
+    [bit-shr ">>"]
+    )
+
+  (do-template [<name> <op>]
+    [(def: #export (<name> param subject)
+       (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+       (@abstraction (format "(" (@representation param)
+                             " " <op> " "
+                             (@representation subject) ")")))]
+
+    [or      "or"]
+    [and     "and"]
+    )
+
+  (def: #export (not subject)
+    (-> Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(not " (@representation subject) ")")))
+
+  (def: #export (@@ var)
+    (All [k] (-> (Var k) Expression))
+    (@abstraction (format "(" (..name var) ")")))
+
+  (def: #export (lambda arguments body)
+    (-> (List (Ex [k] (Var k))) Expression Expression)
+    (@abstraction (format "(" "lambda " (|> arguments (list/map ..name) (text.join-with ", ")) ": "
+                          (@representation body) ")")))
+
+  (def: #export global
+    (-> Text Expression)
+    (|>> var @@))
+
+  (def: #export (length sequence)
+    (-> Expression Expression)
+    (apply (.list sequence) (global "len")))
+  )
+
+(abstract: #export Statement
+  {}
+  
+  Text
+
+  (def: #export statement (-> Statement Text) (|>> @representation))
+
+  (def: nest
+    (-> Statement Text)
+    (|>> @representation
+         (format "\n")
+         (text.replace-all "\n" "\n  ")))
+
+  (def: #export (set-nth! idx value array)
+    (-> Expression Expression Expression Statement)
+    (@abstraction (format (expression array) "[" (expression idx) "] = " (expression value))))
+
+  (def: #export (set! vars value)
+    (-> (List (Var Single)) Expression Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format (|> vars (list/map ..name) (text.join-with ", "))
+             " = "
+             (expression value))))
+
+  (def: #export (if! test then! else!)
+    (-> Expression Statement Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "if " (expression test) ":"
+             (nest then!)
+             "\n" "else:"
+             (nest else!))))
+
+  (def: #export (when! test then!)
+    (-> Expression Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "if " (expression test) ":"
+             (nest then!))))
+
+  (def: #export (cond! clauses else!)
+    (-> (List [Expression Statement]) Statement Statement)
+    (list/fold (.function [[test then!] next!]
+                 (if! test then! next!))
+               else!
+               (list.reverse clauses)))
+
+  (def: #export (then! pre! post!)
+    (-> Statement Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format (@representation pre!)
+             "\n"
+             (@representation post!))))
+
+  (def: #export (while! test body!)
+    (-> Expression Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "while " (expression test) ":"
+             (nest body!))))
+
+  (def: #export (for-in! var inputs body!)
+    (-> SVar Expression Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "for " (..name var) " in " (expression inputs) ":"
+             (nest body!))))
+
+  (def: #export (do! expression)
+    (-> Expression Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format (..expression expression) ";")))
+
+  (def: #export no-op!
+    Statement
+    (@abstraction "\n"))
+
+  (type: #export Except
+    {#classes (List Text)
+     #exception SVar
+     #handler Statement})
+  
+  (def: #export (try! body! excepts)
+    (-> Statement (List Except) Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "try:"
+             (nest body!)
+             (|> excepts
+                 (list/map (function [[classes exception catch!]]
+                             (format "\n" "except (" (text.join-with "," classes)
+                                     ") as " (..name exception) ":"
+                                     (nest catch!))))
+                 (text.join-with "")))))
+
+  (do-template [<name> <keyword>]
+    [(def: #export (<name> message)
+       (-> Expression Statement)
+       (@abstraction
+        (format <keyword> " " (expression message))))]
+
+    [raise!  "raise"]
+    [return! "return"]
+    [print!  "print"]
+    )
+  
+  (def: #export (def! name args body)
+    (-> (Var Single) (List (Ex [k] (Var k))) Statement Statement)
+    (@abstraction
+     (format "def " (..name name)
+             "(" (|> args (list/map ..name) (text.join-with ",")) "):"
+             (nest body))))
+
+  (def: #export (import! module-name)
+    (-> Text Statement)
+    (@abstraction (format "import " module-name)))
+  )
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/jvm/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/jvm/procedure/common.jvm.lux
index 422d9da1d..abd2d49c8 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/jvm/procedure/common.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/jvm/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -381,7 +381,6 @@
 
   [text//size  "java.lang.String" "length"      lux-intI $t.int]
   [text//hash  "java.lang.Object" "hashCode"    lux-intI $t.int]
-  [text//trim  "java.lang.String" "trim"        id       $String]
   [text//upper "java.lang.String" "toUpperCase" id       $String]
   [text//lower "java.lang.String" "toLowerCase" id       $String]
   )
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7304ea560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                pipe
+                [monad #+ do])
+       (data [bit]
+             [maybe]
+             ["e" error #+ Error]
+             [text "text/" Eq<Text>]
+             text/format
+             (coll [array]))
+       [macro]
+       [io #+ IO Process io]
+       [host #+ class: interface: object]
+       (world [file #+ File]))
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Register]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement]))
+        [".C" io]))
+
+(host.import java/lang/Object)
+
+(host.import java/lang/String
+  (getBytes [String] #try (Array byte)))
+
+(host.import java/lang/CharSequence)
+
+(host.import java/lang/Appendable
+  (append [CharSequence] Appendable))
+
+(host.import java/lang/StringBuilder
+  (new [])
+  (toString [] String))
+
+(host.import org/python/core/PyObject)
+
+(host.import org/python/util/PythonInterpreter
+  (new [])
+  (exec [String] void)
+  (eval [String] PyObject))
+
+(type: #export Anchor [Text Register])
+
+(type: #export Host
+  {#context [Text Nat]
+   #anchor (Maybe Anchor)
+   #loader (-> Statement (Error Unit))
+   #interpreter (-> Expression (Error PyObject))
+   #module-buffer (Maybe StringBuilder)
+   #program-buffer StringBuilder})
+
+(def: #export init
+  (IO Host)
+  (io (let [interpreter (PythonInterpreter::new [])]
+        {#context ["" +0]
+         #anchor #.None
+         #loader (function [code]
+                   ("lux try" (io (PythonInterpreter::exec [(python.statement code)] interpreter))))
+         #interpreter (function [code]
+                        ("lux try" (io (PythonInterpreter::eval [(python.expression code)] interpreter))))
+         #module-buffer #.None
+         #program-buffer (StringBuilder::new [])})))
+
+(def: #export python-module-name Text "module.py")
+
+(def: #export init-module-buffer
+  (Meta Unit)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                          (|>> (:! Host)
+                               (set@ #module-buffer (#.Some (StringBuilder::new [])))
+                               (:! Void))
+                          compiler)
+                 []])))
+
+(exception: #export No-Active-Module-Buffer)
+(exception: #export Cannot-Execute)
+
+(def: #export (with-sub-context expr)
+  (All [a] (-> (Meta a) (Meta [Text a])))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [old (:! Host (get@ #.host compiler))
+          [old-name old-sub] (get@ #context old)
+          new-name (format old-name "___" (%i (nat-to-int old-sub)))]
+      (case (expr (set@ #.host
+                        (:! Void (set@ #context [new-name +0] old))
+                        compiler))
+        (#e.Success [compiler' output])
+        (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                              (|>> (:! Host)
+                                   (set@ #context [old-name (n/inc old-sub)])
+                                   (:! Void))
+                              compiler')
+                     [new-name output]])
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (#e.Error error)))))
+
+(def: #export context
+  (Meta Text)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [compiler
+                 (|> (get@ #.host compiler)
+                     (:! Host)
+                     (get@ #context)
+                     (let> [name sub]
+                           name))])))
+
+(def: #export (with-anchor anchor expr)
+  (All [a] (-> Anchor (Meta a) (Meta a)))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [old (:! Host (get@ #.host compiler))]
+      (case (expr (set@ #.host
+                        (:! Void (set@ #anchor (#.Some anchor) old))
+                        compiler))
+        (#e.Success [compiler' output])
+        (#e.Success [(update@ #.host
+                              (|>> (:! Host)
+                                   (set@ #anchor (get@ #anchor old))
+                                   (:! Void))
+                              compiler')
+                     output])
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (#e.Error error)))))
+
+(exception: #export No-Anchor)
+
+(def: #export anchor
+  (Meta Anchor)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (case (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #anchor))
+      (#.Some anchor)
+      (#e.Success [compiler anchor])
+
+      #.None
+      ((lang.throw No-Anchor "") compiler))))
+
+(def: #export module-buffer
+  (Meta StringBuilder)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (case (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #module-buffer))
+      #.None
+      ((lang.fail (No-Active-Module-Buffer "")) compiler)
+      
+      (#.Some module-buffer)
+      (#e.Success [compiler module-buffer]))))
+
+(def: #export program-buffer
+  (Meta StringBuilder)
+  (function [compiler]
+    (#e.Success [compiler (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ #program-buffer))])))
+
+(do-template [<name> <field> <inputT> <outputT>]
+  [(def: (<name> code)
+     (-> <inputT> (Meta <outputT>))
+     (function [compiler]
+       (let [runner (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! Host) (get@ <field>))]
+         (case (runner code)
+           (#e.Error error)
+           ((lang.fail (Cannot-Execute error)) compiler)
+           
+           (#e.Success output)
+           (#e.Success [compiler output])))))]
+
+  [load!     #loader      Statement  Unit]
+  [interpret #interpreter Expression PyObject]
+  )
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Member)
+
+(def: #export variant-tag-field "_lux_tag")
+(def: #export variant-flag-field "_lux_flag")
+(def: #export variant-value-field "_lux_value")
+
+(def: #export unit Text "")
+
+(def: #export (definition-name [module name])
+  (-> Ident Text)
+  (lang.normalize-name (format module "$" name)))
+
+(do-template [<name> <eval> <un-wrap> <inputT> <outputT>]
+  [(def: #export (<name> code)
+     (-> <inputT> (Meta <outputT>))
+     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+       [module-buffer module-buffer
+        #let [_ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence (<un-wrap> code))]
+                                    module-buffer)]]
+       (<eval> code)))]
+
+  [save load!     python.statement  Statement  Unit]
+  [run  interpret python.expression Expression PyObject]
+  )
+
+(def: #export (save-module! target)
+  (-> File (Meta (Process Unit)))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [module macro.current-module-name
+     module-buffer module-buffer
+     program-buffer program-buffer
+     #let [module-code (StringBuilder::toString [] module-buffer)
+           _ (Appendable::append [(:! CharSequence (format module-code "\n"))]
+                                 program-buffer)]]
+    (wrap (ioC.write target
+                     (format (lang.normalize-name module) "/" python-module-name)
+                     (|> module-code
+                         (String::getBytes ["UTF-8"])
+                         e.assume)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2218c1994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/case.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [number]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List> Fold<List>]
+                   [set #+ Set]))
+       [macro #+ "meta/" Monad<Meta>]
+       (macro [code]))
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Register Variable]
+              ["ls" synthesis #+ Synthesis Path]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement Except SVar @@])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" primitive]
+      [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-let translate register valueS bodyS)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Register Synthesis Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     bodyO (translate bodyS)
+     #let [$register (referenceT.variable register)]]
+    (wrap (|> bodyO
+              (python.lambda (list $register))
+              (python.apply (list valueO))))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-record-get translate valueS pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Synthesis (List [Nat Bool])
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)]
+    (wrap (list/fold (function [[idx tail?] source]
+                       (let [method (if tail?
+                                      runtimeT.product//right
+                                      runtimeT.product//left)]
+                         (method source (python.int (:! Int idx)))))
+                     valueO
+                     pathP))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-if testO thenO elseO)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (python.if testO thenO elseO))
+
+(def: $savepoint (python.var "pm_cursor_savepoint"))
+(def: $cursor (python.var "pm_cursor"))
+
+(def: (push-cursor! value)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  (python.do!
+   (python.send (list value)
+                "append" (@@ $cursor))))
+
+(def: save-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (python.do!
+   (python.send (list (python.slice-from (python.int 0) (@@ $cursor)))
+                "append" (@@ $savepoint))))
+
+(def: restore-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (python.set! (list $cursor)
+               (python.send (list) "pop" (@@ $savepoint))))
+
+(def: cursor-top
+  Expression
+  (python.nth (python.int -1) (@@ $cursor)))
+
+(def: pop-cursor!
+  Statement
+  (python.do!
+   (python.send (list) "pop" (@@ $cursor))))
+
+(def: pm-error (python.string "PM-ERROR"))
+
+(def: (new-Exception error)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (python.apply (list pm-error) (python.global "Exception")))
+
+(def: fail-pm! (python.raise! (new-Exception pm-error)))
+
+(def: $temp (python.var "temp"))
+
+(exception: #export Unrecognized-Path)
+
+(def: $alt_error (python.var "alt_error"))
+
+(def: (pm-catch! handler!)
+  (-> Statement Except)
+  [(list "Exception") $alt_error
+   (python.if! (python.= pm-error (python.apply (list (@@ $alt_error)) (python.global "str")))
+               handler!
+               (python.raise! (@@ $alt_error)))])
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching' translate pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Path (Meta Statement))
+  (case pathP
+    (^code ("lux case exec" (~ bodyS)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [bodyO (translate bodyS)]
+      (wrap (python.return! bodyO)))
+
+    (^code ("lux case pop"))
+    (meta/wrap pop-cursor!)
+
+    (^code ("lux case bind" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)])))
+    (meta/wrap (python.set! (list (referenceT.variable register)) cursor-top))
+
+    (^template [<tag> <format>]
+      [_ (<tag> value)]
+      (meta/wrap (python.when! (python.not (python.= (|> value <format>) cursor-top))
+                               fail-pm!)))
+    ([#.Nat  (<| python.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Int  python.int]
+     [#.Deg  (<| python.int (:! Int))]
+     [#.Bool python.bool]
+     [#.Frac python.float]
+     [#.Text python.string])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <getter>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap (push-cursor! (<getter> cursor-top (python.int (:! Int idx))))))
+    (["lux case tuple left" runtimeT.product//left]
+     ["lux case tuple right" runtimeT.product//right])
+
+    (^template [<pm> <flag>]
+      (^code (<pm> (~ [_ (#.Nat idx)])))
+      (meta/wrap ($_ python.then!
+                     (python.set! (list $temp) (runtimeT.sum//get cursor-top (python.int (:! Int idx)) <flag>))
+                     (python.if! (python.not (python.= python.none (@@ $temp)))
+                                 (push-cursor! (@@ $temp))
+                                 fail-pm!))))
+    (["lux case variant left" python.none]
+     ["lux case variant right" (python.string "")])
+
+    (^code ("lux case seq" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap ($_ python.then!
+                leftO
+                rightO)))
+
+    (^code ("lux case alt" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [leftO (translate-pattern-matching' translate leftP)
+       rightO (translate-pattern-matching' translate rightP)]
+      (wrap (python.try! ($_ python.then!
+                             save-cursor!
+                             leftO)
+                         (list (pm-catch!
+                                ($_ python.then!
+                                    restore-cursor!
+                                    rightO))))))
+
+    _
+    (lang.throw Unrecognized-Path (%code pathP))
+    ))
+
+(def: (translate-pattern-matching translate pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Path (Meta Statement))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [pattern-matching (translate-pattern-matching' translate pathP)]
+    (wrap (python.try! pattern-matching
+                       (list (pm-catch!
+                              (python.raise! (new-Exception (python.string "Invalid expression for pattern-matching.")))))))))
+
+(def: (initialize-pattern-matching! stack-init)
+  (-> Expression Statement)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.set! (list $cursor) (python.list (list stack-init)))
+      (python.set! (list $savepoint) (python.list (list)))))
+
+(def: empty (Set Variable) (set.new number.Hash<Int>))
+
+(type: Storage
+  {#bindings (Set Variable)
+   #dependencies (Set Variable)})
+
+(def: (path-variables pathP)
+  (-> Path Storage)
+  (loop [pathP pathP
+         outer-variables {#bindings empty
+                          #dependencies empty}]
+    ## TODO: Remove (let [outer recur]) once loops can have names.
+    (let [outer recur]
+      (case pathP
+        (^code ("lux case bind" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)])))
+        (update@ #bindings (set.add (nat-to-int register))
+                 outer-variables)
+
+        (^or (^code ("lux case seq" (~ leftP) (~ rightP)))
+             (^code ("lux case alt" (~ leftP) (~ rightP))))
+        (list/fold outer outer-variables (list leftP rightP))
+
+        (^code ("lux case exec" (~ bodyS)))
+        (loop [bodyS bodyS
+               inner-variables outer-variables]
+          ## TODO: Remove (let [inner recur]) once loops can have names.
+          (let [inner recur]
+            (case bodyS
+              (^code ((~ [_ (#.Nat tag)]) (~ [_ (#.Bool last?)]) (~ valueS)))
+              (inner valueS inner-variables)
+
+              (^code [(~+ members)])
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables members)
+
+              (^ [_ (#.Form (list [_ (#.Int var)]))])
+              (if (set.member? (get@ #bindings inner-variables) var)
+                inner-variables
+                (update@ #dependencies (set.add var) inner-variables))
+
+              (^code ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS)))
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables (#.Cons functionS argsS))
+
+              (^code ("lux function" (~ [_ (#.Nat arity)]) [(~+ environment)] (~ bodyS)))
+              (|> environment
+                  (list/map (|>> (list) code.form))
+                  (list/fold inner inner-variables))
+
+              (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
+              (list/fold inner (update@ #bindings (set.add (nat-to-int register))
+                                        inner-variables)
+                         (list inputS exprS))
+
+              (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
+              (|> inner-variables (inner inputS) (outer pathPS))
+
+              (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
+              (list/fold inner inner-variables argsS)
+
+              _
+              inner-variables)))
+
+        _
+        outer-variables))))
+
+(def: generated-name
+  (-> Text (Meta SVar))
+  (|>> macro.gensym
+       (:: macro.Monad<Meta> map (|>> %code
+                                      lang.normalize-name
+                                      python.var))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-case translate valueS pathP)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Synthesis Path (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueO (translate valueS)
+     $case (generated-name "case")
+     $value (generated-name "value")
+     #let [$dependencies+ (|> (path-variables pathP)
+                              (get@ #dependencies)
+                              set.to-list
+                              (list/map referenceT.local))
+           @dependencies+ (list/map @@ $dependencies+)]
+     pattern-matching! (translate-pattern-matching translate pathP)
+     _ (//.save (python.def! $case (list& $value $dependencies+)
+                             ($_ python.then!
+                                 (initialize-pattern-matching! (@@ $value))
+                                 pattern-matching!)))]
+    (wrap (python.apply (list& valueO @dependencies+) (@@ $case)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/eval.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/eval.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc6e1a342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/eval.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [bit]
+             [maybe]
+             ["e" error #+ Error]
+             text/format
+             (coll [array]))
+       [host])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang (host [python #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//])
+
+(host.import java/lang/Object
+  (toString [] String)
+  (getClass [] (Class Object)))
+
+(host.import java/lang/Long
+  (intValue [] Integer))
+
+(host.import org/python/core/PyType
+  (getName [] String))
+
+(host.import org/python/core/PyString
+  (new [String]))
+
+(host.import org/python/core/PyObject
+  (asLong [] long)
+  (asDouble [] double)
+  (asString [] String)
+  (__nonzero__ [] boolean)
+  (__getitem__ [int] #try PyObject)
+  (__getitem__ #as __getitem__dict [PyObject] #try PyObject)
+  (__len__ [] int)
+  (getType [] PyType))
+
+(def: (tuple lux-object host-object)
+  (-> (-> PyObject (Error Top)) PyObject (Error Top))
+  (let [size (:! Nat (PyObject::__len__ [] host-object))]
+    (loop [idx +0
+           output (:! (Array Top) (array.new size))]
+      (if (n/< size idx)
+        (case (PyObject::__getitem__ [(:! Int idx)] host-object)
+          (#e.Error error)
+          (#e.Error error)
+          
+          (#e.Success value)
+          (case (lux-object value)
+            (#e.Error error)
+            (#e.Error error)
+
+            (#e.Success lux-value)
+            (recur (n/inc idx) (array.write idx lux-value output))))
+        (#e.Success output)))))
+
+(def: python-type
+  (-> PyObject Text)
+  (|>> (PyObject::getType []) (PyType::getName []) (:! Text)))
+
+(exception: #export Not-A-Variant)
+
+(def: tag-field (PyString::new [//.variant-tag-field]))
+(def: flag-field (PyString::new [//.variant-flag-field]))
+(def: value-field (PyString::new [//.variant-value-field]))
+
+(def: (variant lux-object host-object)
+  (-> (-> PyObject (Error Top)) PyObject (Error Top))
+  (case [(PyObject::__getitem__dict [tag-field] host-object)
+         (PyObject::__getitem__dict [flag-field] host-object)
+         (PyObject::__getitem__dict [value-field] host-object)]
+    (^or [(#e.Error error) _ _] [_ (#e.Error error) _] [_ _ (#e.Error error)])
+    (#e.Error error)
+    
+    (^multi [(#e.Success tag) (#e.Success flag) (#e.Success value)]
+            [(lux-object tag)
+             (#e.Success tag)]
+            [(lux-object value)
+             (#e.Success value)])
+    (#e.Success [(Long::intValue [] (:! Long tag))
+                 (: Top
+                    (case (python-type (:! PyObject flag))
+                      "NoneType"
+                      (host.null)
+
+                      _
+                      ""))
+                 value])
+
+    _
+    (ex.throw Not-A-Variant (Object::toString [] host-object))))
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Kind-Of-Host-Object)
+(exception: #export Null-Has-No-Lux-Representation)
+
+(def: (lux-object host-object)
+  (-> PyObject (Error Top))
+  (case (python-type host-object)
+    "str"
+    (#e.Success (PyObject::asString [] host-object))
+    
+    "bool"
+    (#e.Success (PyObject::__nonzero__ [] host-object))
+
+    "float"
+    (#e.Success (PyObject::asDouble [] host-object))
+
+    (^or "int" "long")
+    (#e.Success (PyObject::asLong [] host-object))
+
+    "tuple"
+    (tuple lux-object host-object)
+
+    "dict"
+    (variant lux-object host-object)
+
+    "NoneType"
+    (#e.Success [])
+    
+    type
+    (ex.throw Unknown-Kind-Of-Host-Object (format type " " (Object::toString [] host-object)))))
+
+(exception: #export Cannot-Evaluate)
+
+(def: #export (eval code)
+  (-> Expression (Meta Top))
+  (function [compiler]
+    (let [interpreter (|> compiler (get@ #.host) (:! //.Host) (get@ #//.interpreter))]
+      (case (interpreter code)
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
+                            "<< " (python.expression code) "\n"
+                            error))
+          ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler))
+
+        (#e.Success output)
+        (case (lux-object output)
+          (#e.Success parsed-output)
+          (exec ## (log! (format "eval #e.Success\n"
+                ##               "<< " (python.expression code)))
+            (#e.Success [compiler parsed-output]))
+
+          (#e.Error error)
+          (exec (log! (format "eval #e.Error\n"
+                              "<< " (python.expression code) "\n"
+                              error))
+            ((lang.throw Cannot-Evaluate error) compiler)))))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/expression.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/expression.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a7497c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/expression.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                ["p" parser])
+       (data ["e" error]
+             text/format)
+       [macro]
+       (macro ["s" syntax]))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
+              [".L" extension]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" primitive]
+      [".T" structure]
+      [".T" function]
+      [".T" reference]
+      [".T" case]
+      [".T" procedure]))
+
+(exception: #export Invalid-Function-Syntax)
+(exception: #export Unrecognized-Synthesis)
+
+(def: #export (translate synthesis)
+  (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+  (case synthesis
+    (^code [])
+    (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap runtimeT.unit)
+
+    (^code [(~ singleton)])
+    (translate singleton)
+
+    (^template [<tag> <generator>]
+      [_ (<tag> value)]
+      (<generator> value))
+    ([#.Bool primitiveT.translate-bool]
+     [#.Nat  primitiveT.translate-nat]
+     [#.Int  primitiveT.translate-int]
+     [#.Deg  primitiveT.translate-deg]
+     [#.Frac primitiveT.translate-frac]
+     [#.Text primitiveT.translate-text])
+
+    (^code ((~ [_ (#.Nat tag)]) (~ [_ (#.Bool last?)]) (~ valueS)))
+    (structureT.translate-variant translate tag last? valueS)
+
+    (^code [(~+ members)])
+    (structureT.translate-tuple translate members)
+
+    (^ [_ (#.Form (list [_ (#.Int var)]))])
+    (referenceT.translate-variable var)
+
+    [_ (#.Symbol definition)]
+    (referenceT.translate-definition definition)
+
+    (^code ("lux let" (~ [_ (#.Nat register)]) (~ inputS) (~ exprS)))
+    (caseT.translate-let translate register inputS exprS)
+
+    (^code ("lux case" (~ inputS) (~ pathPS)))
+    (caseT.translate-case translate inputS pathPS)
+
+    (^code ("lux function" (~ [_ (#.Nat arity)]) [(~+ environment)] (~ bodyS)))
+    (case (s.run environment (p.some s.int))
+      (#e.Success environment)
+      (functionT.translate-function translate environment arity bodyS)
+
+      _
+      (&.throw Invalid-Function-Syntax (%code synthesis)))
+
+    (^code ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS)))
+    (functionT.translate-apply translate functionS argsS)
+
+    (^code ((~ [_ (#.Text procedure)]) (~+ argsS)))
+    (procedureT.translate-procedure translate procedure argsS)
+    ## (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    ##   [translation (extensionL.find-translation procedure)]
+    ##   (translation argsS))
+
+    _
+    (&.throw Unrecognized-Synthesis (%code synthesis))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/function.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/function.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97b936fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/function.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                pipe)
+       (data [product]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List> Fold<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              [".L" variable #+ Variable]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement @@])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-apply translate functionS argsS+)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) ls.Synthesis (List ls.Synthesis) (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [functionO (translate functionS)
+     argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+    (wrap (python.apply argsO+ functionO))))
+
+(def: $curried (python.var "curried"))
+
+(def: (input-declaration register)
+  (python.set! (list (referenceT.variable (n/inc register)))
+               (python.nth (|> register nat-to-int python.int)
+                           (@@ $curried))))
+
+(def: (with-closure function-name inits function-definition)
+  (-> Text (List Expression) Statement (Meta Expression))
+  (let [$closure (python.var (format function-name "___CLOSURE"))]
+    (case inits
+      #.Nil
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [_ (//.save function-definition)]
+        (wrap (python.global function-name)))
+
+      _
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [_ (//.save (python.def! $closure
+                                 (|> (list.enumerate inits)
+                                     (list/map (|>> product.left referenceT.closure)))
+                                 ($_ python.then!
+                                     function-definition
+                                     (python.return! (python.global function-name)))))]
+        (wrap (python.apply inits (@@ $closure)))))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-function translate env arity bodyS)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+      (List Variable) ls.Arity ls.Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [[function-name bodyO] (//.with-sub-context
+                             (do @
+                               [function-name //.context]
+                               (//.with-anchor [function-name +1]
+                                 (translate bodyS))))
+     closureO+ (monad.map @ referenceT.translate-variable env)
+     #let [args-initsO+ (|> (list.n/range +0 (n/dec arity))
+                            (list/map input-declaration)
+                            (case> #.Nil
+                                   python.no-op!
+
+                                   (#.Cons head tail)
+                                   (list/fold python.then! head tail)))
+           arityO (|> arity nat-to-int python.int)
+           @curried (@@ $curried)
+           $num_args (python.var "num_args")
+           @num_args (@@ $num_args)
+           $function (python.var function-name)
+           @function (@@ $function)]]
+    (with-closure function-name closureO+
+      (python.def! $function (list (python.poly $curried))
+                   ($_ python.then!
+                       (let [@len (python.global "len")]
+                         (python.set! (list $num_args) (python.apply (list @curried) @len)))
+                       (python.if! (python.= arityO @num_args)
+                                   ($_ python.then!
+                                       (python.set! (list (referenceT.variable +0)) @function)
+                                       args-initsO+
+                                       (python.while! (python.bool true)
+                                                      (python.return! bodyO)))
+                                   (python.if! (python.> arityO @num_args)
+                                               (let [arity-args (python.slice (python.int 0) arityO @curried)
+                                                     output-func-args (python.slice arityO @num_args @curried)]
+                                                 (python.return! (|> @function
+                                                                     (python.apply-poly (list) arity-args)
+                                                                     (python.apply-poly (list) output-func-args))))
+                                               (let [$next (python.var "next")
+                                                     $missing (python.var "missing")]
+                                                 ($_ python.then!
+                                                     (python.def! $next (list (python.poly $missing))
+                                                                  (python.return! (|> @function
+                                                                                      (python.apply-poly (list) (|> @curried
+                                                                                                                    (python.+ (@@ $missing)))))))
+                                                     (python.return! (@@ $next)))))))))
+    ))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/loop.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/loop.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e490033bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/loop.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]))
+       [macro])
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement @@])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" reference]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat (List ls.Synthesis) ls.Synthesis
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [loop-name (|> (macro.gensym "loop")
+                   (:: @ map (|>> %code lang.normalize-name)))
+     initsO+ (monad.map @ translate initsS+)
+     bodyO (//.with-anchor [loop-name offset]
+             (translate bodyS))
+     #let [$loop-name (python.var loop-name)
+           @loop-name (@@ $loop-name)]
+     _ (//.save (python.def! $loop-name (|> (list.n/range +0 (n/dec (list.size initsS+)))
+                                            (list/map (|>> (n/+ offset) referenceT.variable)))
+                             (python.return! bodyO)))]
+    (wrap (python.apply initsO+ @loop-name))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-recur translate argsS+)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) (List ls.Synthesis)
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [[loop-name offset] //.anchor
+     argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+    (wrap (python.apply argsO+ (python.global loop-name)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/primitive.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/primitive.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b2ba1786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/primitive.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux [macro "meta/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc (lang (host [python #+ Expression Statement]))))
+
+(def: #export translate-bool
+  (-> Bool (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> python.bool meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-int
+  (-> Int (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> python.int meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-nat
+  (-> Nat (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> (:! Int) python.int meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-deg
+  (-> Deg (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> (:! Int) python.int meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-frac
+  (-> Frac (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> python.float meta/wrap))
+
+(def: #export translate-text
+  (-> Text (Meta Expression))
+  (|>> python.string meta/wrap))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a46778503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:])
+       (data [maybe]
+             text/format
+             (coll [dict])))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (/ ["/." common]
+     ["/." host]))
+
+(exception: #export Unknown-Procedure)
+
+(def: procedures
+  /common.Bundle
+  (|> /common.procedures
+      (dict.merge /host.procedures)))
+
+(def: #export (translate-procedure translate name args)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Text (List ls.Synthesis)
+      (Meta Expression))
+  (<| (maybe.default (&.throw Unknown-Procedure (%t name)))
+      (do maybe.Monad<Maybe>
+        [proc (dict.get name procedures)]
+        (wrap (proc translate args)))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/common.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/common.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6205d22a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/common.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do]
+                ["ex" exception #+ exception:]
+                ["p" parser])
+       (data ["e" error]
+             [text]
+             text/format
+             [number]
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro #+ with-gensyms]
+       (macro [code]
+              ["s" syntax #+ syntax:])
+       [host])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime]
+       [".T" case]
+       [".T" function]
+       [".T" loop]))
+
+## [Types]
+(type: #export Translator
+  (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Proc
+  (-> Translator (List ls.Synthesis) (Meta Expression)))
+
+(type: #export Bundle
+  (Dict Text Proc))
+
+(syntax: (Vector [size s.nat] elemT)
+  (wrap (list (` [(~+ (list.repeat size elemT))]))))
+
+(type: #export Nullary (-> (Vector +0 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Unary   (-> (Vector +1 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Binary  (-> (Vector +2 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Trinary (-> (Vector +3 Expression) Expression))
+(type: #export Variadic (-> (List Expression) Expression))
+
+## [Utils]
+(def: #export (install name unnamed)
+  (-> Text (-> Text Proc)
+      (-> Bundle Bundle))
+  (dict.put name (unnamed name)))
+
+(def: #export (prefix prefix bundle)
+  (-> Text Bundle Bundle)
+  (|> bundle
+      dict.entries
+      (list/map (function [[key val]] [(format prefix " " key) val]))
+      (dict.from-list text.Hash<Text>)))
+
+(def: (wrong-arity proc expected actual)
+  (-> Text Nat Nat Text)
+  (format "Wrong number of arguments for " (%t proc) "\n"
+          "Expected: " (|> expected nat-to-int %i) "\n"
+          "  Actual: " (|> actual nat-to-int %i)))
+
+(syntax: (arity: [name s.local-symbol] [arity s.nat])
+  (with-gensyms [g!proc g!name g!translate g!inputs]
+    (do @
+      [g!input+ (monad.seq @ (list.repeat arity (macro.gensym "input")))]
+      (wrap (list (` (def: #export ((~ (code.local-symbol name)) (~ g!proc))
+                       (-> (-> (..Vector (~ (code.nat arity)) Expression) Expression)
+                           (-> Text ..Proc))
+                       (function [(~ g!name)]
+                         (function [(~ g!translate) (~ g!inputs)]
+                           (case (~ g!inputs)
+                             (^ (list (~+ g!input+)))
+                             (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+                               [(~+ (|> g!input+
+                                        (list/map (function [g!input]
+                                                    (list g!input (` ((~ g!translate) (~ g!input))))))
+                                        list.concat))]
+                               ((~' wrap) ((~ g!proc) [(~+ g!input+)])))
+
+                             (~' _)
+                             (macro.fail (wrong-arity (~ g!name) +1 (list.size (~ g!inputs))))))))))))))
+
+(arity: nullary +0)
+(arity: unary +1)
+(arity: binary +2)
+(arity: trinary +3)
+
+(def: #export (variadic proc)
+  (-> Variadic (-> Text Proc))
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+        [inputsI (monad.map @ translate inputsS)]
+        (wrap (proc inputsI))))))
+
+## [Procedures]
+## [[Lux]]
+(def: (lux//is [leftO rightO])
+  Binary
+  (python.is leftO rightO))
+
+(def: (lux//if [testO thenO elseO])
+  Trinary
+  (caseT.translate-if testO thenO elseO))
+
+(def: (lux//try riskyO)
+  Unary
+  (runtimeT.lux//try riskyO))
+
+(def: (lux//noop valueO)
+  Unary
+  valueO)
+
+(exception: #export Wrong-Syntax)
+(def: #export (wrong-syntax procedure args)
+  (-> Text (List ls.Synthesis) Text)
+  (format "Procedure: " procedure "\n"
+          "Arguments: " (%code (code.tuple args))))
+
+(def: lux//loop
+  (-> Text Proc)
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (case (s.run inputsS ($_ p.seq s.nat (s.tuple (p.many s.any)) s.any))
+        (#e.Success [offset initsS+ bodyS])
+        (loopT.translate-loop translate offset initsS+ bodyS)
+
+        (#e.Error error)
+        (&.throw Wrong-Syntax (wrong-syntax proc-name inputsS)))
+      )))
+
+(def: lux//recur
+  (-> Text Proc)
+  (function [proc-name]
+    (function [translate inputsS]
+      (loopT.translate-recur translate inputsS))))
+
+(def: lux-procs
+  Bundle
+  (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+      (install "noop" (unary lux//noop))
+      (install "is" (binary lux//is))
+      (install "try" (unary lux//try))
+      (install "if" (trinary lux//if))
+      (install "loop" lux//loop)
+      (install "recur" lux//recur)
+      ))
+
+## [[Bits]]
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [bit//and python.bit-and]
+  [bit//or  python.bit-or]
+  [bit//xor python.bit-xor]
+  )
+
+(def: (bit//shift-left [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (|> (python.bit-shl paramO subjectO)
+      runtimeT.bit//64))
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [bit//shift-right          python.bit-shr]
+  [bit//unsigned-shift-right runtimeT.bit//shift-right]
+  )
+
+(def: bit-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "bit")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "count" (unary runtimeT.bit//count))
+          (install "and" (binary bit//and))
+          (install "or" (binary bit//or))
+          (install "xor" (binary bit//xor))
+          (install "shift-left" (binary bit//shift-left))
+          (install "unsigned-shift-right" (binary bit//unsigned-shift-right))
+          (install "shift-right" (binary bit//shift-right))
+          )))
+
+## [[Arrays]]
+(def: (array//new sizeO)
+  Unary
+  (|> python.none
+      list python.list
+      (python.* sizeO)))
+
+(def: (array//get [arrayO idxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.array//get arrayO idxO))
+
+(def: (array//put [arrayO idxO elemO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO elemO))
+
+(def: (array//remove [arrayO idxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.array//put arrayO idxO python.none))
+
+(def: array-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "array")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary array//new))
+          (install "get" (binary array//get))
+          (install "put" (trinary array//put))
+          (install "remove" (binary array//remove))
+          (install "size" (unary python.length))
+          )))
+
+## [[Numbers]]
+(host.import java/lang/Double
+  (#static MIN_VALUE Double)
+  (#static MAX_VALUE Double))
+
+(do-template [<name> <const> <encode>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     (<encode> <const>))]
+
+  [nat//min                 0                           python.int]
+  [nat//max                -1                           python.int]
+
+  [frac//smallest          Double::MIN_VALUE            python.float]
+  [frac//min               (f/* -1.0 Double::MAX_VALUE) python.float]
+  [frac//max               Double::MAX_VALUE            python.float]
+
+  [deg//min                 0                           python.int]
+  [deg//max                -1                           python.int]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <expression>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     <expression>)]
+
+  [int//min (|> (python.int -2) (python.** (python.int 63)))]
+  [int//max (|> (python.int 2) (python.** (python.int 63)) (python.- (python.int 1)))]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <label>]
+  [(def: (<name> _)
+     Nullary
+     (python.apply (list (python.string <label>)) (python.global "float")))]
+
+  [frac//not-a-number      "nan"]
+  [frac//positive-infinity "inf"]
+  [frac//negative-infinity "-inf"]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (|> subjectO
+         (<op> paramO)
+         runtimeT.bit//64))]
+
+  [int//add        python.+]
+  [int//sub        python.-]
+  [int//mul        python.*]
+
+  [nat//add        python.+]
+  [nat//sub        python.-]
+  [nat//mul        python.*]
+
+  [deg//add        python.+]
+  [deg//sub        python.-]
+  [deg//rem        python.-]
+  [deg//scale      python.*]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (|> subjectO
+         (<op> paramO)))]
+
+  [int//div        python./]
+  [int//rem        python.%]
+  
+  [nat//div        runtimeT.nat///]
+  [nat//rem        runtimeT.nat//%]
+
+  [deg//mul        runtimeT.deg//*]
+  [deg//div        runtimeT.deg///]
+  [deg//reciprocal python./]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <op>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<op> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [frac//add python.+]
+  [frac//sub python.-]
+  [frac//mul python.*]
+  [frac//div python./]
+  [frac//rem python.%]
+  [frac//=   python.=]
+  [frac//<   python.<]
+
+  [text//=   python.=]
+  [text//<   python.<]
+  )
+
+(do-template [<name> <cmp>]
+  [(def: (<name> [subjectO paramO])
+     Binary
+     (<cmp> paramO subjectO))]
+
+  [nat//= python.=]
+  [nat//< runtimeT.nat//<]
+
+  [int//= python.=]
+  [int//< python.<]
+
+  [deg//= python.=]
+  [deg//< runtimeT.nat//<]
+  )
+
+(def: (apply1 func)
+  (-> Expression (-> Expression Expression))
+  (function [value]
+    (python.apply (list value) func)))
+
+(def: (send0 method)
+  (-> Text (-> Expression Expression))
+  (function [object]
+    (python.send (list) method object)))
+
+(do-template [<name> <divisor>]
+  [(def: (<name> inputO)
+     Unary
+     (|> inputO (python./ <divisor>)))]
+
+  [deg//to-frac (python.apply (list (|> (python.int 1) (python.bit-shl (python.int 32))))
+                              (python.global "float"))]
+  )
+
+(def: nat-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "nat")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary nat//add))
+          (install "-" (binary nat//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary nat//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary nat//div))
+          (install "%" (binary nat//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary nat//=))
+          (install "<" (binary nat//<))
+          (install "min" (nullary nat//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary nat//max))
+          (install "to-int" (unary id))
+          (install "char" (unary (apply1 (python.global "chr")))))))
+
+(def: int-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "int")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary int//add))
+          (install "-" (binary int//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary int//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary int//div))
+          (install "%" (binary int//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary int//=))
+          (install "<" (binary int//<))
+          (install "min" (nullary int//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary int//max))
+          (install "to-nat" (unary id))
+          (install "to-frac" (unary (apply1 (python.global "float")))))))
+
+(def: deg-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "deg")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary deg//add))
+          (install "-" (binary deg//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary deg//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary deg//div))
+          (install "%" (binary deg//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary deg//=))
+          (install "<" (binary deg//<))
+          (install "scale" (binary deg//scale))
+          (install "reciprocal" (binary deg//reciprocal))
+          (install "min" (nullary deg//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary deg//max))
+          (install "to-frac" (unary deg//to-frac)))))
+
+(def: frac-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "frac")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "+" (binary frac//add))
+          (install "-" (binary frac//sub))
+          (install "*" (binary frac//mul))
+          (install "/" (binary frac//div))
+          (install "%" (binary frac//rem))
+          (install "=" (binary frac//=))
+          (install "<" (binary frac//<))
+          (install "smallest" (nullary frac//smallest))
+          (install "min" (nullary frac//min))
+          (install "max" (nullary frac//max))
+          (install "not-a-number" (nullary frac//not-a-number))
+          (install "positive-infinity" (nullary frac//positive-infinity))
+          (install "negative-infinity" (nullary frac//negative-infinity))
+          (install "to-deg" (unary runtimeT.deg//from-frac))
+          (install "to-int" (unary (apply1 (python.global "int"))))
+          (install "encode" (unary (apply1 (python.global "repr"))))
+          (install "decode" (unary runtimeT.frac//decode)))))
+
+## [[Text]]
+(def: (text//concat [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (|> subjectO (python.+ paramO)))
+
+(def: (text//char [subjectO paramO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.text//char subjectO paramO))
+
+(def: (text//replace-all [subjectO paramO extraO])
+  Trinary
+  (python.send (list paramO extraO) "replace" subjectO))
+
+(def: (text//replace-once [subjectO paramO extraO])
+  Trinary
+  (python.send (list paramO extraO (python.int 1)) "replace" subjectO))
+
+(def: (text//clip [subjectO paramO extraO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.text//clip subjectO paramO extraO))
+
+(def: (text//index [textO partO startO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.text//index textO partO startO))
+
+(def: text-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "text")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "=" (binary text//=))
+          (install "<" (binary text//<))
+          (install "concat" (binary text//concat))
+          (install "index" (trinary text//index))
+          (install "size" (unary (apply1 (python.global "len"))))
+          (install "hash" (unary (apply1 (python.global "hash"))))
+          (install "replace-once" (trinary text//replace-once))
+          (install "replace-all" (trinary text//replace-all))
+          (install "char" (binary text//char))
+          (install "clip" (trinary text//clip))
+          (install "upper" (unary (send0 "upper")))
+          (install "lower" (unary (send0 "lower")))
+          )))
+
+## [[Math]]
+(def: (math//pow [subject param])
+  Binary
+  (|> subject (python.** param)))
+
+(def: math-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "math")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "cos" (unary runtimeT.math//cos))
+          (install "sin" (unary runtimeT.math//sin))
+          (install "tan" (unary runtimeT.math//tan))
+          (install "acos" (unary runtimeT.math//acos))
+          (install "asin" (unary runtimeT.math//asin))
+          (install "atan" (unary runtimeT.math//atan))
+          (install "exp" (unary runtimeT.math//exp))
+          (install "log" (unary runtimeT.math//log))
+          (install "ceil" (unary runtimeT.math//ceil))
+          (install "floor" (unary runtimeT.math//floor))
+          (install "pow" (binary math//pow))
+          )))
+
+## [[IO]]
+(def: io-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "io")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "log" (unary runtimeT.io//log!))
+          (install "error" (unary runtimeT.io//throw!))
+          (install "exit" (unary runtimeT.io//exit!))
+          (install "current-time" (nullary (function [_]
+                                             (runtimeT.io//current-time! runtimeT.unit)))))))
+
+## [[Atoms]]
+(def: atom//new
+  Unary
+  (|>> [(python.string runtimeT.atom//field)] (list) python.dict))
+
+(def: atom//read
+  Unary
+  (python.nth (python.string runtimeT.atom//field)))
+
+(def: (atom//compare-and-swap [atomO oldO newO])
+  Trinary
+  (runtimeT.atom//compare-and-swap atomO oldO newO))
+
+(def: atom-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "atom")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary atom//new))
+          (install "read" (unary atom//read))
+          (install "compare-and-swap" (trinary atom//compare-and-swap)))))
+
+## [[Box]]
+(def: box//new
+  Unary
+  (|>> (list) python.list))
+
+(def: box//read
+  Unary
+  (python.nth (python.int 0)))
+
+(def: (box//write [valueO boxO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.box//write valueO boxO))
+
+(def: box-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "box")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "new" (unary box//new))
+          (install "read" (unary box//read))
+          (install "write" (binary box//write)))))
+
+## [[Processes]]
+(def: (process//concurrency-level [])
+  Nullary
+  (python.int 1))
+
+(def: (process//schedule [milli-secondsO procedureO])
+  Binary
+  (runtimeT.process//schedule milli-secondsO procedureO))
+
+(def: process-procs
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "process")
+      (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+          (install "concurrency-level" (nullary process//concurrency-level))
+          (install "future" (unary runtimeT.process//future))
+          (install "schedule" (binary process//schedule))
+          )))
+
+## [Bundles]
+(def: #export procedures
+  Bundle
+  (<| (prefix "lux")
+      (|> lux-procs
+          (dict.merge bit-procs)
+          (dict.merge nat-procs)
+          (dict.merge int-procs)
+          (dict.merge deg-procs)
+          (dict.merge frac-procs)
+          (dict.merge text-procs)
+          (dict.merge array-procs)
+          (dict.merge math-procs)
+          (dict.merge io-procs)
+          (dict.merge atom-procs)
+          (dict.merge box-procs)
+          (dict.merge process-procs)
+          )))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/host.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/host.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1b43da2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/procedure/host.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Functor<List>]
+                   [dict #+ Dict]))
+       [macro "macro/" Monad<Meta>])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang ["la" analysis]
+              ["ls" synthesis]
+              (host [ruby #+ Ruby Expression Statement])))
+  [///]
+  (/// [".T" runtime])
+  (// ["@" common]))
+
+## (do-template [<name> <lua>]
+##   [(def: (<name> _) @.Nullary <lua>)]
+
+##   [lua//nil      "nil"]
+##   [lua//table    "{}"]
+##   )
+
+## (def: (lua//global proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list [_ (#.Text name)]))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       []
+##       (wrap name))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (lua//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& functionS argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [functionO (translate functionS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.apply functionO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: lua-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##       (@.install "nil" (@.nullary lua//nil))
+##       (@.install "table" (@.nullary lua//table))
+##       (@.install "global" lua//global)
+##       (@.install "call" lua//call)))
+
+## (def: (table//call proc translate inputs)
+##   (-> Text @.Proc)
+##   (case inputs
+##     (^ (list& tableS [_ (#.Text field)] argsS+))
+##     (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+##       [tableO (translate tableS)
+##        argsO+ (monad.map @ translate argsS+)]
+##       (wrap (lua.method field tableO argsO+)))
+
+##     _
+##     (&.throw @.Wrong-Syntax (@.wrong-syntax proc inputs))))
+
+## (def: (table//get [fieldO tableO])
+##   @.Binary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//get tableO fieldO))
+
+## (def: (table//set [fieldO valueO tableO])
+##   @.Trinary
+##   (runtimeT.lua//set tableO fieldO valueO))
+
+## (def: table-procs
+##   @.Bundle
+##   (<| (@.prefix "table")
+##       (|> (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+##           (@.install "call" table//call)
+##           (@.install "get" (@.binary table//get))
+##           (@.install "set" (@.trinary table//set)))))
+
+(def: #export procedures
+  @.Bundle
+  (<| (@.prefix "lua")
+      (dict.new text.Hash<Text>)
+      ## (|> lua-procs
+      ##     (dict.merge table-procs))
+      ))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/reference.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/reference.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f29da34a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/reference.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux [macro]
+       (data [text]
+             text/format))
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [".L" variable #+ Variable Register]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement SVar @@])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]))
+
+(do-template [<register> <translation> <prefix>]
+  [(def: #export (<register> register)
+     (-> Register SVar)
+     (python.var (format <prefix> (%i (nat-to-int register)))))
+   
+   (def: #export (<translation> register)
+     (-> Register (Meta Expression))
+     (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap (@@ (<register> register))))]
+
+  [closure  translate-captured "c"]
+  [variable translate-local    "v"])
+
+(def: #export (local var)
+  (-> Variable SVar)
+  (if (variableL.captured? var)
+    (closure (variableL.captured-register var))
+    (variable (int-to-nat var))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-variable var)
+  (-> Variable (Meta Expression))
+  (if (variableL.captured? var)
+    (translate-captured (variableL.captured-register var))
+    (translate-local (int-to-nat var))))
+
+(def: #export global
+  (-> Ident SVar)
+  (|>> //.definition-name python.var))
+
+(def: #export (translate-definition name)
+  (-> Ident (Meta Expression))
+  (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap (@@ (global name))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/runtime.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/runtime.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f564745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/runtime.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control ["p" parser "p/" Monad<Parser>]
+                [monad #+ do])
+       (data text/format
+             (coll [list "list/" Monad<List>]))
+       [macro]
+       (macro [code]
+              ["s" syntax #+ syntax:])
+       [io #+ Process])
+  [//]
+  (luxc [lang]
+        (lang (host [python #+ Expression Statement @@]))))
+
+(def: prefix Text "LuxRuntime")
+
+(def: #export unit Expression (python.string //.unit))
+
+(def: (flag value)
+  (-> Bool Expression)
+  (if value
+    (python.string "")
+    python.none))
+
+(def: (variant' tag last? value)
+  (-> Expression Expression Expression Expression)
+  (python.dict (list [(python.string //.variant-tag-field) tag]
+                     [(python.string //.variant-flag-field) last?]
+                     [(python.string //.variant-value-field) value])))
+
+(def: #export (variant tag last? value)
+  (-> Nat Bool Expression Expression)
+  (variant' (python.int (nat-to-int tag))
+            (flag last?)
+            value))
+
+(def: #export none
+  Expression
+  (variant +0 false unit))
+
+(def: #export some
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +1 true))
+
+(def: #export left
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +0 false))
+
+(def: #export right
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (variant +1 true))
+
+(type: Runtime Statement)
+
+(def: declaration
+  (s.Syntax [Text (List Text)])
+  (p.either (p.seq s.local-symbol (p/wrap (list)))
+            (s.form (p.seq s.local-symbol (p.some s.local-symbol)))))
+
+(syntax: (runtime: [[name args] declaration]
+           definition)
+  (let [implementation (code.local-symbol (format "@@" name))
+        runtime (format "__" prefix "__" (lang.normalize-name name))
+        $runtime (` (python.var (~ (code.text runtime))))
+        @runtime (` (@@ (~ $runtime)))
+        argsC+ (list/map code.local-symbol args)
+        argsLC+ (list/map (|>> lang.normalize-name code.text (~) (python.var) (`))
+                          args)
+        declaration (` ((~ (code.local-symbol name))
+                        (~+ argsC+)))
+        type (` (-> (~+ (list.repeat (list.size argsC+) (` python.Expression)))
+                    python.Expression))]
+    (wrap (list (` (def: (~' #export) (~ declaration)
+                     (~ type)
+                     (python.apply (list (~+ argsC+)) (~ @runtime))))
+                (` (def: (~ implementation)
+                     python.Statement
+                     (~ (case argsC+
+                          #.Nil
+                          (` (python.set! (list (~ $runtime)) (~ definition)))
+
+                          _
+                          (` (let [(~+ (|> (list.zip2 argsC+ argsLC+)
+                                           (list/map (function [[left right]]
+                                                       (list left (` (@@ (~ right))))))
+                                           list/join))]
+                               (python.def! (~ $runtime)
+                                            (list (~+ argsLC+))
+                                            (~ definition))))))))))))
+
+(syntax: (with-vars [vars (s.tuple (p.many s.local-symbol))]
+           body)
+  (wrap (list (` (let [(~+ (|> vars
+                               (list/map (function [var]
+                                           (list (code.local-symbol var)
+                                                 (` (python.var (~ (code.text (lang.normalize-name var))))))))
+                               list/join))]
+                   (~ body))))))
+
+(runtime: (lux//try op)
+  (let [$error (python.var "error")
+        $value (python.var "value")]
+    (python.try! ($_ python.then!
+                     (python.set! (list $value) (python.apply (list unit) op))
+                     (python.return! (right (@@ $value))))
+                 (list [(list "Exception") $error
+                        (python.return! (left (python.apply (list (@@ $error)) (python.global "str"))))]))))
+
+(runtime: (lux//program-args program-args)
+  (let [$inputs (python.var "inputs")
+        $value (python.var "value")]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list $inputs) none)
+        (<| (python.for-in! $value program-args)
+            (python.set! (list $inputs)
+                         (some (python.tuple (list (@@ $value) (@@ $inputs))))))
+        (python.return! (@@ $inputs)))))
+
+(def: runtime//lux
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@lux//try
+      @@lux//program-args))
+
+(runtime: (io//log! message)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.print! message)
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(def: (exception message)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (python.apply (list message) (python.global "Exception")))
+
+(runtime: (io//throw! message)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.raise! (exception message))
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(runtime: (io//exit! code)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.import! "sys")
+      (python.do! (|> (python.global "sys") (python.send (list code) "exit")))
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(runtime: (io//current-time! _)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.import! "time")
+      (python.return! (let [time (|> (python.global "time")
+                                     (python.send (list) "time")
+                                     (python.* (python.int 1_000)))]
+                        (python.apply (list time) (python.global "int"))))))
+
+(def: runtime//io
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@io//log!
+      @@io//throw!
+      @@io//exit!
+      @@io//current-time!))
+
+(runtime: (product//left product index)
+  (let [$index_min_length (python.var "index_min_length")]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list $index_min_length) (python.+ (python.int 1) index))
+        (python.if! (python.> (@@ $index_min_length) (python.length product))
+                    ## No need for recursion
+                    (python.return! (python.nth index product))
+                    ## Needs recursion
+                    (python.return! (product//left (python.nth (python.- (python.int 1)
+                                                                         (python.length product))
+                                                               product)
+                                                   (python.- (python.length product)
+                                                             (@@ $index_min_length))))))))
+
+(runtime: (product//right product index)
+  (let [$index_min_length (python.var "index_min_length")]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list $index_min_length) (python.+ (python.int 1) index))
+        (python.cond! (list [(python.= (@@ $index_min_length) (python.length product))
+                             ## Last element.
+                             (python.return! (python.nth index product))]
+                            [(python.< (@@ $index_min_length) (python.length product))
+                             ## Needs recursion
+                             (python.return! (product//right (python.nth (python.- (python.int 1)
+                                                                                   (python.length product))
+                                                                         product)
+                                                             (python.- (python.length product)
+                                                                       (@@ $index_min_length))))])
+                      ## Must slice
+                      (python.return! (python.slice-from index product))))))
+
+(runtime: (sum//get sum wantedTag wantsLast)
+  (let [no-match! (python.return! python.none)
+        sum-tag (python.nth (python.string //.variant-tag-field) sum)
+        sum-flag (python.nth (python.string //.variant-flag-field) sum)
+        sum-value (python.nth (python.string //.variant-value-field) sum)
+        is-last? (python.= (python.string "") sum-flag)
+        test-recursion! (python.if! is-last?
+                                    ## Must recurse.
+                                    (python.return! (sum//get sum-value (python.- sum-tag wantedTag) wantsLast))
+                                    no-match!)]
+    (python.cond! (list [(python.= sum-tag wantedTag)
+                         (python.if! (python.= wantsLast sum-flag)
+                                     (python.return! sum-value)
+                                     test-recursion!)]
+
+                        [(python.> sum-tag wantedTag)
+                         test-recursion!]
+
+                        [(python.and (python.< sum-tag wantedTag)
+                                     (python.= (python.string "") wantsLast))
+                         (python.return! (variant' (python.- wantedTag sum-tag) sum-flag sum-value))])
+
+                  no-match!)))
+
+(def: runtime//adt
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@product//left
+      @@product//right
+      @@sum//get))
+
+(def: full-32-bits (python.code "0xFFFFFFFF"))
+
+(runtime: (bit//32 input)
+  (with-vars [capped]
+    (python.cond! (list [(|> input (python.> full-32-bits))
+                         (python.return! (|> input (python.bit-and full-32-bits) bit//32))]
+                        [(|> input (python.> (python.code "0x7FFFFFFF")))
+                         ($_ python.then!
+                             (python.set! (list capped)
+                                          (python.apply (list (|> (python.code "0x100000000")
+                                                                  (python.- input)))
+                                                        (python.global "int")))
+                             (python.if! (|> (@@ capped) (python.<= (python.int 2147483647)))
+                                         (python.return! (|> (@@ capped) (python.* (python.int -1))))
+                                         (python.return! (python.int -2147483648))))])
+                  (python.return! input))))
+
+(def: full-64-bits (python.code "0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"))
+
+(runtime: (bit//64 input)
+  (with-vars [capped]
+    (python.cond! (list [(|> input (python.> full-64-bits))
+                         (python.return! (|> input (python.bit-and full-64-bits) bit//64))]
+                        [(|> input (python.> (python.code "0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF")))
+                         ($_ python.then!
+                             (python.set! (list capped)
+                                          (python.apply (list (|> (python.code "0x10000000000000000")
+                                                                  (python.- input)))
+                                                        (python.global "int")))
+                             (python.if! (|> (@@ capped) (python.<= (python.code "9223372036854775807L")))
+                                         (python.return! (|> (@@ capped) (python.* (python.int -1))))
+                                         (python.return! (python.code "-9223372036854775808L"))))])
+                  (python.return! input))))
+
+(runtime: (bit//count subject)
+  (with-vars [count remaining]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list count) (python.int 0))
+        (python.set! (list remaining) subject)
+        (python.while! (|> (@@ remaining) (python.> (python.int 0)))
+                       ($_ python.then!
+                           (let [last-bit (|> (@@ remaining) (python.% (python.int 2)))]
+                             (python.set! (list count) (|> (@@ count) (python.+ last-bit))))
+                           (python.set! (list remaining) (|> (@@ remaining) (python./ (python.int 2))))))
+        (python.return! (@@ count)))))
+
+(runtime: (bit//shift-right param subject)
+  (let [mask (|> (python.int 1)
+                 (python.bit-shl (python.- param (python.int 64)))
+                 (python.- (python.int 1)))]
+    (python.return! (|> subject
+                        (python.bit-shr param)
+                        (python.bit-and mask)))))
+
+(def: runtime//bit
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@bit//32
+      @@bit//64
+      @@bit//count
+      @@bit//shift-right))
+
+(def: high (-> Expression Expression) (bit//shift-right (python.int 32)))
+(def: low  (-> Expression Expression) (python.bit-and full-32-bits))
+
+(runtime: (nat//< param subject)
+  (with-vars [ph sh]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list ph) (..high param))
+        (python.set! (list sh) (..high subject))
+        (python.return! (python.or (python.< (@@ ph) (@@ sh))
+                                   (python.and (python.= (@@ ph) (@@ sh))
+                                               (python.< (low param) (low subject))))))))
+
+(runtime: (nat/// param subject)
+  (with-vars [quotient remainder]
+    (python.if! (python.< (python.int 0) param)
+                (python.if! (nat//< param subject)
+                            (python.return! (python.int 0))
+                            (python.return! (python.int 1)))
+                ($_ python.then!
+                    (python.set! (list quotient) (|> subject
+                                                     (python.bit-shr (python.int 1))
+                                                     (python./ param)
+                                                     (python.bit-shl (python.int 1))))
+                    (let [remainder (python.- (python.* param (@@ quotient))
+                                              subject)]
+                      (python.if! (python.not (nat//< param remainder))
+                                  (python.return! (python.+ (python.int 1) (@@ quotient)))
+                                  (python.return! (@@ quotient))))))))
+
+(runtime: (nat//% param subject)
+  (let [flat (|> subject
+                 (nat/// param)
+                 (python.* param))]
+    (python.return! (|> subject (python.- flat)))))
+
+(def: runtime//nat
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@nat//<
+      @@nat///
+      @@nat//%))
+
+(runtime: (deg//* param subject)
+  (with-vars [$sL $sH $pL $pH $bottom $middle $top]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list $sL) (..low subject))
+        (python.set! (list $sH) (high subject))
+        (python.set! (list $pL) (..low param))
+        (python.set! (list $pH) (high param))
+        (python.set! (list $bottom) (bit//shift-right (python.int 32)
+                                                      (python.* (@@ $pL) (@@ $sL))))
+        (python.set! (list $middle) (python.+ (python.* (@@ $pL) (@@ $sH))
+                                              (python.* (@@ $pH) (@@ $sL))))
+        (python.set! (list $top) (python.* (@@ $pH) (@@ $sH)))
+        (python.return! (|> (@@ $bottom)
+                            (python.+ (@@ $middle))
+                            high
+                            (python.+ (@@ $top)))))))
+
+(runtime: (deg//leading-zeroes input)
+  (with-vars [zeroes remaining]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list zeroes) (python.int 64))
+        (python.set! (list remaining) input)
+        (python.while! (python.not (python.= (python.int 0) (@@ remaining)))
+                       ($_ python.then!
+                           (python.set! (list zeroes) (python.- (python.int 1) (@@ zeroes)))
+                           (python.set! (list remaining) (bit//shift-right (python.int 1) (@@ remaining)))))
+        (python.return! (@@ zeroes)))))
+
+(runtime: (deg/// param subject)
+  (with-vars [min-shift]
+    (python.if! (python.= param subject)
+                (python.return! (python.int -1))
+                ($_ python.then!
+                    (python.set! (list min-shift)
+                                 (python.apply (list (deg//leading-zeroes param)
+                                                     (deg//leading-zeroes subject))
+                                               (python.global "min")))
+                    (python.return! (|> (python.bit-shl (@@ min-shift) subject)
+                                        (python./ (|> param (python.bit-shl (@@ min-shift)) ..low))
+                                        (python.bit-shl (python.int 32))))))))
+
+(def: (float-to-int float)
+  (-> Expression Expression)
+  (python.apply (list float) (python.global "int")))
+
+(runtime: (deg//from-frac input)
+  (with-vars [two32 shifted]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list two32) (|> (python.float 2.0)
+                                      (python.** (python.float 32.0))))
+        (python.set! (list shifted) (|> input
+                                        (python.% (python.float 1.0))
+                                        (python.* (@@ two32))))
+        (let [low (|> (@@ shifted)
+                      (python.% (python.float 1.0))
+                      (python.* (@@ two32))
+                      float-to-int)
+              high (|> (@@ shifted) float-to-int (python.bit-shl (python.int 32)))]
+          (python.return! (|> low (python.+ high)))))))
+
+(def: runtime//deg
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@deg//*
+      @@deg//leading-zeroes
+      @@deg///
+      @@deg//from-frac))
+
+(runtime: (frac//decode input)
+  (let [$ex (python.var "ex")]
+    (python.try!
+     (python.return! (..some (python.apply (list input) (python.global "float"))))
+     (list [(list "Exception") $ex
+            (python.return! ..none)]))))
+
+(def: runtime//frac
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@frac//decode))
+
+(runtime: (text//index subject param start)
+  (with-vars [idx]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list idx) (python.send (list param start) "find" subject))
+        (python.if! (python.= (python.int -1) (@@ idx))
+                    (python.return! ..none)
+                    (python.return! (..some (@@ idx)))))))
+
+(def: inc (|>> (python.+ (python.int 1))))
+
+(do-template [<name> <top-cmp>]
+  [(def: (<name> top value)
+     (-> Expression Expression Expression)
+     (python.and (|> value (python.>= (python.int 0)))
+                 (|> value (<top-cmp> top))))]
+
+  [within? python.<]
+  [up-to?  python.<=]
+  )
+
+(runtime: (text//clip @text @from @to)
+  (with-vars [length]
+    ($_ python.then!
+        (python.set! (list length) (python.length @text))
+        (python.if! ($_ python.and
+                        (|> @to (within? (@@ length)))
+                        (|> @from (up-to? @to)))
+                    (python.return! (..some (|> @text (python.slice @from (inc @to)))))
+                    (python.return! ..none)))))
+
+(runtime: (text//char text idx)
+  (python.if! (|> idx (within? (python.length text)))
+              (python.return! (..some (python.apply (list (|> text (python.slice idx (inc idx))))
+                                                    (python.global "ord"))))
+              (python.return! ..none)))
+
+(def: runtime//text
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@text//index
+      @@text//clip
+      @@text//char))
+
+(def: (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx body!)
+  (-> Expression Expression Statement Statement)
+  (python.if! (|> idx (python.<= (python.length array)))
+              body!
+              (python.raise! (exception (python.string "Array index out of bounds!")))))
+
+(runtime: (array//get array idx)
+  (with-vars [temp]
+    (<| (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx)
+        ($_ python.then!
+            (python.set! (list temp) (python.nth idx array))
+            (python.if! (python.= python.none (@@ temp))
+                        (python.return! ..none)
+                        (python.return! (..some (@@ temp))))))))
+
+(runtime: (array//put array idx value)
+  (<| (check-index-out-of-bounds array idx)
+      ($_ python.then!
+          (python.set-nth! idx value array)
+          (python.return! array))))
+
+(def: runtime//array
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@array//get
+      @@array//put))
+
+(def: #export atom//field Text "_lux_atom")
+
+(runtime: (atom//compare-and-swap atom old new)
+  (let [atom//field (python.string atom//field)]
+    (python.if! (python.= old (python.nth atom//field atom))
+                ($_ python.then!
+                    (python.set-nth! atom//field new atom)
+                    (python.return! (python.bool true)))
+                (python.return! (python.bool false)))))
+
+(def: runtime//atom
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@atom//compare-and-swap))
+
+(runtime: (box//write value box)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.set-nth! (python.int 0) value box)
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(def: runtime//box
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@box//write))
+
+(runtime: (process//future procedure)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.import! "threading")
+      (let [params (python.dict (list [(python.string "target") procedure]))]
+        (python.do! (|> (python.global "threading")
+                        (python.send-keyword (list) params "Thread")
+                        (python.send (list) "start"))))
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(runtime: (process//schedule milli-seconds procedure)
+  ($_ python.then!
+      (python.import! "threading")
+      (let [seconds (|> milli-seconds (python./ (python.float 1_000.0)))]
+        (python.do! (|> (python.global "threading")
+                        (python.send (list seconds procedure) "Timer")
+                        (python.send (list) "start"))))
+      (python.return! ..unit)))
+
+(def: runtime//process
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@process//future
+      @@process//schedule))
+
+(do-template [<name> <method>]
+  [(runtime: (<name> input)
+     ($_ python.then!
+         (python.import! "math")
+         (python.return! (|> (python.global "math") (python.send (list input) <method>)))))]
+
+  [math//cos  "cos"]
+  [math//sin  "sin"]
+  [math//tan  "tan"]
+  [math//acos "acos"]
+  [math//asin "asin"]
+  [math//atan "atan"]
+  [math//exp  "exp"]
+  [math//log  "log"]
+  [math//ceil "ceil"]
+  [math//floor "floor"]
+  )
+
+(def: runtime//math
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      @@math//cos
+      @@math//sin
+      @@math//tan
+      @@math//acos
+      @@math//asin
+      @@math//atan
+      @@math//exp
+      @@math//log
+      @@math//ceil
+      @@math//floor))
+
+(def: runtime
+  Runtime
+  ($_ python.then!
+      runtime//lux
+      runtime//adt
+      runtime//bit
+      runtime//nat
+      runtime//deg
+      runtime//frac
+      runtime//text
+      runtime//array
+      runtime//atom
+      runtime//box
+      runtime//io
+      runtime//process
+      runtime//math
+      ))
+
+(def: #export artifact Text (format prefix ".py"))
+
+(def: #export translate
+  (Meta (Process Unit))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [_ //.init-module-buffer
+     _ (//.save runtime)]
+    (//.save-module! artifact)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/statement.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/statement.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36fe472d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/statement.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       [macro]
+       (data text/format))
+  (luxc (lang [".L" module]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement @@])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]
+      [".T" reference]
+      [".T" eval]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-def name expressionT expressionO metaV)
+  (-> Text Type Expression Code (Meta Unit))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [current-module macro.current-module-name
+     #let [def-ident [current-module name]]]
+    (case (macro.get-symbol-ann (ident-for #.alias) metaV)
+      (#.Some real-def)
+      (do @
+        [[realT realA realV] (macro.find-def real-def)
+         _ (moduleL.define def-ident [realT metaV realV])]
+        (wrap []))
+
+      _
+      (do @
+        [#let [def-name (referenceT.global def-ident)]
+         _ (//.save (python.set! (list def-name) expressionO))
+         expressionV (evalT.eval (@@ def-name))
+         _ (moduleL.define def-ident [expressionT metaV expressionV])
+         _ (if (macro.type? metaV)
+             (case (macro.declared-tags metaV)
+               #.Nil
+               (wrap [])
+
+               tags
+               (moduleL.declare-tags tags (macro.export? metaV) (:! Type expressionV)))
+             (wrap []))
+         #let [_ (log! (format "DEF " (%ident def-ident)))]]
+        (wrap []))
+      )))
+
+(def: #export (translate-program programO)
+  (-> Expression (Meta Statement))
+  (macro.fail "translate-program NOT IMPLEMENTED YET")
+  ## (hostT.save (format "var " (referenceT.variable +0) " = " runtimeT.lux//program-args "();"
+  ##                     "(" programO ")(null);"))
+  )
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/structure.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/structure.jvm.lux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0452ef504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/python/structure.jvm.lux
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+(.module:
+  lux
+  (lux (control [monad #+ do])
+       (data [text]
+             text/format)
+       [macro])
+  (luxc ["&" lang]
+        (lang [synthesis #+ Synthesis]
+              (host [python #+ Expression Statement])))
+  [//]
+  (// [".T" runtime]))
+
+(def: #export (translate-tuple translate elemsS+)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) (List Synthesis) (Meta Expression))
+  (case elemsS+
+    #.Nil
+    (:: macro.Monad<Meta> wrap runtimeT.unit)
+
+    (#.Cons singletonS #.Nil)
+    (translate singletonS)
+
+    _
+    (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+      [elemsT+ (monad.map @ translate elemsS+)]
+      (wrap (python.tuple elemsT+)))))
+
+(def: #export (translate-variant translate tag tail? valueS)
+  (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta Expression)) Nat Bool Synthesis (Meta Expression))
+  (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+    [valueT (translate valueS)]
+    (wrap (runtimeT.variant tag tail? valueT))))
diff --git a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux
index 15e68d8c6..1e76ef9e4 100644
--- a/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/source/luxc/lang/translation/ruby/primitive.jvm.lux
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@
 (def: #export translate-frac
   (-> Frac (Meta Expression))
   (|>> (cond> [(f/= number.positive-infinity)]
-              [(new> "(1/0)")]
+              [(new> "(1.0/0.0)")]
               
               [(f/= number.negative-infinity)]
-              [(new> "(-1/0)")]
+              [(new> "(-1.0/0.0)")]
               
               [(f/= number.not-a-number)]
-              [(new> "(0/0)")]
+              [(new> "(0.0/0.0)")]
               
               ## else
               [%f])
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/common.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/common.lux
index 5021dc258..40e06ae84 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/common.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/common.lux
@@ -3,27 +3,40 @@
   (lux (control [monad #+ do])
        [io #+ IO]
        (data ["e" error])
-       [macro])
+       [macro]
+       (macro [code]))
   (luxc [lang]
         (lang ["&." host]
               [".L" init]
+              [".L" module]
               [synthesis #+ Synthesis]
               (translation (jvm [".T_jvm" expression]
                                 [".T_jvm" eval]
-                                [".T_jvm" runtime])
+                                [".T_jvm" runtime]
+                                [".T_jvm" statement])
                            [js]
                            (js [".T_js" expression]
                                [".T_js" eval]
-                               [".T_js" runtime])
+                               [".T_js" runtime]
+                               [".T_js" statement])
                            [lua]
                            (lua [".T_lua" expression]
                                 [".T_lua" eval]
-                                [".T_lua" runtime])
-
+                                [".T_lua" runtime]
+                                [".T_lua" statement])
                            [ruby]
                            (ruby [".T_ruby" expression]
-                                [".T_ruby" eval]
-                                [".T_ruby" runtime])))))
+                                 [".T_ruby" eval]
+                                 [".T_ruby" runtime]
+                                 [".T_ruby" statement])
+                           [python]
+                           (python [".T_python" expression]
+                                   [".T_python" eval]
+                                   [".T_python" runtime]
+                                   [".T_python" statement])))))
+
+(type: #export Runner (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)))
+(type: #export Definer (-> Ident Synthesis (e.Error Top)))
 
 (do-template [<name> <host>]
   [(def: #export <name>
@@ -36,11 +49,12 @@
   [init-js  js.init]
   [init-lua lua.init]
   [init-ruby ruby.init]
+  [init-python python.init]
   )
 
-(def: (run-synthesis translate-runtime translate-expression eval init)
+(def: (runner translate-runtime translate-expression eval init)
   (All [a] (-> (Meta Top) (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (IO Compiler)
-               (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top))))
+               Runner))
   (function [synthesis]
     (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
           [_ translate-runtime
@@ -49,10 +63,32 @@
         (lang.with-current-module "")
         (macro.run (io.run init)))))
 
-(def: #export run-jvm (run-synthesis runtimeT_jvm.translate expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval init-jvm))
+(def: (definer translate-runtime translate-expression eval init translate-def)
+  (All [a] (-> (Meta Top) (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (IO Compiler)
+               (-> Text Type a Code (Meta Top))
+               Definer))
+  (function [[module-name def-name] synthesis]
+    (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
+          [_ translate-runtime
+           valueO (translate-expression synthesis)
+           _ (moduleL.with-module +0 module-name
+               (translate-def def-name Top valueO (' {})))
+           sampleO (translate-expression (code.symbol [module-name def-name]))]
+          (eval sampleO))
+        (lang.with-current-module "")
+        (macro.run (io.run init)))))
+
+(def: #export run-jvm (runner runtimeT_jvm.translate expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval init-jvm))
+(def: #export def-jvm (definer runtimeT_jvm.translate expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval init-jvm statementT_jvm.translate-def))
+
+(def: #export run-js (runner runtimeT_js.translate expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval init-js))
+(def: #export def-js (definer runtimeT_js.translate expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval init-js statementT_js.translate-def))
 
-(def: #export run-js (run-synthesis runtimeT_js.translate expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval init-js))
+(def: #export run-lua (runner runtimeT_lua.translate expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval init-lua))
+(def: #export def-lua (definer runtimeT_lua.translate expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval init-lua statementT_lua.translate-def))
 
-(def: #export run-lua (run-synthesis runtimeT_lua.translate expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval init-lua))
+(def: #export run-ruby (runner runtimeT_ruby.translate expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval init-ruby))
+(def: #export def-ruby (definer runtimeT_ruby.translate expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval init-ruby statementT_ruby.translate-def))
 
-(def: #export run-ruby (run-synthesis runtimeT_ruby.translate expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval init-ruby))
+(def: #export run-python (runner runtimeT_python.translate expressionT_python.translate evalT_python.eval init-python))
+(def: #export def-python (definer runtimeT_python.translate expressionT_python.translate evalT_python.eval init-python statementT_python.translate-def))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/case.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/case.lux
index cc33d03d3..05b1cd768 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/case.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/case.lux
@@ -11,23 +11,7 @@
        (macro [code])
        test)
   (luxc [lang]
-        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
-              (translation (jvm ["/_jvm" case]
-                                [".T_jvm" expression]
-                                [".T_jvm" eval]
-                                [".T_jvm" runtime])
-                           (js ["/_js" case]
-                               [".T_js" expression]
-                               [".T_js" eval]
-                               [".T_js" runtime])
-                           (lua ["/_lua" case]
-                                [".T_lua" expression]
-                                [".T_lua" eval]
-                                [".T_lua" runtime])
-                           (ruby ["/_ruby" case]
-                                 [".T_ruby" expression]
-                                 [".T_ruby" eval]
-                                 [".T_ruby" runtime]))))
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]))
   (test/luxc common))
 
 (def: struct-limit Nat +10)
@@ -36,6 +20,10 @@
   (-> Nat Nat Bool)
   (n/= (n/dec size) idx))
 
+(def: upper-alpha-ascii
+  (r.Random Nat)
+  (|> r.nat (:: r.Functor<Random> map (|>> (n/% +91) (n/max +65)))))
+
 (def: gen-case
   (r.Random [ls.Synthesis ls.Path])
   (<| r.rec (function [gen-case])
@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@
                     [r.int code.int]
                     [r.deg code.deg]
                     [r.frac code.frac]
-                    [(r.text +5) code.text]))
+                    [(r.text' upper-alpha-ascii +5) code.text]))
               (do r.Monad<Random>
                 [size (|> r.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n/% struct-limit) (n/max +2))))
                  idx (|> r.nat (:: @ map (n/% size)))
@@ -78,44 +66,28 @@
                 (wrap [caseS caseP]))
               ))))
 
-(def: (pattern-matching-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                             translate-case)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) ls.Synthesis ls.Path (Meta a))
-        Test))
+(def: (pattern-matching-spec run)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [[valueS pathS] gen-case
      to-bind r.nat]
     ($_ seq
         (test "Can translate pattern-matching."
-              (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                    [_ translate-runtime
-                     sampleO (translate-case translate-expression
-                                             valueS
-                                             (` ("lux case alt"
-                                                 ("lux case seq" (~ pathS)
-                                                  ("lux case exec" true))
-                                                 ("lux case seq" ("lux case bind" +0)
-                                                  ("lux case exec" false)))))]
-                    (eval sampleO))
-                  (lang.with-current-module "")
-                  (macro.run (io.run init))
+              (|> (run (` ("lux case" (~ valueS)
+                           ("lux case alt"
+                            ("lux case seq" (~ pathS)
+                             ("lux case exec" true))
+                            ("lux case seq" ("lux case bind" +0)
+                             ("lux case exec" false))))))
                   (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                          (:! Bool valueT)
 
                          (#e.Error error)
                          false)))
         (test "Can bind values."
-              (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                    [_ translate-runtime
-                     sampleO (translate-case translate-expression
-                                             (code.nat to-bind)
-                                             (` ("lux case seq" ("lux case bind" +0)
-                                                 ("lux case exec" (0)))))]
-                    (eval sampleO))
-                  (lang.with-current-module "")
-                  (macro.run (io.run init))
+              (|> (run (` ("lux case" (~ (code.nat to-bind))
+                           ("lux case seq" ("lux case bind" +0)
+                            ("lux case exec" (0))))))
                   (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                          (n/= to-bind (:! Nat valueT))
 
@@ -124,20 +96,20 @@
 
 (context: "[JVM] Pattern-matching."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (pattern-matching-spec expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval runtimeT_jvm.translate init-jvm
-                             /_jvm.translate-case)))
+      (pattern-matching-spec run-jvm)))
 
 (context: "[JS] Pattern-matching."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (pattern-matching-spec expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval runtimeT_js.translate init-js
-                             /_js.translate-case)))
+      (pattern-matching-spec run-js)))
 
 (context: "[Lua] Pattern-matching."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (pattern-matching-spec expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval runtimeT_lua.translate init-lua
-                             /_lua.translate-case)))
+      (pattern-matching-spec run-lua)))
 
 (context: "[Ruby] Pattern-matching."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (pattern-matching-spec expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval runtimeT_ruby.translate init-ruby
-                             /_ruby.translate-case)))
+      (pattern-matching-spec run-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] Function."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (pattern-matching-spec run-python)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/common.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/common.lux
index 72dbeb1da..23afaac36 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/common.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/common.lux
@@ -17,37 +17,18 @@
        [host]
        test)
   (luxc [lang]
-        (lang [synthesis #+ Synthesis]
-              (translation (jvm [".T_jvm" eval]
-                                [".T_jvm" expression]
-                                [".T_jvm" runtime])
-                           (js [".T_js" eval]
-                               [".T_js" expression]
-                               [".T_js" runtime])
-                           (lua [".T_lua" eval]
-                                [".T_lua" expression]
-                                [".T_lua" runtime])
-                           (ruby [".T_ruby" eval]
-                                 [".T_ruby" expression]
-                                 [".T_ruby" runtime]))))
+        (lang [synthesis #+ Synthesis]))
   (test/luxc common))
 
-(def: (bit-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (bit-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [param r.nat
      subject r.nat]
     (with-expansions [<binary> (do-template [<name> <reference> <param-expr>]
                                  [(test <name>
-                                        (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                                              [_ translate-runtime
-                                               sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject))
-                                                                                        (~ (code.nat param)))))]
-                                              (eval sampleO))
-                                            (lang.with-current-module "")
-                                            (macro.run (io.run init))
+                                        (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject))
+                                                            (~ (code.nat param)))))
                                             (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                                    (n/= (<reference> param subject) (:! Nat valueT))
 
@@ -63,12 +44,7 @@
                                  )]
       ($_ seq
           (test "lux bit count"
-                (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                      [_ translate-runtime
-                       sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux bit count" (~ (code.nat subject)))))]
-                      (eval sampleO))
-                    (lang.with-current-module "")
-                    (macro.run (io.run init))
+                (|> (run (` ("lux bit count" (~ (code.nat subject)))))
                     (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                            (n/= (bit.count subject) (:! Nat valueT))
 
@@ -77,14 +53,9 @@
 
           <binary>
           (test "lux bit shift-right"
-                (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                      [_ translate-runtime
-                       sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux bit shift-right"
-                                                         (~ (code.int (nat-to-int subject)))
-                                                         (~ (code.nat param)))))]
-                      (eval sampleO))
-                    (lang.with-current-module "")
-                    (macro.run (io.run init))
+                (|> (run (` ("lux bit shift-right"
+                             (~ (code.int (nat-to-int subject)))
+                             (~ (code.nat param)))))
                     (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                            (i/= (bit.signed-shift-right param (nat-to-int subject))
                                 (:! Int valueT))
@@ -94,22 +65,15 @@
                     (let [param (n/% +64 param)])))
           ))))
 
-(def: (nat-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (nat-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [param (|> r.nat (r.filter (|>> (n/= +0) not)))
      subject r.nat]
     (`` ($_ seq
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name>)))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name>)))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (n/= <reference> (:! Nat valueT))
 
@@ -121,12 +85,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <type> <prepare> <comp> <subject-expr>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject)))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<comp> (<prepare> subject) (:! <type> valueT))
 
@@ -139,12 +98,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference> <outputT> <comp>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject)) (~ (code.nat param)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.nat subject)) (~ (code.nat param)))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<comp> (<reference> param subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
 
@@ -161,22 +115,17 @@
                   ))
             ))))
 
-(def: (int-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (int-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [param (|> r.int (r.filter (|>> (i/= 0) not)))
-     subject r.int]
+     subject r.int
+     #let [_ (log! (format "  param = " (%i param) "\n"
+                           "subject = " (%i subject) "\n"))]]
     (`` ($_ seq
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name>)))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name>)))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (i/= <reference> (:! Int valueT))
 
@@ -188,12 +137,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <type> <prepare> <comp>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.int subject)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.int subject)))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<comp> (<prepare> subject) (:! <type> valueT))
 
@@ -205,17 +149,13 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference> <outputT> <comp>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.int subject)) (~ (code.int param)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
-                             (case> (#e.Success valueT)
-                                    (<comp> (<reference> param subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
+                         (exec (log! <name>)
+                           (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.int subject)) (~ (code.int param)))))
+                               (case> (#e.Success valueT)
+                                      (<comp> (<reference> param subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
 
-                                    (#e.Error error)
-                                    false)))]
+                                      (#e.Error error)
+                                      false))))]
 
                   ["lux int +" i/+ Int  i/=]
                   ["lux int -" i/- Int  i/=]
@@ -227,21 +167,14 @@
                   ))
             ))))
 
-(def: (frac-spec|0 translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (frac-spec|0 run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [param (|> r.frac (r.filter (|>> (f/= 0.0) not)))
      subject r.frac]
     (with-expansions [<binary> (do-template [<name> <reference> <outputT> <comp>]
                                  [(test <name>
-                                        (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                                              [_ translate-runtime
-                                               sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.frac subject)) (~ (code.frac param)))))]
-                                              (eval sampleO))
-                                            (lang.with-current-module "")
-                                            (macro.run (io.run init))
+                                        (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.frac subject)) (~ (code.frac param)))))
                                             (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                                    (<comp> (<reference> param subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
 
@@ -260,21 +193,14 @@
           <binary>
           ))))
 
-(def: (frac-spec|1 translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (frac-spec|1 run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [subject r.frac]
     (`` ($_ seq
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <test>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name>)))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name>)))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<test> (:! Frac valueT))
 
@@ -290,12 +216,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<forward> <backward> <test>]
                   [(test <forward>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<backward> (<forward> (~ (code.frac subject))))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<backward> (<forward> (~ (code.frac subject))))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (|> valueT (:! Frac) (f/- subject) frac/abs <test>)
 
@@ -305,12 +226,7 @@
                   ["lux frac to-int" "lux int to-frac" (f/< 1.0)]
                   ["lux frac to-deg" "lux deg to-frac" (f/<= 0.000000001)]))
             (test "frac encode|decode"
-                  (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                        [_ translate-runtime
-                         sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux frac decode" ("lux frac encode" (~ (code.frac subject))))))]
-                        (eval sampleO))
-                      (lang.with-current-module "")
-                      (macro.run (io.run init))
+                  (|> (run (` ("lux frac decode" ("lux frac encode" (~ (code.frac subject))))))
                       (case> (^multi (#e.Success valueT)
                                      [(:! (Maybe Frac) valueT) (#.Some value)])
                              (f/= subject value)
@@ -319,13 +235,11 @@
                              false)))
             ))))
 
-(def: (frac-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (frac-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   ($_ seq
-      (frac-spec|0 translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-      (frac-spec|1 translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)))
+      (frac-spec|0 run)
+      (frac-spec|1 run)))
 
 (def: deg-threshold
   {#.doc "~ 1/(2^30)"}
@@ -344,10 +258,8 @@
     (d/- reference sample)
     (d/- sample reference)))
 
-(def: (deg-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (deg-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [param (|> r.deg (:: @ map above-threshold))
      special r.nat
@@ -355,12 +267,7 @@
     (`` ($_ seq
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name>)))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name>)))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (d/= <reference> (:! Deg valueT))
 
@@ -372,12 +279,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<forward> <backward> <type>]
                   [(test <forward>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<backward> (<forward> (~ (code.deg subject))))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<backward> (<forward> (~ (code.deg subject))))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueV)
                                     (d/<= deg-threshold (deg-difference subject (:! <type> valueV)))
 
@@ -388,12 +290,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference> <outputT> <comp>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.deg subject)) (~ (code.deg param)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.deg subject)) (~ (code.deg param)))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<comp> (<reference> param subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
 
@@ -410,12 +307,7 @@
                   ))
             (~~ (do-template [<name> <reference> <outputT> <comp>]
                   [(test <name>
-                         (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                               [_ translate-runtime
-                                sampleO (translate-expression (` (<name> (~ (code.deg subject)) (~ (code.nat special)))))]
-                               (eval sampleO))
-                             (lang.with-current-module "")
-                             (macro.run (io.run init))
+                         (|> (run (` (<name> (~ (code.deg subject)) (~ (code.nat special)))))
                              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                                     (<comp> (<reference> special subject) (:! <outputT> valueT))
 
@@ -441,7 +333,7 @@
             upper-alpha))
 
 (def: (text-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [sample-size (|> r.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n/% +10) (n/max +1))))
      sample0 (r.text' lower-alpha sample-size)
@@ -579,7 +471,7 @@
         )))
 
 (def: (array-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [size (|> r.nat (:: @ map (|>> (n/% +10) (n/max +1))))
      idx (|> r.nat (:: @ map (n/% size)))
@@ -623,7 +515,7 @@
         )))
 
 (def: (math-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [subject r.frac
      param r.frac]
@@ -660,9 +552,9 @@
             ))))
 
 (def: (io-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
-    [message (r.text +5)]
+    [message (r.text' alpha +5)]
     ($_ seq
         (test "Can log messages."
               (|> (run (` ("lux io log" (~ (code.text (format "LOG: " message))))))
@@ -699,7 +591,7 @@
         )))
 
 (def: (atom-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [pre r.nat
      post (|> r.nat (r.filter (|>> (n/= pre) not)))
@@ -740,7 +632,7 @@
         )))
 
 (def: (box-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [pre r.nat
      post (|> r.nat (r.filter (|>> (n/= pre) not)))
@@ -767,7 +659,7 @@
         )))
 
 (def: (process-spec run)
-  (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   ($_ seq
       (test "Can query the concurrency level of the machine."
             (|> (run (` ("lux process concurrency-level")))
@@ -801,17 +693,14 @@
                              false)))
             ))))
 
-(def: (all-specs translate-expression eval translate-runtime init run)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top))
-        Test))
+(def: (all-specs run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   ($_ seq
-      (bit-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-      (nat-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-      (int-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-      (deg-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-      (frac-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
+      (bit-spec run)
+      (nat-spec run)
+      (int-spec run)
+      (deg-spec run)
+      (frac-spec run)
       (text-spec run)
       (array-spec run)
       (math-spec run)
@@ -823,20 +712,20 @@
 
 (context: "[JVM] Common procedures."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (all-specs expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval runtimeT_jvm.translate init-jvm
-                 run-jvm)))
+      (all-specs run-jvm)))
 
 (context: "[JS] Common procedures."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (all-specs expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval runtimeT_js.translate init-js
-                 run-js)))
+      (all-specs run-js)))
 
 (context: "[Lua] Common procedures."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (all-specs expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval runtimeT_lua.translate init-lua
-                 run-lua)))
+      (all-specs run-lua)))
 
 (context: "[Ruby] Common procedures."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (all-specs expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval runtimeT_ruby.translate init-ruby
-                 run-ruby)))
+      (all-specs run-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] Common procedures."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (all-specs run-python)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/function.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/function.lux
index c25632916..d7505bf37 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/function.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/function.lux
@@ -15,19 +15,7 @@
        [host]
        test)
   (luxc [lang]
-        (lang ["ls" synthesis]
-              (translation (jvm [".T_jvm" eval]
-                                [".T_jvm" expression]
-                                [".T_jvm" runtime])
-                           (js [".T_js" eval]
-                               [".T_js" expression]
-                               [".T_js" runtime])
-                           (lua [".T_lua" eval]
-                                [".T_lua" expression]
-                                [".T_lua" runtime])
-                           (ruby [".T_ruby" eval]
-                                 [".T_ruby" expression]
-                                 [".T_ruby" runtime]))))
+        (lang ["ls" synthesis]))
   (test/luxc common))
 
 (def: arity-limit Nat +10)
@@ -45,10 +33,8 @@
                          ((~ (code.int (nat-to-int (n/inc arg)))))))]]
     (wrap [arity arg functionS])))
 
-(def: (function-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        Test))
+(def: (function-spec run)
+  (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [[arity arg functionS] gen-function
      cut-off (|> r.nat (:: @ map (n/% arity)))
@@ -59,12 +45,7 @@
            cut-off (|> cut-off (n/min (n/dec last-arg)))]]
     ($_ seq
         (test "Can read arguments."
-              (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                    [_ translate-runtime
-                     sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS))))]
-                    (eval sampleO))
-                  (lang.with-current-module "")
-                  (macro.run (io.run init))
+              (|> (run (` ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS))))
                   (case> (#e.Success valueT)
                          (n/= arg-value (:! Nat valueT))
 
@@ -73,61 +54,55 @@
                            false))))
         (test "Can partially apply functions."
               (or (n/= +1 arity)
-                  (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                        [#let [partial-arity (n/inc cut-off)
-                               preS (list.take partial-arity argsS)
-                               postS (list.drop partial-arity argsS)]
-                         _ translate-runtime
-                         sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux call"
-                                                           ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ preS))
-                                                           (~+ postS))))]
-                        (eval sampleO))
-                      (lang.with-current-module "")
-                      (macro.run (io.run init))
-                      (case> (#e.Success valueT)
-                             (n/= arg-value (:! Nat valueT))
+                  (let [partial-arity (n/inc cut-off)
+                        preS (list.take partial-arity argsS)
+                        postS (list.drop partial-arity argsS)]
+                    (|> (run (` ("lux call"
+                                 ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ preS))
+                                 (~+ postS))))
+                        (case> (#e.Success valueT)
+                               (n/= arg-value (:! Nat valueT))
 
-                             (#e.Error error)
-                             (exec (log! error)
-                               false)))))
+                               (#e.Error error)
+                               (exec (log! error)
+                                 false))))))
         (test "Can read environment."
               (or (n/= +1 arity)
-                  (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                        [#let [env (|> (list.n/range +0 cut-off)
-                                       (list/map (|>> n/inc nat-to-int)))
-                               super-arity (n/inc cut-off)
-                               arg-var (if (n/<= cut-off arg)
-                                         (|> arg n/inc nat-to-int (i/* -1))
-                                         (|> arg n/inc (n/- super-arity) nat-to-int))
-                               sub-arity (|> arity (n/- super-arity))
-                               functionS (` ("lux function" (~ (code.nat super-arity)) []
-                                             ("lux function" (~ (code.nat sub-arity)) [(~+ (list/map code.int env))]
-                                              ((~ (code.int arg-var))))))]
-                         _ translate-runtime
-                         sampleO (translate-expression (` ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS))))]
-                        (eval sampleO))
-                      (lang.with-current-module "")
-                      (macro.run (io.run init))
-                      (case> (#e.Success valueT)
-                             (n/= arg-value (:! Nat valueT))
+                  (let [env (|> (list.n/range +0 cut-off)
+                                (list/map (|>> n/inc nat-to-int)))
+                        super-arity (n/inc cut-off)
+                        arg-var (if (n/<= cut-off arg)
+                                  (|> arg n/inc nat-to-int (i/* -1))
+                                  (|> arg n/inc (n/- super-arity) nat-to-int))
+                        sub-arity (|> arity (n/- super-arity))
+                        functionS (` ("lux function" (~ (code.nat super-arity)) []
+                                      ("lux function" (~ (code.nat sub-arity)) [(~+ (list/map code.int env))]
+                                       ((~ (code.int arg-var))))))]
+                    (|> (run (` ("lux call" (~ functionS) (~+ argsS))))
+                        (case> (#e.Success valueT)
+                               (n/= arg-value (:! Nat valueT))
 
-                             (#e.Error error)
-                             (exec (log! error)
-                               false)))))
+                               (#e.Error error)
+                               (exec (log! error)
+                                 false))))))
         )))
 
 (context: "[JVM] Function."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (function-spec expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval runtimeT_jvm.translate init-jvm)))
+      (function-spec run-jvm)))
 
 (context: "[JS] Function."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (function-spec expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval runtimeT_js.translate init-js)))
+      (function-spec run-js)))
 
 (context: "[Lua] Function."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (function-spec expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval runtimeT_lua.translate init-lua)))
+      (function-spec run-lua)))
 
 (context: "[Ruby] Function."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (function-spec expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval runtimeT_ruby.translate init-ruby)))
+      (function-spec run-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] Function."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (function-spec run-python)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/primitive.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/primitive.lux
index 8dc48db6f..6d74d4fca 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/primitive.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/primitive.lux
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
               [synthesis #+ Synthesis]))
   (test/luxc common))
 
+(def: ascii
+  (r.Random Nat)
+  (|> r.nat (:: r.Functor<Random> map (|>> (n/% +256) (n/max +1)))))
+
 (def: (spec run)
   (-> (-> Synthesis (e.Error Top)) Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@
      %int% r.int
      %deg% r.deg
      %frac% r.frac
-     %text% (r.text +5)]
+     %text% (r.text' ascii +5)]
     (`` ($_ seq
             (test "Can translate unit."
                   (|> (run (' []))
@@ -32,7 +36,8 @@
                              (text/= hostL.unit (:! Text valueT))
 
                              (#e.Error error)
-                             false)))
+                             (exec (log! error)
+                               false))))
             (~~ (do-template [<desc> <type> <synthesis> <sample> <test>]
                   [(test (format "Can translate " <desc> ".")
                          (|> (run (<synthesis> <sample>))
@@ -40,7 +45,8 @@
                                     (<test> <sample> (:! <type> valueT))
 
                                     (#e.Error error)
-                                    false)))]
+                                    (exec (log! error)
+                                      false))))]
 
                   ["bool" Bool code.bool %bool% bool/=]
                   ["nat"  Nat  code.nat  %nat%  n/=]
@@ -65,3 +71,7 @@
 (context: "[Ruby] Primitives."
   (<| (times +100)
       (spec run-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] Primitives."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (spec run-python)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/reference.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/reference.lux
index 919e35ab2..05f3d8a84 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/reference.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/reference.lux
@@ -12,27 +12,11 @@
   (luxc [lang]
         (lang ["_." module]
               ["ls" synthesis]
-              (translation (jvm [".T_jvm" statement]
-                                [".T_jvm" eval]
-                                [".T_jvm" expression]
-                                [".T_jvm" case]
-                                [".T_jvm" runtime])
-                           (js [".T_js" statement]
-                               [".T_js" eval]
-                               [".T_js" expression]
-                               [".T_js" case]
-                               [".T_js" runtime])
-                           (lua [".T_lua" statement]
-                                [".T_lua" eval]
-                                [".T_lua" expression]
-                                [".T_lua" case]
-                                [".T_lua" runtime])
-                           (ruby [".T_ruby" statement]
-                                 [".T_ruby" eval]
-                                 [".T_ruby" expression]
-                                 [".T_ruby" case]
-                                 [".T_ruby" runtime])
-                           )))
+              (translation (jvm [".T_jvm" statement])
+                           (js [".T_js" statement])
+                           (lua [".T_lua" statement])
+                           (ruby [".T_ruby" statement])
+                           (python [".T_python" statement]))))
   (test/luxc common))
 
 (def: upper-alpha-ascii
@@ -47,94 +31,56 @@
                            (text.contains? "[" sample)
                            (text.contains? "]" sample)))))))
 
-(def: (definitions-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                        translate-def)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        (-> Text Type a Code (Meta Unit))
-        Test))
+(def: (definitions-spec define)
+  (-> Definer Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
-    [module-name ident-part
-     def-name ident-part
+    [def-name (r.seq ident-part ident-part)
      def-value r.int]
-    ($_ seq
-        (test "Can refer to definitions."
-              (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                    [_ translate-runtime
-                     valueO (translate-expression (code.int def-value))
-                     _ (_module.with-module +0 module-name
-                         (translate-def def-name Int valueO (' {})))
-                     sampleO (translate-expression (code.symbol [module-name def-name]))]
-                    (eval sampleO))
-                  (lang.with-current-module "")
-                  (macro.run (io.run init))
-                  (case> (#e.Success valueT)
-                         (i/= def-value (:! Int valueT))
+    (test "Can refer to definitions."
+          (|> (define def-name (code.int def-value))
+              (case> (#e.Success valueT)
+                     (i/= def-value (:! Int valueT))
 
-                         (#e.Error error)
-                         false)))
-        )))
+                     (#e.Error error)
+                     false)))))
 
-(def: (variables-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                      translate-let)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) Nat ls.Synthesis ls.Synthesis (Meta a))
-        Test))
+(def: (variables-spec run)
+  (-> Runner Test)
   (do r.Monad<Random>
     [module-name (|> (r.text +5) (r.filter (|>> (text.contains? "/") not)))
      register (|> r.nat (:: @ map (n/% +100)))
      value r.int]
-    ($_ seq
-        (test "Can refer to local variables/registers."
-              (|> (do macro.Monad<Meta>
-                    [_ translate-runtime
-                     sampleO (translate-let translate-expression
-                                            register
-                                            (code.int value)
-                                            (` ((~ (code.int (nat-to-int register))))))]
-                    (eval sampleO))
-                  (lang.with-current-module "")
-                  (macro.run (io.run init))
-                  (case> (#e.Success outputT)
-                         (i/= value (:! Int outputT))
+    (test "Can refer to local variables/registers."
+          (|> (run (` ("lux let" (~ (code.nat register)) (~ (code.int value))
+                       ((~ (code.int (nat-to-int register)))))))
+              (case> (#e.Success outputT)
+                     (i/= value (:! Int outputT))
 
-                         (#e.Error error)
-                         false)))
-        )))
+                     (#e.Error error)
+                     (exec (log! error)
+                       false))))))
 
-(def: (references-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                       translate-def translate-let)
-  (All [a]
-    (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) (-> a (Meta Top)) (Meta Top) (IO Compiler)
-        (-> Text Type a Code (Meta Unit))
-        (-> (-> ls.Synthesis (Meta a)) Nat ls.Synthesis ls.Synthesis (Meta a))
-        Test))
-  (seq (definitions-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                         translate-def)
-       (variables-spec translate-expression eval translate-runtime init
-                       translate-let)))
+(def: (references-spec run define)
+  (-> Runner Definer Test)
+  (seq (definitions-spec define)
+       (variables-spec run)))
 
 (context: "[JVM] References."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (references-spec expressionT_jvm.translate evalT_jvm.eval runtimeT_jvm.translate init-jvm
-                       statementT_jvm.translate-def
-                       caseT_jvm.translate-let)))
+      (references-spec run-jvm def-jvm)))
 
 (context: "[JS] References."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (references-spec expressionT_js.translate evalT_js.eval runtimeT_js.translate init-js
-                       statementT_js.translate-def
-                       caseT_js.translate-let)))
+      (references-spec run-js def-js)))
 
 (context: "[Lua] References."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (references-spec expressionT_lua.translate evalT_lua.eval runtimeT_lua.translate init-lua
-                       statementT_lua.translate-def
-                       caseT_lua.translate-let)))
+      (references-spec run-lua def-lua)))
 
 (context: "[Ruby] References."
   (<| (times +100)
-      (references-spec expressionT_ruby.translate evalT_ruby.eval runtimeT_ruby.translate init-ruby
-                       statementT_ruby.translate-def
-                       caseT_ruby.translate-let)))
+      (references-spec run-ruby def-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] References."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (references-spec run-python def-python)))
diff --git a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/structure.lux b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/structure.lux
index cf2b8a729..bd2cdcbb4 100644
--- a/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/structure.lux
+++ b/new-luxc/test/test/luxc/lang/translation/structure.lux
@@ -127,3 +127,7 @@
 (context: "[Ruby] Structures."
   (<| (times +100)
       (structure-spec run-ruby)))
+
+(context: "[Python] Structures."
+  (<| (times +100)
+      (structure-spec run-python)))
-- 
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